跨国公司外派人员归国适应研究

随着全球经营活动竞争的日趋激烈,外派管理的有效性逐渐成为国际商业运作成败的关键因素。本文通过对跨国公司外派人员归国适应的影响因素分析,从组织支持的角度提出外派人员归国适应的人力资源管理策略。     

外派回国人员工作适应的影响因素与对策研究

越来越多的外派人员回国及回国后的高离职率引发了对于该群体适应问题的关注。由于逆向文化冲击的影响,外派回国人员会遭遇比融入外国文化更困难的再适应问题。而其中,对工作的适应是最重要的,可能也是最困难的。外派回国人员工作适应的影响因素主要包括个体因素、组织因素和非组织因素等三类,对影响因素的分析表明,组织必须在从外派到回国的整个过程提供系统的诊断与支持,来促进外派回国人员的工作适应。     

外派经理人的成功经验对跨国公司的重要性分析

在经济全球化的大背景下,我国企业规模不断发展扩大,对外投资也随之迅速发展。但由于中国企业处于较低的国际化发展阶段,使人员外派成为企业配置的必然选择。外派人员的成功经验对于跨国公司的未来发展以及实现跨国公司的经营目标具有重要的作用。     

跨国公司外派知识转移影响因素研究

跨国公司的子公司发展有赖于母公司的知识技术,通过其相互间的知识转移得以实现。由于带来竞争优势的隐性知识的无形性和复杂性,跨国派遣是跨国公司向子公司知识转移中普遍采用的形式,外派人员作为母公司与海外子公司的重要纽带,其胜任力直接影响到跨国公司对其子公司知识转移的成功与否。本文提出应从外派员工入手,以子公司知识吸收能力为调节变量,探究外派员工胜任力对跨国公司知识转移效果的影响。     

文化因素对企业外派员工培训外包管理的影响研究

丝绸之路是商业互通的桥梁,而"一带一路"则是丝绸之路的创新性拓展。跨国企业贸易活动中外派员工扮演着重要的角色,然而外派员工的业绩极易受到目标国文化的影响,跨文化培训势在必行。论文基于霍夫斯泰德文化维度理论,从文化的各个维度探讨了文化因素与企业外派员工培训外包管理决策的相互关系。     

浅谈社会情境对失地农民社会适应的影响

随着中国城市化进程的不断深入加快,城市边缘的土地也随之被大量地征用,大量的农民被动地失去赖以生存的土地,进入到城市中开始新的生活,而对于从农民到新市民的转变,大多数的人所表现出的更多的是对于新生活的不适应性,在这个过程中社会情境对于失地农民的影响是不容忽视的。本文通过研究分析以探讨社会情境对于失地农民社会适应性的影响。     

IT运维外包中外派人员组织归属感的影响因素研究——基于心理契约理论的多案例研究

现在越来越多的客户将其部分或全部的IT运维工作交给外部的专业服务提供商。IT外派人员长期在客户的现场提供服务,这也导致了外派人员对母公司缺乏组织归属感。本文选择了四个涉及IT外派人员的IT运维外包项目进行案例研究,试图探寻影响外派人员对母公司组织归属感的影响因素。本文发现影响外派人员组织归属感的因素主要包括沟通、公平、员工关怀和稳定预期,但是在不同的心理契约情境下影响外派人员组织归属感的因素各不相同。     

Expatriate adjustment and commitment: the role of host-unit treatment

This article tests the hypotheses that perceived host ethnocentrism will impact negatively on expatriates' work adjustment, host commitment and parent commitment as well as increase the desire to return early from overseas assignments. Hierarchical regression analyses were performed on survey data from 250 international assignees controlling for a wide range of personal, organizational and locational characteristics. As predicted, perceptions of local ethnocentrism had a negative effect on work adjustment and commitment to the host unit, particularly when cultural distance was low. We also found that European expatriates were more likely to react negatively to perceptions of host ethnocentrism than were their American counterparts. In general, there was no support of the hypothesized links between perceived host ethnocentrism and parent-firm commitment or the desire to return early.     

Expatriate selection: back to basics?

Expatriate assignments are becoming increasingly unattractive to potential candidates making the unwieldy myriad of proposed selection criteria of decreasing practical value to internationally assigning firms. When the issue is more to find anyone willing to do the job rather than selecting the best candidate from a large pool of applicants, maybe basic personal characteristics can better guide corporations in their search for suitable expatriate candidates. To examine this proposition, a large sample of Western business expatriates in Hong Kong responded to a mail survey about their sociocultural and psychological adjustment. The results of the hierarchical regression analysis indicated that age had a positive association with general, interaction and work adjustment of the expatriates as well as with psychological adjustment. Gender was not associated with any kind of adjustment whereas being married had a positive relation with work adjustment. The implications for international firms of these results are discussed in detail.     

The impact of on-site mentoring on expatriate socialization: a structural equation modelling approach

While the literature on expatriate adjustment has focused on the importance of back-home mentors and their instrumentality for future career advancement, this research explores the importance of on-site mentors for the effective socialization of expatriates into their current overseas assignments. Using a sample of 179 expatriates located in nineteen countries, this paper presents a structural equation model illustrating the relationships among mentoring received, expatriate socialization and socialization outcomes. Amount of mentoring received positively impacts on expatriate socialization, which in turn positively influences job attitudes, intention to finish the expatriate assignment and expatriate understanding of global business issues. Using Hofstede's typology of national cultures, this research also suggests that the international context of the overseas assignment affects how much on-site mentoring expatriates receive. Specifically, expatriates are more likely to receive mentoring in small power distance, weak uncertainty avoidance and individualistic cultures.     

Expatriate Adjustment:

The aims of this paper are to underscore the relevance of expatriates' racial background, sex, age, nationality and religion to their adjustment and to propose strategies for dealing with hosts' negative perceptions of expatriates' sociobiological backgrounds. The paper argues that the growing diversity of expatriates and the current nationalistic and ethnic conflicts in many parts of the world calls for the need to discuss,expatriates' sociobiological background explicitly. The strategies for dealing with hosts' negative perceptions are based on initiating contact, reducing uncertainty and being diplomatic and assertive rather than aggressive during intercultural interaction.     

Psychological barriers to adjustment and how they affect coping strategies: Western business expatriates in China

Business expatriates currently assigned to the Chinese mainland, mainly from the USA, France, Germany, Australia and Great Britain participated in a survey examining two sets of psychological barriers to adjustment and their association with problem-focused and symptom-focused coping strategies. As presumed, there is a negative relationship between expatriates' perceived inability to adjust and problem-focused coping, while this psychological barrier had no significant association with symptom-focused coping. Unwillingness to adjust has a negative relationship with only one of the problem-focused coping variables, social involvement with host country nationals, whereas the same psychological barrier correlated only negatively with parent-country escapism of the symptom-focused strategies. Implications for Western business expatriates on the Chinese mainland and for their assigning companies are discussed as well as possible avenues for further research.     

Expatriate adjustment as a multifaceted phenomenon: individual and organizational level predictors

A conceptual model is proposed that identifies critical antecedents of expatriate adjustment. Adjustment is conceptualized as the degree of fit between the expatriate manager and the environment, both work and socio-cultural. Adjustment is marked by both reduced conflict and increased effectiveness. As a multidimensional phenomenon, expatriate adjustment can be identified in psychological, socio-cultural and work domains. The model predicts that psychological and socio-cultural adjustment are the most immediate predictors of work adjustment. In this paper, it is asserted that the success of the expatriation process depends not only on the expatriate manager's competencies and skills, but also on organizational (both parent-company and local-unit) support and assistance prior to and during the assignment. Various international human resource management models are utilized to examine the organizational level antecedents of expatriate adjustment. Managerial resourcefulness, acculturation attitudes, personality dimensions and coping strategies are discussed in relation to individual predictors, whereas MNCs' international structure, value orientation, organizational life-cycle, diversity training, strategic planning and socialization are proposed as organizational predictors of expatriate adjustment.     

A model for the influence of social interaction and social support on female expatriates' cross-cultural adjustment

This paper offers a model to describe the way in which female expatriates develop relationships and utilize those relationships to become cross-culturally adjusted. This model includes three predictive components affecting cross-cultural adjustment. The first includes the factors affecting whether a woman is able to form relationships on the expatriate assignment. These antecedents can include the female expatriate's personality, the cultural norms towards women, her language skills and the availability of possible opportunities for interaction. The second component includes the various sources of social interaction and social support (e.g. family members, and host national colleagues). The third component describes the nature of a female expatriate's social interaction and social support (e.g. emotional, informational and instrumental). Practical considerations for multinational organizations sending female expatriates are offered.     

Expatriates' and National Employees' Perceptions of the Role of MNCs in Development

The purpose of this research is to report and analyze expatriate and UAE indigenous managers' responses and evaluations of MNCs role in national development. The research intends to answer questions that arise concerning the contribution of MNCs in four areas: political, cultural, economic, and technological. The results indicate that "foreign" expatriates have, in general, a negative attitude toward the contributions of MNCs. Arab expatriate and indigenous participants, however, value the role of MNCs in national development. Various implications of the results are provided.     

Antecedents and consequences of the perceived adjustment of Japanese expatriates in the USA

The present study was designed to better understand the antecedents and consequences of expatriate adjustment in an international assignment. The researchers surveyed Japanese expatriates assigned to the United States. Structural equation modeling was utilized to test our hypotheses and model. The results indicated that previous knowledge of the host country, language proficiency, willingness to communicate and perception of the novelty of the host culture were differentially related to expatriates' adjustment to the host country. General and work adjustments were negatively related to expatriates' intent to return early. In addition, interrelationships among the adjustment dimensions were examined and the results indicated that general adjustment leads to work adjustment, which, in turn, influences interactional adjustment. Implications for future research are presented.