基于Unity 3D的某飞行器虚拟拆装系统设计

目前商业三维软件的数字装配只是对某单个产品或者部件的装配,而产品实物模装成本高,且不能实时更改、周期长等缺陷。本文将虚拟装配技术使用在飞行器的设计、制造装配的过程,实现了某飞行器产品装配过程可视化,缩短了产品设计周期,减少了产品的研制经费。通过采用Unity引擎,采用交换式显示器,进行某飞行器产品的装配与拆卸系统的设计与研究,实现了某飞行器在虚拟环境中定位、复位和拆卸的实现方法,实现了虚拟装配过程。     

Managing product lines that share a common capacity base

This paper examines the difficulties of maintaining competitive delivery times on product lines that share a common capacity base. The analysis is derived from a case study of a manufacturing firm producing finished product and service parts at a single plant. A system dynamics simulation model is used to represent production and ordering policies of the firm and its distribution network. Simulation analysis shows that these policies cause demand volatility for the finished product to be converted into supply volatility of service parts, leading to long parts delivery times and loss of service parts market share. To improve the performance of the service parts business, the production of finished product and parts should be decoupled, so the supply of the two product lines becomes independent. The results are discussed for the general multiproduct-line case. A brief report of implementation results is included.     

Assessing supply chain risks with the analytic hierarchy process: Providing decision support for the offshoring decision by a US manufacturing company

This paper reports the process used by a US manufacturing company to assess supply chain risks within the context of an offshore sourcing decision. The case study company was faced with the objective of finding a new supplier for two of its major product lines. Five alternatives were considered: (1) sourcing finished goods from Mexico; (2) sourcing finished goods from China; (3) sourcing parts from China and assembly in the US; (4) sourcing parts from China, assembly in a Maquiladora in Mexico with investment; and (5) sourcing parts from China, assembly in a Maquiladora in Mexico with no investment in the venture. To find the best solution, action research methodology was combined with the application of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Through iterative and structured discussions, 17 risk factors were identified, which were subsequently grouped into main and sub objectives. AHP was then used to evaluate the importance of each risk factor, and to determine the best alternative. This study makes several contributions to the field of purchasing and supply management. First, it provides a comprehensive framework of empirically derived risk factors to be considered in an international sourcing context. Second, it shows how AHP can be used to assess these risk factors and alternatives as part of the framework to facilitate and support the final offshoring decision. And third, it illustrates the successful application of the approach by a US manufacturing company. As such, this paper contributes to the research streams of offshoring and risk management in purchasing and supply, as well as to decision-making under uncertainty and AHP. In addition, it serves as a practical methodology for firms in similar situations.     

The deployment of temporary production workers in assembly operations: a case study of the hidden costs of learning and forgetting

The dynamics of workforce skill levels has a considerable impact on plant-level performance that is commonly overlooked by managers of manufacturing operations. In this study, we present a discrete event simulation model inspired by and validated in an actual manufacturing setting that includes short product life cycles, mid-volume production quantities, and a production environment consisting of assembly, inspection and testing.The effect of worker skill dynamics is analyzed using a factorial experimental design that contrasts the use of temporary versus permanent workers on manufacturing cost performance. The manufacturing costs assessed include labor, inspection and testing. The cost of reworking a defect is captured as an increase in the labor consumption. Materials costs are not assessed. At the core of the analysis, it is assumed that temporary workers have relatively less skill and therefore have higher average production times, higher average defect rates associated with their assembly activity, and lower rates of learning. In addition, the variance of the production time is higher for the temporary workers. Despite these indicators of performance problems, temporary workers may be used because of the considerably lower wage rate compared to permanent employees.Our in-depth case analyses shows that assigning skilled permanent workers to upstream build operations was superior to other policies deploying temporary workers, regardless of lot size or product complexity. Attesting to the importance of the labor mix component of manufacturing strategy, workforce deployment policies tended to dominate product switching frequency (a proxy variable for lot size and product mix) in impacting costs.     

A Destructive Sampling Method Designed for Outsourcing Situations Involving High Quality Production Processes

In outsourcing situations involving manufacturing and assembly, the sampling of units produced is important since in many situations not all of the units can be tested. Destructive sampling, which commonly occurs in the assembly and manufacturing industry, is a form of sampling where all units produced cannot be tested since the parts are destructively tested. In this situation, sampling techniques are used to determine if an entire lot should be accepted or rejected based on the sampling results. The traditional sampling techniques include single or classical sampling, double sampling, multiple sampling, skip-lot sampling, chain sampling and MIL-STD-105E. The purpose of this paper is to develop a sophisticated technique that monitors quality at a lower cost than traditional methods yet has similar monitoring characteristics in situations where quality is high and tests are destructive. The proposed technique, Destructive Sampling Method for High Quality production processes (DSM-HQ), is based on a cost function, which balances the costs of sampling versus the costs of finding a defect on the field. DSM-HQ assumes to have a Poisson process defect pattern and uses an Empirical Bayesian analysis to allow the researcher to include prior knowledge.     

虚拟装配技术在铁路货车设计中的应用研究

虚拟装配技术是一种全新的设计概念,是在虚拟设计环境下完成对产品的总体设计进程控制并进行具体模型定义与分析的过程。它可有效支持自顶向下的并行产品设计以及与主模型相关的可制造性设计和可装配性设计,以缩短产品开发周期。文章在分析了虚拟装配技术基本思想后,提出了在铁路货车设计中实施虚拟装配技术应用的基础环境以及具体的实施方法和途径。     

研究制造业工艺装备管理

为了能够进一步提高制造业的市场核心竞争能力,核心内容就是在合理降低成本的基础上,提高产品的质量与产品的生产效率,从而缩短交货的时间。而对于生产效率、产品生产质量以及生产成本来说,其都与工艺装备有直接的关系,只有通过有效的工艺装备管理,才能够切实提高企业的市场核心竞争能力,促进制造业的发展。基于此,论文主要对制造业工艺装备管理进行分析,以供参考。     

高效的驻厂质量监造工作浅议

监造是一种中介咨询服务。监理行业性质—服务、脑力劳动为主,主要对产品实现过程的质量、进度、投资实施监督管理。本文主要从委托方、监造方各自的角度出发,重点讨论如何实现高效的驻厂质量监督制造,保证设备质量。     

基于MINITAB的质量管理分析

本文应用MINITAB软件对温州某制造公司轴锻件中平衡轴的质量数据进行了质量控制分析,通过对质量数据的正态性检验、控制图绘制以及过程能力指数的计算等方式,判断出生产过程的质量现状,为企业改进产品质量提供了有效参考。     

浅谈提高高职生在汽车厂工作稳定性的办法

高职层次的汽车专业人才是汽车整车厂生产一线负责生产、工艺技术、质量控制技术等生产管理的重要力量,高职毕业生在汽车整车厂的工作稳定性直接影响工厂的产能及质量控制水平。从汽车制造与装配技术专业人才供求关系分析,寻找解决高职毕业生在汽车整车厂工作稳定性下降的办法。     

压力容器制造的新工艺及质量控制

压力容器的质量保证体系指的就是在生产过程中对产品进行检验检查和监督的执行机构,主要包括从材料、图样、质量改进、压力试验、理化检验等方面的环节,只有不断健全完善压力容器制造的质量保证体系,才能使得压力容器产品的制作质量不断提高,要想真正做到使质量控制师取得一定的工作效果,就需要各个企业和相关部门的共同努力,建立健全质量保证体系。本文主要论述了压力容器制造的质量保证体系以及压力容器制造的质量控制措施等内容。     

田口线内质量工程学探析

引言 线内质量工程学（On—line Quality Engineering）,又称制造阶段的质量工程学,是日本著名质量管理专家田口玄一博士针对生产现场的工序管理和产品管理提出的系列理论和方法,其核心是基于田口质量观的质量损失函数。     

生产效率为中介的制造企业内服务与绩效关系研究

由于制造企业对于企业内部服务功能的日益重视,制造企业内服务越来越成为使制造企业获得持续的竞争优势从而促进企业绩效的重要部分.从制造企业内服务的概念入手,通过文献将制造企业内服务分为信息处理、制造过程控制、会计核算和产品质量保障四个部分,并分析了制造企业内服务通过生产效率这个中介变量来提升企业绩效的作用过程,据此提出了理论模型.实证结果显示:(1)制造企业内服务各要素与企业绩效存在着部分的正相关的关系;(2)生产效率在制造企业内服务部分指标与企业绩效之间存在着显著的中介效应.     

Threats to new product manufacturability and the effects of development team integration processes

The thesis of this article is that new product manufacturability (NPM) is influenced by certain challenges inherent in new product development (NPD), and by efforts to integrate manufacturing and other functional concerns into the product design process. This research tests the direct and interacting effects of these influences via a survey of 91 completed NPD projects representing a variety of manufacturing industries. While most hypotheses were supported, the analysis also provides some surprising findings. Project complexity and increased levels of design outsourcing are associated with poorer NPM. Product newness and project acceleration are associated with better NPM. All the measured aspects of development team integration are associated with better NPM, including intense manufacturing involvement, a collaborative work environment, supplier influence on the product design, and strong management support in the project. Furthermore, certain integration variables exert moderating effects on relationships between technological uncertainty, product newness, design outsourcing, project acceleration and NPM. By exposing these relationships this research extends the theory of product development influences on manufacturability beyond a focus on engineering-oriented approaches (e.g., design-for-manufacture). The results suggest that larger managerial issues must be addressed and that more contingency-oriented research is needed to explore the benefits and limitations of development team integration processes.     

排污权交易条件下缺陷产品生产库存策略研究

自二十世纪初以来,生产库存控制理论一直是运筹学研究中的重要领域。生产库存控制研究使用量化方法建立生产库存模型,给出最生产优库存控制策略。本文建立了排污权条件下易存在缺陷产品的生产库存模型,并对模型的解及其性质进行了分析,给出了基于排污权交易的缺陷产品的生产库存最优控制策略。     

堆取料机中心柱的制造方法的研制

120米的圆型料场堆、取料机,结构复杂,技术要求高,生产关键多,通过这次对中心柱制造方法的工艺改进,简化了生产工艺,同时降低了产品制造难度,从而降低了生产成本,提高了产品质量和生产效率,给制造公司带来了综合经济效益。     

Operating decisions, supplier availability and quality: An empirical study

In the just-in-time (JIT) philosophy, purchasing strategies advocate the use of fewer sources of supply to enable a firm to improve the quality of its products. However, there is paucity of empirical evidence in support of the theory. We develop a model by integrating concepts from manufacturing, marketing, and business strategy to better understand the links between operating decisions of the firm, supplier availability, and product quality. We empirically test the hypotheses using cross-sectional PIMS data. Our analysis shows that operating decisions and environmental factors such as wider product lines, lower levels of competition, and greater frequency of product changes increase the likelihood of a firms' reduction of supplier base, which in turn raises quality levels.     

轿车总装制造过程质量控制方法研究

“质量是上海大众的生命”这是上海大众一贯秉承的造车宗旨。对于整车制造部门来说,产品过程质量的控制是质量工作中的一个重要课题。本文将以上海大众的一个整车总装车间为研究对象,全面阐述新型QRK过程质量控制方法的基本理论、具体实施。     

Sustainabilty integration in product portfolio for sustainable development: Findings from the industry

Many companies decide which services, products, and technologies to include in their product portfolio using evaluation criteria, which often consider cost, quality, risk, revenue, time, and market position. Incorporating sustainability in the portfolio evaluation criteria could ensure the development of sustainable solutions from the early stages of the product development process, where there is more room for innovation. The aim of this paper is to understand how sustainability can be integrated in the company portfolio development. Semi-structured interviews were performed with experts in the field and representatives from multinational manufacturing companies with operations in Sweden. Main findings from this study include a proposed definition of a sustainability product portfolio concept and suggested portfolio evaluation criteria from an industry perspective. Future research will develop a method to guide manufacturing companies in sustainability integration and implementation in product portfolios.     

论标准监督在产品质量监督中的作用

现代产品质量监督不仅仅是对产品质量的抽查与检验,更是通过对产品生产企业质量监督管理体系的指导提高企业产品质量控制水平的工作。本文就标准监督在产品质量监督中的作用进行了简要论述。