Health insurance generosity and conditional coverage: Evidence from medicaid managed care in Kentucky

This article estimates the impact of the introduction of Medicaid managed care (MMC) on the formal Medicaid participation of children. We employ a quasi‐experimental approach exploiting the location‐specific timing of MMC implementation in Kentucky. Using data from the March Current Population Survey from 1995 to 2003, our findings suggest that the introduction of MMC increases the likelihood of being uninsured and decreases formal Medicaid participation. This finding is consistent with an increase in “conditional coverage,” waiting until medical care is needed to sign up or re‐enroll in Medicaid. These effects are concentrated among low‐income children and absent for high‐income children. We find no evidence of “crowd‐in,” substituting private coverage for Medicaid. These results are robust to multiple placebo tests and imply the potential for less formal participation (i.e., more conditional coverage) among the Affordable Care Act‐Medicaid expansion population (which is likely to be primarily covered under MMC) than is typically predicted.     

农村银色保健品市场的需求特点与营销对策研究

农村银色保健品市场的快速发展,受到了众多商家的高度关注,而如何把握农村老年人市场的需求特点,开展有效的营销组合设计,是能否在这个广大潜力市场成功发展的关键。考虑到这一市场在产品上,比较注重核心产品,品牌偏好不强;在价格上,注重性价比,求实动机明显;在渠道要求上,注重便利性,喜欢就近购买;从促销角度看,购买行为比较被动,信息不通畅等诸多特点,笔者坚定认为产品应该是进入农村市场的根本,价格应该适应需求水平,渠道应该是致胜的通路,促销应该是竞争的利器,并在此基础上提出了自己的发展对策。     

General health conditions and medical insurance issues concerning black women

In the last 30 years the health status of black women has improved. However, the likelihood of health problems from complications of pregnancy and childbirth or prolonged illness from combined effects of diabetes, hypertension, and obesity remains. The need for continuity of care for these conditions and the low economic status of black women suggest that current policy shifts away from emphasis on increased access to medical care will adversely affect the health status of black women. Policies to contain health-care costs should therefore be designed to assure appropriate access to needed care for black women and other low-income groups.     

Impact of urban-rural health insurance integration on health care: Evidence from rural China

In recent years, Chinese local governments have experimented with integrating the social health insurance system segmented between rural and urban areas to unify the administration, policy, and funds of various health insurance programs. In this study, we take advantage of the staggered implementation of the urban-rural health insurance integration across cities over time to examine the impacts of the integration on rural residents' health care utilization and health outcomes. Based on an original city-year level policy dataset and the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) for the years 2011, 2013, and 2015, we find that the integration significantly increases the middle-aged and older rural residents' inpatient care utilization and this positive effect is particularly salient in poor areas. Moreover, we find that the positive policy effect of integration is attributed to enhanced health insurance benefits, such as a higher reimbursement rate for inpatient care. However, the integration has limited impacts on the middle-aged and older rural residents' health outcomes. This study reveals the partial success of urban-rural health insurance integration to reduce health care inequality in China.     

Who bears the burden of social insurance? Evidence from Japanese health and long-term care insurance data

Using the society-managed health insurance data, which is cross-sectional time-series and covers 1670 health insurance societies for seven years (FY1995–2001), we found for the first time in Japan that the majority of the employers' contribution to health insurance is shifting back onto the employees in the form of wage reduction. On the other hand, we cannot find such evidence for the contribution to long-term care insurance using a two-year (FY2000–2001) panel data set. The difference can be theoretically explained by how employees value the contribution relative to social security benefits they enjoy. J. Japanese Int. Economies 18 (4) (2004) 565–581.     

中国保险市场与投资市场的互动研究:定价方法与实证

从新的观点出发,把保险公司的赔付情况与投资收益结合,对保险建立在一类条件较弱的投资背景下的线性正倒向随机微分方程的改进模型。根据一类特殊线性倒向随机微分方程的显式解,加入时间序列预测方法,给出了基于投资的保险定价公式,为保险公司厘定保险的保费提供新的可行性方法。     

Measuring price inflation in the physician sector of the health care market

Summary The purpose of this study was to indicate the need for the development of an adequate measure of the inflation in prices of medical care services. Although the CPI provides a medical care component, the index has a number of serious shortcomings. These shortcomings hinder its usefulness for policy purposes. The main thrust of this analysis was to suggest an alternative measure of prices of medical care services. This suggested hedonic approach will produce a more realistic measure of medical care prices for policy purposes.     

建国初期中国国内保险市场探析

从 1 94 9年到 1 958年 ,新中国重建国内保险市场组织体系 ,试办了多种国内保险业务 ,取得了令人瞩目的成绩。本文通过分析国内保险市场组织结构的演变过程 ,考察保险市场保险种类开办的情况 ,探讨保险业务的经营得失。     

Cyclically oscillating product quality: A simple model of the product life cycle

This paper presents a dynamic model of the firm, where the firm can exert influence on demand by setting the price and by controlling the quality index. Assuming profit maximization, it is shown by means of the Hopf Bifurcation theorem that persistent oscillations of the variables may occur if there is positive growth at the steady state together with a high discount rate. Oscillations may also occur if the influence of an additional unit of the quality index on demand and price is sufficiently large, thus yielding a special version of the product life cycle. A numerical example is used in order to illustrate the results derived in the general framework. Valuable comments from an anonymous referee are gratefully acknowledged.     

制约保险产品创新的因素及其对策

一、制约保险产品创新的因素 1．保险产品自身的特殊性制约保险产品的创新 保险产品创新容易产生新的市场风险。保险产品是一种不能预见，不能用五官直接接触到的特殊消费。客户只能依靠对保险公司信誉以及保险人对产品的介绍程度和直接宣传力度，依赖它的服务信息能否有效的为大众所知来最终确定是否购买。而所购买保险产品的实际品质和使用价值究竟如何，只有在出险索赔或经过相关的售后服务，才能真正体会到。     

Features and competition in the market for mortgage insurance in the Russian Federation

The provision of mortgage insurance is considered in the article based on market research and of programs for comprehensive mortgage insurance, for mortgage insurance, and for mortgage insurance without involving insurance mechanisms. As follows from the analysis based on the characteristics of the Russian market of mortgage insurance, we can predict its development taking into account factors of intermarket competition.     

中国管理咨询业发展现状及对策分析

本文根据我国保险业的特点及现状 ,对保险业的市场结构进行了较深入的分析 ,并提出了促使其健康发展的建议。     

On the consumption insurance effects of long-term care insurance in Japan: Evidence from micro-level household data

Using micro-level household data in the 2001 Comprehensive Survey of the Living Conditions of the People on Health and Welfare compiled by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, this paper examines how having a household member in need of long-term nursing care can result in welfare losses measured in terms of consumption. In so doing, this study evaluates the role of the public long-term care insurance scheme implemented in Japan in April 2000. The results indicate that when households include a disabled family member, household consumption net of long-term care costs do not decrease as much as before the introduction of long-term care insurance. Further, when compared with the surveys conducted in 1998, the adverse effects on consumption net of long-term care costs have become much weaker. These findings suggest that the introduction of social insurance in 2000 helped Japanese households to reduce the welfare losses associated with a disabled family member.     

关于发展公司债券市场的几个问题

公司债券市场是金融市场的重要组成部分。长期以来由于种种原因制约着公司债券市场的发展,从而也影响着我国投资体制的改革,影响着金融市场的发展。为此,为尽快修改有关法律法规。调整和规范公司债券的各项法律法规条款,从而加快公司债券市场的发展。     

A Simulation model of the Taiwan security market

Since continuous trading and call systems are implemented by many stock exchanges, we conduct a simulation to evaluate stock market performance under different auction mechanisms. Our simulation ignoring confounding factors demonstrates that: (1) a continuous market incurs higher execution cost but with shorter liquidity time and better price discovery than a call market; and (2) as the stock market becomes thinner, execution cost rises and price discovery slows. (JELG15, CIS)     

China's health care reform: A tentative assessment

China has recently unveiled an ambitious new health-care reform plan, entailing a doubling of government health spending as well as a number of concrete reforms. While the details of the plan have not yet been completely announced, we offer a preliminary assessment of how well the reform is likely to achieve its stated goal of assuring every citizen equal access to affordable basic health care. The reform is based on three fundamental tenets: strong role of government in health, commitment to equity, and willingness to experiment with regulated market approaches. Within this framework, the reform offers a number of laudable changes to the health system, including an increase in public health financing, an expansion of primary health facilities and an increase in subsidies to achieve universal insurance coverage. However, it fails to address the root causes of the wastes and inefficiencies plaguing China's health care system, such as a fragmented delivery system and provider incentives to over-provide expensive tests and services. We conclude that China should consider changing the provider payment method from fee-for-service to a prospective payment method such as DRG or capitation with pay-for-performance, and to develop purchasing agencies that represent the interests of the population so as to enhance competition.     

A model of trade,task offshoring and social insurance

The purpose of this paper is to study the role of social insurance design in a comparative-advantage model of offshoring and trade. To do so, we incorporate social insurance into a modified version of the Grossman and Rossi-Hansberg (Am Econ Rev 98(5):1978–1997, 2008) model by formalizing its administrative, compensation, cost, labor-supply and productivity effects. The compensation and productivity effects, which are novel, give rise to important offshoring and trade implications that can contribute to explain how social insurance provision can be sustained under globalization pressure and why similar globalization pressure can lead to different skill premia developments in Western economies.     

A welfare-theoretic argument for regional subsidization of industry in the presence of inferior technology

This paper develops a welfare-theoretic argument for regional policy makers to subsidize an industry that has access to superior production technology in another region. The analytical framework is based on a standard general equilibrium model where two regions operating within a federal system are connected by goods trade and capital mobility. Optimal regional policy is designed to improve the capital terms of trade and depends on regional production patterns. Only when the technologically deficient region is diversified in production will optimal policy involve subsidization of an industry that has access to superior technology in another region.