农业保险可以减轻自然灾害对农业经济的负面影响吗?

建立融合自然灾害、农业保险以及道德风险的动态模型.模型显示:自然灾害会降低农业产出,而农业保险可以降低自然灾害对农业生产的负面影响,但前提是道德风险的影响较小.实证表明,每增加1元农业保险保费对应的保障水平,可以降低由自然灾害导致的第一产业产出约8.19元的损失.同时,未发现农业保险市场在省级加总层面存在显著的道德风险.     

国有控股商业银行合规文化建设研究

随着我国加入WTO过渡期的完成,中国银行业将完全实现对外开放.合规风险逐渐成为除信用风险、市场风险和操作风险之外的我国国有控股商业银行面临的重要风险.有效控制合规风险的长期措施应该是进行商业银行合规文化的建设.本文从建设国有控股商业银行合规文化的现实要求出发,结合国有控股商业银行经营实践,通过对合规文化的内涵与特点及国有控股商业银行合规文化现状的分析,提出了对国有控股商业银行合规文化建设的设想,主要包括:健全合规制度及组织体系、强调"有效互动"的合规文化、建立有效的绩效考核机制、流程再造应突出合规文化等.     

国有控股商业银行合规文化建设研究

随着我国加入WTO过渡期的完成，中国银行业将完全实现对外开放。合规风险逐渐成为除信用风险、市场风险和操作风险之外的我国国有控股商业银行面临的重要风险。有效控制合规风险的长期措施应该是进行商业银行合规文化的建设。本文从建设国有控股商业银行合规文化的现实要求出发，结合国有控股商业银行经营实践，通过对合规文化的内涵与特点及国有控股商业银行合规文化现状的分析，提出了对国有控股商业银行合规文化建设的设想，主要包括：健全合规制度及组织体系、强调“有效互动”的合规文化、建立有效的绩效考核机制、流程再造应突出合规文化等。     

证券公司合规管理体系的现状、问题和对策

合规管理是企业全面风险管理的重要组成部分。近几年国内证券公司违法违规事件频发，系统性风险集中显现，与合规管理机制缺失密不可分。认真研究国内外金融业合规管理状况，加强国内证券公司外部合规法规体系建设，建立公司内部合规检查与监督机制，塑造合规文化，将有助于证券公司的规范经营和持续发展。     

创新背景下我国证券公司合规风险管理研究

自券商创新大会以来,证券公司创新业务迅速发展,证券行业迎来了从传统业务向创新业务转型的新机遇。但是,在新业务发展和新产品推出的同时,合规风险管理也暴露出一些问题。合规风险管理的职责不清、独立性不强、方式单一等问题制约了我国证券公司合规风险管理的有效性。因此,充分认识业务创新与合规风险管理的关系,熟悉创新背景下合规风险的特征,构建“大合规”系统,有助于提高证券公司合规风险管理水平,为创新业务发展保驾护航。     

国有保险公司的合规管理问题——基于监察的视角

本文介绍了国内外合规管理的进展和我国金融监察的基本情况,然后分析研究二者在监督职能、监督层次、监督流程、监督方法等方面的互补性,从而发掘二者协同的本质和潜力,最后从正确处理监察与合规的关系、制订有针对性的合规政策条款、加强信息与沟通、完善人才培养与选拔体系等方面提出发展完善我国国有保险公司监督体系的建议。     

Analyzing the standard deduction as a presumptive tax

Presumptive taxes can be found in the tax system of most developing countries and make sense when the desired tax base is difficult to measure, verify, and monitor. As a substitute for the desired tax base, the presumed tax base is derived from items that can be more readily monitored. Presumed taxes can also be found in developed countries, and examples include fixed depreciation schedules in place of asset-specific measures of decline in asset value, floors on deductible expenses, and the standard deduction. The authors analyze presumptive income taxation with an ultimate goal to initiate an approach to optimal presumptive taxation. This paper begins that task by analyzing the standard deduction in the individual income tax system in the United States.     

The compliance cost of taxing foreign-source income: Its magnitude,determinants, and policy implications

This paper uses survey evidence to estimate the compliance cost of the U.S. system of taxing foreign-source income. The evidence suggests that this cost is about 40 percent of the total tax-compliance cost of large U.S. corporations, which is disproportionately higher than the aggregate share of assets, sales, and employment that is abroad. It is also very high compared to the revenue raised by the United States from taxing foreign-source income, although this comparison must be qualified because arguably a principal purpose of this system is to protect U.S. revenues collected on domestic-source income. The disproportionate compliance cost of foreign-source income is not apparent in a survey of European-based multinational corporations.     

对商业银行实施合规风险管理的分析与探讨

随着金融全球化、市场化的迅速发展和银行业间竞争的不断加剧,特别随着各行股份制改造带来的内部治理结构和管理机制的深刻变化,整个经营运行的环境日趋复杂,商业银行不仅面临着传统意义上的信用风险,而且还承担着更加多变的操作风险和市场风险,风险管理难度日益加大．风险日益增多。实施合规风险管理已经成为确保提高经营管理水平的关键环节。本文指出了商业银行风险管理工作中存在的薄弱环节和合规风险管理体系应具备的主要特点,并就如何建立合规风险管理体系提出了相关建议。     

Environmental Regulations and Social Norms

The evidence suggests that a surprisingly large number of firms comply with pollution standards even though expected penalties for non-compliance are quite low. This paper establishes an environmental social norm model that embodies collective environmental actions among firms. It provides a plausible explanation for these puzzling empirical findings. In this social norm framework, we also explore how the extrinsic pricing incentive affects the intrinsic environmental morale among firms. By taking into account the crowding-out effect of pricing incentives, we show that pollution taxes may not be an effective tool in fighting pollution.     

The Optimality of Punishing Only the Innocent: The Case of Tax Evasion

We study the effectson tax enforcement and tax policy of unintentional complianceerrors by taxpayers and administrative errors by tax auditors.The government can impose both penalties for misreporting andrewards for honest reporting. Maximal sanctions will not be appliedbecause errors are possible, so evasion cannot be eliminatedcostlessly. Under optimal policy intentional evasion can be deterred,but innocent tax evaders must be penalized whether they haveunintentionally evaded or have been mistakenly convicted. Thisdeters intentional evasion, but limits redistribution. Withoutrewards for honest reporting, the revelation principle need notapply, so intentional evasion can occur.     

Towards a new approach for the identification of atypical accident scenarios

Proper hazard identification (HAZID) in safety reports has become progressively more difficult to achieve. Several major accidents in Europe in recent years, such as Buncefield and Toulouse, were not even considered by their site ‘Seveso-II’ Safety Case. One of the reasons is that available HAZID methodologies take no notice of apparently least likely events. Nonidentified scenarios thus constitute a latent risk, whose management is extremely complex and open ended. For this reason, the EC project iNTeg-Risk, in one of its tasks, aimed to investigate the issue of atypical scenarios and explain how they could have been identified. This study wants to describe the approach used and its immediate results, paving the way towards a new method for the identification of atypical accident scenarios. An in-depth accident analysis of some of these accidents was performed, in order to outline general features of plants in which they occurred, their causes, consequences, and lessons learned. This analysis followed a precise common scheme, which allowed a systematic approach to the problem by the experts involved. Based on the findings, failures connected to risk management and risk appraisal were identified. Three main basic issues in risk appraisal were identified: the low perception of emerging risks related to atypical accident scenarios, the lack of knowledge about related events, such as early warnings, and the incapability of current techniques in leading analysts to the identification of atypical scenarios.     

论大数据背景下金融合规管理中的隐私问题及其伦理对策

大数据技术在金融领域的广泛应用,一方面,改善了金融服务;另一方面,由于大数据技术自身的属性而可能导致更多、更大的隐私风险.在这种背景下,金融领域的合规管理面临双重的隐私风险:一是金融实体之业务活动所可能产生的隐私风险,二是合规管理自身所可能产生的隐私风险.因此,为了应对金融领域中合规管理所可能遭遇的隐私问题,也就需要有两个方面的伦理对策:一是针对金融实体全部业务活动中隐私风险的伦理对策,二是针对有权接触、利用金融客户数据、信息的合规管理人员的伦理对策.除了基本的伦理对策之外,为了使得柔性的伦理对策不至于成为花瓶般的摆设,有必要为其设置相应的制度保障.