Assessment of the sustainable development of rural minority settlements based on multidimensional data and geographical detector method: A case study in Dehong,China

In a developing country, paying attention to the sustainable development of rural areas is conducive to the development of the entire country. Ethnic minority areas are an important part of China's economic and social development. Owing to a lack of relevant statistical data, most previous studies in this area have focused on the sustainable development of rural areas or the development of ethnic minorities, but have not studied the sustainable development of rural ethnic minorities. The development of rural ethnic minorities is worthy of attention. In this study, we took Dehong as the study area. First used toponyms to accurately identify the rural minority areas and then calculated a grid of settlement density. Second, we considered the digital number (DN) value of the visible infrared imaging radiometer suite (VIIRS) as a measure of the development of the region and digital elevation model (DEM), net primary productivity (NPP), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and gross domestic product (GDP) data as the indicators of terrain, climate, ecological, and economic factors, respectively. Finally, linear regression and the geographical detector method were used to determine the weight of the factors for constructing a sustainable development index (SDI) to quantitatively analyze the sustainable development and influencing factors of each minority nationality. The factors evaluated using linear regression and the geographical detector method were ranked as follows: NDVI > elevation > GDP > slope > NPP > settlement density. The results demonstrate that of the five main ethnic minorities in Dehong, Dai and Jingpo have higher SDI, followed by Achang, Lisu and De'ang. In addition, we provide some suggestions for ethnic minorities in Dehong.     

吴良镛与人居环境科学

20 0 2年 4月 19— 2 0日 ,中国城市科学研究会与上海城市发展信息研究中心联合在北京就吴良镛学术思想、人居环境与城市景观问题召开专题论坛。会议回顾了从传统建筑学到广义建筑学 ,从城市科学到人居环境科学的发展历程 ,并以此祝贺吴良镛先生八十寿辰。会议分两个阶段进行。首先是报告会。中国城市科学研究会副理事长陈为邦致开幕辞。建设部外事司司长李先逵教授、北京林业大学孟兆祯院士、上海城市科学研究会常务副理事长张绍梁研究员、中国城市科学研究会副理事长张启成研究员、中国外国专家局建筑规划专家饶及人、中国城市科学研究会学术委员袁采堂分别作了学术报告。第二个阶段是大会发言。建设部部长汪光焘 ,两院院士中国城科会理事长周干峙 ,全国人大环资委副主任叶如棠 ,建设部原副部长、中国城市科学研究会副理事长赵宝江 ,上海城市发展信息研究中心主任江绵康讲了话。清华大学教授左川 ,中国城市科学研究会秘书长、研究员顾文选 ,中国城市规划设计研究院邹德慈教授以及来自各地的市长、市委书记、建设厅厅长、建委主任、规划局长、地方城科会负责人等先后发了言。吴良镛院士最后发了言。本刊现刊出吴良镛和周干峙两院士的发言稿 ,以飨读者 ,其他相关文章将用多种形式发表。     

区域规划与人居环境创造

作者结合自身的学术研究实践,总结了我国区域规划工作的新发展.指出,应以问题为导向,以局部的突破与进展,推动区域协调发展;区域规划工作必须尊重区域特性,以创造美好人居环境.     

A dynamic priority rule for scheduling against due-dates

We simulate the performance of a simple production system in which due-dates are set internally. We investigate priority rules aimed at minimizing tardiness, emphasizing a “modified duedate rule” which functions effectively in conjunction with internally-set deadlines and which adapts to both tight and loose conditions in the due-dates. This rule is simple and logical, and shows considerable promise for application in complex production systems.     

A control rule for recruitment planning in engineering consultancy

The most valuable asset of a professional service firm is its people. Owing to the high labor turnover, staffing decision is very critical in its operations. We take engineering consultancy as a professional service and emphasize the importance of developing knowledge stock of skilled consultants in a planned manner for efficient productivity management. Our focus is management of knowledge-mix, which is the mix of consultants at different productivity levels. Our model is designed to determine the steady-state number of consultant-mix to meet demand at a desired service level. This is done through the use of control theory and chance constrained programming.      

A heuristic rule for routing customers to parallel servers

A practically important problem is the assignment of stochastically arriving service requests to one of several parallel service groups so as to minimize the long-run average sojourn time per service request. An exact solution of this multi-dimensional optimization problem is computationally infeasible. A simple heuristic solution method yielding a good suboptimal rule will be given for the case of server groups with different and generally distributed service times. This solution method is based on a decomposition approach and first principles from Markov decision theory. The main idea of the heuristic method is to apply one step of policy improvement to the best Bernoulli-splitting rule.     

玉林市开展"创建"活动纪实

玉林曾是一个历史悠久 ,人杰地灵的千年古州。这里物产丰富 ,商贸发达 ,自古就有“岭南都会”之称 ,是华南地区重要的商品集散地。然而 ,随着时代的变迁 ,她昔日绚丽的光泽 ,早被逐渐淡化、褪化了。1 993年以来 ,玉林市委、市人民政府适应时代的发展要求 ,号召全市人民共同努力 ,积极开展创建“文明城市”、“卫生城市”、“园林城市”、“旅游城市”等活动 ,使玉林又重现了昔日的风采。 1 999年至 2 0 0 1年 ,玉林市先后获得“全国环境综合整治先进城市”、“全国优秀旅游城市”、“全国双拥模范城市”、“广西文明城市”、“广西卫生城市…     

人居环境发展中的五律协同机制研究

人居环境协调发展具有普适规律的典型特征.从环境学的角度分析了自然规律、社会规律、经济规律、技术规律和生态规律对我国传统人居环境发展演化特征的影响,从宏观和微观两个层面探讨了与市场发展相适应的人居环境和谐发展的调控手段.     

世界难题“败家逻辑”

富不过三代？二代？一代？财富和财富能力如何传递下去,是个世界级难题。     

A simple and effective scanning rule for a multi-channel system

We consider a multi-channel system in which one apparatus makes a sequence of observations, one at a time. By means of scanning, i.e. selecting a channel to be analyzed at any instant and deciding to stop at some stage, it is required to determine the channel in which there is the signal with prescribed constraints on error probabilities. A simple scanning rule, based on a cyclic application of a sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) is proposed for this problem. It is proved that in the case of Brownian motion, the expected scanning time of this rule is equal to the one of the optimal scanning rule (which is known only for this case). The simple structure of this rule permits to obtain corrected Brownian approximations for its characteristics in the case of exponential family of distributions. The same procedure is used in multi-channel change point problem.     

Nash-implementation of the weak Pareto choice rule for indecomposable environments

A feasible mechanism is constructed which weakly Nash-implements the weak Pareto choice rule over a certain class of indecomposable pure-exchange environments, where there may be no private goods whose consumption has no external effects. Received: 30 November 1995 / Accepted: 24 June 1997     

A profitable trading rule for net borrowers on settlement Wednesday

Griffiths and Winters (1995) suggest that the rules and regulations of the bank settlement process create incentives such that banks optimizing their reserve account management will borrow on settlement Wednesday to obtain the funds necessary to meet Federal Reserve Board mandated reserves. We develop a trading rule for settlement Wednesday that reduces the cost of borrowing by exploiting the predicted daily trading behavior of the Federal Reserve Open Market Desk. The strategy reduces the cost of borrowing by approximately $43,333 per $1 billion on an annualized basis in simulated trading. Our results reinforce that optimal reserve account management is a function of the rules and regulations governing overnight money markets.     

Majority rule with dollar voting

Consider a majority game in which each player's voting strength is equal to the player's payoff. In this game, wealth is the only source of power, and any coalition with more than half the wealth can take everything. Only extreme concentrations of wealth, in which one player owns everything or two players each own half the total wealth are undominated, and thus constitute the core. However, the stable set (von Neumann-Morgenstern solution) is significantly larger. Allocations in which one player has half the wealth, or which divide the total wealth equally among a number of players equal to a power of two, constitute the unique stable set. The stable set thus provides a formal model of an endogenous balance of power.     

The prison rule in roulette

Summary In many casinoes a bet on even money chances is not immediately lost when a zero falls. Instead, the stake is imprisoned, and the gambler has the options of demanding half his money back or letting the next spins of the wheel decide on the fate of the stake. These options are compared in respect to their winning probabilities by simple recursive methods.     

Up-front payment under RD rule

This paper explores the effect of an up-front payment to contracts under the reliance damage measure. We find that the efficiency in most cases fails, but can be obtained by a high enough total payment to assume away the sellers breach, a high enough up-front payment to ensure that the seller does not sue, and a high enough trading price to ensure the buyers breach when the undesirable state occurs. Edlins device (1996), which has a very low trading price to assume away the buyers breach and a proper up-front payment to entice the seller to sign, fails to achieve the efficiency under the reliance damage measure.Received: 1 May 2002, Accepted: 15 May 2004, JEL Classification: K12, L00, D21Ho-Chyuan Chen: I wish to thank an anonymous referee of this journal for valuable comments.