SWEET本体研究述评

SWEET本体是规范地球科学概念空间的重要本体,也是本体技术应用于地理学的成功案例。SWEET本体的内容基本涵盖了地球系统科学的主要研究范畴,并通过可扩展性设计保证不断增补学科领域的新知识,为实现基于语义网和Web服务（SwS）的e—Science发展奠定了地球系统科学知识重用和资源共享的基础。文章详细阐述了SWEET本体研究与建设的背景、语言基础、建设原则、版本演进、现状与趋势等,旨在为国内本体研究和地理本体相关领域的研究工作提供借鉴。     

存在主义及其心理学方法论蕴涵

存在主义是现代西方哲学舞台上影响最大、流传最广的流派之一,它从揭示人的本真存在出发来阐明存在的意义和方式,进而揭示个人与他人及世界的关系,海德格尔与萨特同为存在主义的杰出代表。存在主义对于西方心理学具有重要的方法论指导意义,为心理学发展带来了新的启示,引起心理学家对主流心理学方法论的反思,促进了心理学方法论的重构。     

基于本体的软件企业知识管理

当前社会处于知识经济时代,有效管理经验知识至关重要。而软件企业作为知识型产业尤为突现出管理知识的重要性。本文通过对软件企业的过程、活动、产品以及人员进行分析,确立了软件企业的知识管理领域本体,采用了OWL(Web本体语言)对本体进行形式化表示,并将所建立的知识管理领域本体运用于软件企业的知识管理系统中。     

On Teasing Out Sociology from Economics

A bstract .   Of the many interesting pieces of information that can be found in Parsons's March 10, 1973 seminar at Brown University, one concerns his relationship to Schumpeter, and it is to this that this brief note is devoted. Parsons and Schumpeter knew each other for some 20 years, and one of the many things that Schumpeter taught Parsons was that one can read the texts of economists for the sociological insights that they contain. In Parsons's formulation from the seminar: "economists must have some sociological ideas."     

"缺乏信任"文化背景下的供应链管理实施

战略合作伙伴关系的形成与社会文化背景及管理哲学有关,在我国这样一个“缺乏信任”文化背景的国度里,战略合作关系的建立并非易事。本文尝试对供应链管理与战略合作之间的关系进行研究,在此基础上,探析在“缺乏信任”的文化背景下如何才能有效地实施供应链管理。     

A web-based system architecture for ontology-based data integration in the domain of IT benchmarking

In the domain of IT benchmarking (ITBM), a variety of data and information are collected. Although these data serve as the basis for business analyses, no unified semantic representation of such data yet exists. Consequently, data analysis across different distributed data sets and different benchmarks is almost impossible. This paper presents a system architecture and prototypical implementation for an integrated data management of distributed databases based on a domain-specific ontology. To preserve the semantic meaning of the data, the ITBM ontology is linked to data sources and functions as the central concept for database access. Thus, additional databases can be integrated by linking them to this domain-specific ontology and are directly available for further business analyses. Moreover, the web-based system supports the process of mapping ontology concepts to external databases by introducing a semi-automatic mapping recommender and by visualizing possible mapping candidates. The system also provides a natural language interface to easily query linked databases. The expected result of this ontology-based approach of knowledge representation and data access is an increase in knowledge and data sharing in this domain, which will enhance existing business analysis methods.     

论“以人为本”社会本体论思想的优越性

以人为本是马克思主义社会本体论思想精髓。马克思主义哲学社会本体论因充分重视人自身的价值,重视人的现实性和社会的时代性,而具有物质本体论与实践本体论所不可比拟的优越性,它是一个真正将自然、人和社会和谐统一起来的本体论思想体系。     

Introduction to Applied Ontology

A bstract . The effort to categorize nature dates at least to Aristotle and is still ongoing. The study of categories is termed "ontology"–a field whose use in the philosophy of social science has most recently been revived. Last April 1998, the State University of New York at Buffalo hosted a conference on "Applied Ontology: A Marvin Farber Conference on Law and Institutions in Society." The following papers were selected from the group of papers presented at the conference.     

Schumpeter,Commons, and Veblen on Institutions

This article compares Schumpeter, Veblen, and Commons with regard to institutions setting up the paradigm of institutional evolutionary economics. Their theories are of a complex nature, and as such, it is very difficult to situate them in a clear‐cut tradition. The main similarity is their opposition to the thesis that market economy is an independent and self‐regulating system, in an attempt to integrate economic, sociological, and political perspectives with regard to the functioning of the system. Also, change per se is in contrast to the notion of equilibrium. Of course, despite the parallels, the existence of differences is undeniable.     

客户服务领域本体建模研究

本体是对领域中的概念及概念间的关系的描述,通过概念之间的关系来描述对象的语义。对客户服务领域知识进行本体建模,有利于知识的共享和检索。本文介绍了本体建模的基本步骤,并结合对客户服务领域知识的分析,给出了客户服务领域的本体模型。     

Patterns of intention: Oberkampf and Knoll as Schumpeterian entrepreneurs

ABSTRACT

Presented here is an analysis of Schumpeter’s interest in political economy, as it relates to his use of history to investigate economic change and capitalism. This aspect of Schumpeter’s work – referring to style and involving a range of moral and aesthetic considerations – is largely neglected in entrepreneurship studies despite his influence on the discipline. This paper argues these considerations are essential to understand Schumpeter’s entrepreneur and the role of creative destruction in rejuvenating capitalism. However, his theory also involves political inclinations and choices, such as elitism and a fear of declinism, both of which are more typical to conservative not destructive worldviews. To illustrate my argument I examine and describe two cases, those of Oberkampf and Knoll, the latter a rough contemporary of Schumpeter. The findings point to the central role of political economy in past and present debates about the political role of entrepreneurship in society, suggesting a need for further attention to the zeitgeist (spirit of the time) in future research.     

Instrumentalism, the Principle of Continuity and the Life Process

A bstract . Instrumentalism and the instrumental logic , as developed and reconstructed by John Dewey, Clarence Ayres , and Jacob Bronowski , is a mode of philosophy exceedingly critical of dualistic, teleological, tautological, and atomistic individualistic biases in philosophy and in economic theory. Instead, it has emphasized processual, contextual, and evolutionary systems of analysis, accentuating conceptual linkages, topological connectivity and joint relationships as a basis of rejecting conceptions of scientific neutrality and intellectual "instruments" forged in an insulating and compartmentalizing style. The principle of continuity becomes the key to the truth process and its directly associated theory of instrumental value. Applying this instrumental philosophy to the critical analysis of the utility theory of value underpinning orthodox economic theory not only exposes the theoretical and philosophical failures of the utility approach but also highlights the strengths of the instrumental logic as a reconstructive tool. The "life process of mankind" is most enhanced by distinguishing truth from falsity and by applying warranted knowledge to the examination of social and economic problems and the power institutions which give them an exacerbated life.     

Embodying information systems: the contribution of phenomenology

This paper presents a case for embodying information systems. That is, for recognizing the fundamental importance of the body in human cognition and social action, and exploring the consequences for information systems and artificial intelligence. Current work within philosophy, biology, cognitive science, and social theory demonstrates that the Cartesian dualism of mind and body is no longer tenable, and points to the embodied and enactive nature of thought and language. Three different approaches to cognition are identified and their underlying philosophies are exemplified by Husserl, Heidegger, and Merleau-Ponty respectively. Sections of the paper cover: a philosophical and biological framework for embodied cognition; the main arguments in favor of the approach; and the implications for information systems and artificial intelligence.     

军事物流业务流引擎应用本体研究

针对定制军事物流业务流引擎时,MLBFE结构要素的语义异构与结构异构问题,引入本体技术,用OWL的类、实例、属性等对MLBFE的结构要素进行声明、约束和注释等,并利用protégé构建了MLBFE应用本体,形成了包含术语本体、业务流程本体、功能环节(事务)本体、功能点本体和业务数据主题本体等体系。     

Richard Whately and the Gospel of Transparency

Whately is a difficult thinker, partly because he is competent in so many disciplines. Joseph Schumpeter, who struggled with Whatley's "elusive" greatness, saw a systematic core in Whately: the force behind Nassau Senior's axiomatics. Whately's contemporaries did not talk of axiomatics, but they did point out that his work depended upon an unusually small number of authorities, that is, Aristotle, Bacon, and Smith. In our interpretation, these foundational sources gave Whately three guiding principles to characterize all human activity: innate sociability, innate self-love, and costly mental activity. Self-love includes a desire to know and a desire to share knowledge. These principles, coupled with a normative principle of fairness, constitute the basis for his science of reciprocal exchange, or catallactics. Violations of fairness motivate his multidimensional reform proposals. For Whately, fairness requires transparency, and the demands of transparency for tractions is literally Gospel.     

A semi-automated system for interoperability assessment: an ontology-based approach

ABSTRACT

A plethora of approaches to assess the ability of companies to interoperate can be found in the literature. Nevertheless, most of the current assessment approaches are following manual-conducted processes, which can be laborious, time-consuming and costly. Therefore, this paper aims at developing a knowledge-based system for supporting an interoperability assessment process using an ontology as its knowledge model. The resulting system allows identifying potential interoperability problems and related solutions based on the knowledge model including information of the assessed enterprise(s). A real business case is presented for evaluating the proposed approach.     

Entrepreneurship,income distribution and economic growth

Traditionally different factors and variables have been considered in the economic growth models. Following Solow’s model, economists considered physical capital and technology during 1950s–1980s. With the introduction of endogenous growth models, new forms of capital were introduced in the production function; human capital, public capital and more recently social capital. However, the consideration of qualitative variables is necessary to improve the economic growth analysis. The improvement of statistical information has favored their introduction in the economic growth models. Recently, “entrepreneurship” concept has been considered in this type of analysis. Entrepreneurship considers the capacity and ability to create new business and production activity. It is an activity not an occupation. Some authors like Schumpeter have included it in their models and they have analysed its effects on economic growth. But it is also necessary to include the role of social climate, that in a schumpterian way it could be represented by income distribution. The main objective of the paper is to analyze the relationship between entrepreneurship, income distribution and economic growth following the ideas developed by Schumpeter and we will contrast them from a empirical analysis using the GEM (Global Entrepreneurship Monitor) data.     

精准建造中以质量为驱动的项目绩效持续度量体系

项目绩效度量是建设工程项目精准建造管理体系中不可或缺的组成部分,目前采用的以赢得值(EV)和计划任务完成率(PPC)尚不足以满足大型复杂建设工程绩效管理的需要,亟待进一步的系统化完善。本文紧紧围绕建设项目精准建造理念,从绩效度量的概念与本质出发,根据复杂建设工程项目绩效度量的需求特征,以质量本体论为核心,描述了以质量为驱动的项目绩效度量体系的构建过程,系统介绍了以质量为驱动的项目绩效度量体系中各要素的数据处理模型,为进一步构建以质量为驱动的项目绩效管理系统奠定了基础。     

论价值提升角度下现代远程开放教育的创新发展

现代远程开放教育的持续发展只有加强创新,才能不断提升教育的社会价值。创新体现为教育制度创新、多样化发展教育创新、课程创新、教育形式与方法创新、教育评价创新等多种方式。电大开放教育办学的目标就是办开放大学,教育创新对向开放大学转型有促进办学理念从封闭型向开放型转变,教学和科研相结合实现从掌握科学文化知识向培养学生创新精神的转变,促进了开放教育中"以人为本"管理观的形成等三方面重要作用。     

Towards a Personal Knowledge of Economic History

A bstract . Our intellectual heritage from the Polanyi Brother: Michael, the scientist-philosopher, and karl, the economic historian, is explicated. Michael Polanyi's Post-critical philosophy of personal Knowledge is explained and analyzed.
Michael Polanyi applied his philosophy to develop a powerful historical epistemology and methodology. The classic economic history. The Great Transformation , by Karl Polanyi is analyzed and interpreted as a prototypical example of a historical work which utilized and applied Michael Polanyi's historical epistemology and methodology. It is concluded that the Polanyi Brothers have developed a powerful historical epistemology and have applied their methodology to expand historical knowledge beyond the limits of the "new" economic history.