Efficiency in banking services: a comparative analysis of Internet-primary and branching banks in the US

This paper investigates the provision of financial services by banks as a two-stage production process involving three different basic activities. The first stage includes service activities, while the second stage comprises both investment-related and risk management activities. Financial services performance is assessed in terms of service efficiency and investment and risk management efficiency for years 2002–2010. The major empirical findings are that the Internet-primary bank is more efficient than most branching banks in deposit-raising activities, but with regard to investment and risk management activities, there are many brick-and-mortar banks that match the online bank performance.     

An Empirical Analysis of Bank Mergers and Cost Efficiency in Taiwan

This study compiled input and output panel data of 46 commercial banks in Taiwan during the period from 1997 to 1999 and used the two-stage method to evaluate the effects of bank mergers on bank efficiency. Generally speaking, a bank’s cost efficiency would be improved if the bank mergers happened between banks with different culture backgrounds. On the other hand, if the mergers happened between homogeneous banks, there would be little financial innovation and the cost efficiency would be unsubstantially improved. Another finding is that small banks have superior performance than larger banks in Taiwan. Also, efficiency would seem to dictate against merger mania.     

武汉市设立社区银行的需求分析

社区银行具有市场定位优势、地缘文化优势和运营机制优势,为此结合武汉市社会经济现状和长远规划,从金融体系的健全、产业结构优化与调整、创业经济发展、城市区域建设和居民金融服务的需求等角度分析武汉市发展社区银行的现实需求及其重要意义,同时指出发展社区银行应注意其规模要与竞争优势相适应,并且要创造出适宜社区银行发展的良好的制度环境。     

Determinants of connectedness in financial institutions: Evidence from Taiwan

This study estimates the interconnectedness among financial holding companies (FHCs) in Taiwan to identify its determinants. Using the Diebold and Yilmaz's (2012) measure, we find that larger directional connectedness stems from state-owned FHCs, indicating their dominant role in transmitting systemic risk. In addition, we find that bank performance and monetary policy both play an important role in financial connectedness. Finally, we show that syndicated loans may affect interconnectedness because the arranger bank transmits systemic risk to other participating banks.     

Female leadership and bank performance in Latin America

This paper examines the relationship between gender diversity in corporate boards and executive positions and bank risk and performance in Latin America. Our sample covers 91 individual banks during 2000–2017. Our results suggest that banks with a higher proportion of female executives tend to have lower Z-scores than male-led banks. However, female-led banks are more profitable. Our results provide new information related to the debate on the relationship between gender-based behavioural differences and financial decisions by showing that Latin American banks with a higher proportion of female executives are riskier and more profitable than male-led banks. Given the impact of bank performance on the international economy, the global interconnection of financial institutions, and the lack of legal protection in this region, it is of interest for regulators and policy makers to analyse possible sources of better performance and governance in Latin American banks.     

民营化、国有化与中国国有银行改革

国有银行自上世纪70年代中期以来出现了民营化的国际趋势,一些国家因此发生了银行危机.而此前全球曾有过国有化浪潮.虽然国有银行效率比民营银行低,但经验研究却表明,国有银行与银行危机之间没有或很少有因果关系;而且由于有政府信誉担保不易发生挤兑.中国国有银行改革过程实际上是政府逐步放弃控制权的过程,但切不可因效率而忽视金融稳定;简单地依靠所有权变更无法解决国有银行脆弱性问题;而且,与境外战略投资者合作时要谨防金融主权失控风险.     

Financial underdevelopment,distorted lending and export market survival

This paper examines the impact of financial development on exporter survival in foreign markets with Chinese firm-level data over the period 1998–2008. We measure financial development using the size, lending efficiency, term structure of bank loans and degree of state intervention in financial resource allocation, respectively. We find that a larger scale and greater efficiency of bank lending and less state intervention facilitate while the relative abundance of long-term credit deteriorates exporter survival. These effects are more pronounced for private exporters compared with state-owned exporters. For foreign-invested exporters, weakened state intervention is of relatively great importance. We attribute this disproportional impact to the government's intervention in funding investment and the distortional lending of banks, which varies across regions and industries with different levels of presence of state-owned enterprises.     

South shore bank: Is it the model of success for community development banks?

South Shore Bank, the country's first community development bank, began in 1973 with the dual objectives of making a profit and improving conditions in the community of South Shore, Chicago. Although the bank has been hailed as a success, there has been little work on defining or measuring its performance against either objective. This article compares the bank's financial performance against comparable banks (holding companies) and the demographic changes in the South Shore community against changes in the contiguous communities. The results suggest that both the bank and the community exhibit worse relative performance. Additional research is needed to verify these results and to determine how to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of community development banks. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

行政处罚对银行风险承担的影响：仅罚机构还是兼罚责任人？

立足于我国监管部门大力整治银行业市场乱象的现状，文章系统梳理了不同类型行政处罚对银行风险承担的影响机制，并利用手工整理的2008-2018年银行行政处罚数据，对理论假说进行实证检验。经验结果显示，“仅机构处罚”不能显著降低银行风险承担水平，“双罚”可以有效抑制银行风险承担，并且这种抑制作用具有长期效应。异质性检验表明，“双罚”对大银行、国有银行和全国性银行风险的抑制作用更明显。机制检验发现,减少理财产品、同业业务等影子银行规模是“双罚”降低银行风险承担的重要渠道。研究还发现，随着责任人处罚严厉程度的上升，“双罚”对银行风险承担的抑制效果越好。政策启示在于，加大责任人问责力度，整治影子银行乱象，是监管部门防范银行风险的关键所在。     

The effect of language use on the financial performance of microfinance banks: Evidence from cross-border activities in 74 countries

This multi-year study examines the relationship between financial performance and language use, observing 405 partnerships between microfinance banks and their international financial partners in 74 countries. Drawing on language research in international business, we find that microfinance banks based in English-speaking, French-speaking, and Spanish-speaking countries have higher performance. Furthermore, the linguistic distance between the home country of a microfinance bank and the home country of its international partner(s) is negatively related to its financial performance. Our large-scale study confirms the effect of language use on organization-level financial performance and extends research on language in multinationals from intra-firm to inter-firm relationships.     

Bank board network and financial stability in emerging markets

This study finds that the board network is related to improvements in the financial stability of banks given by asset quality, insolvency risk and volatility of profits. Further, the board network is more critical for the private sector banks in India. The board network also improves the performance of banks, providing evidence in favor of the integrated resource dependence view of the board. Well-connected boards increase information availability and reduce the information asymmetry between the bank and its borrower. For financial firms, restricting the number of directorial positions for bank directors may not have any desirable effect on bank outcomes.     

Cross-border banking,credit access,and the financial crisis

We study the sensitivity of credit supply to bank financial conditions in 16 emerging European countries before and during the financial crisis. We use survey data on 10,701 applicant and non-applicant firms that enable us to disentangle effects driven by positive and negative shocks to the banking system from demand shocks that may vary across lenders. We find strong evidence that firms' access to credit was affected by changes in the financial conditions of their banks. During the crisis firms were more credit constrained if they were dealing with banks that experienced a decline in equity and Tier 1 capital, as well as losses on financial assets. We also find that access to credit reflects the balance sheet conditions of foreign parent banks. The effect of positive and negative shocks to a bank is greater for riskier firms and firms with fewer tangible assets.     

Ownership Reform,Foreign Competition and Efficiency of Chinese Commercial Banks: A Non‐parametric Approach

Since China joined the World Trade Organization in 2001, the pressure for bank reforms has mounted as China ought to have fully opened up its financial market to foreign competition by 2006. Efficiency is key for domestic banks to survive in a liberalised environment, but it appears that the last hope for raising bank efficiency is through ownership reform. Whether ownership reform and foreign competition can solve China's banking problem remains to be tested. This paper aims to answer this question using a non‐parametric approach to analyse the efficiency changes of 15 large commercial banks during 1998–2005. We find that ownership reform and foreign competition have forced Chinese commercial banks to improve performance, as their total factor productivity rose by 5.6 per cent per annum. This coincides with the recent bullish Chinese stock markets led by three listed state‐owned commercial banks. Despite such encouraging results, we remain cautious about the future of Chinese banks, as the good results may have been artificially created with massive government support and the fundamentals of the banks may be still weak.     

What Makes German Banks Different

The past few years have seen a revival in the academic debate over the economic functions of German banks. This paper takes the position that large non-financial firms have become highly autonomous of the banks, and the corporate governance role of banks, while still important, is much less significant than widely presumed. German banks, however, do fulfill certain economic functions to a greater degree and in a different manner than banks in other countries. These bank functions of long-term commercial financing, comprehensive management consulting, and supporting diversified quality production strategies are made possible by the institutional character of the banking system itself and the institutional context in which it operates. A complex web of government laws, regulations, and government financial aid combine with bank group competition to create an extensive and successful financial support system for German SMEs. This system faces various adjustment challenges — from international financial market integration to EU regulatory harmonization — but it has thus far managed to adapt while sustaining its core functions.     

商业银行中财务合规存在的风险及其防范措施

近年来,商业银行对其资金以及管理方面存在的风险的重视程度逐渐的提升,而在所有的风险之中,其银行所具有的财务合规方面的风险是基本性风险,需要对其给予高度的重视,才可以实现对风险的良好防范,从而实现商业银行的快速发展。文章主要研究分析了目前商业银行财务合规风险的种类及对不同的风险进行防范的措施,能够对银行的健康发展起到一定的积极作用。     

村镇银行对湘西州经济发展影响的实证分析——以湘西长沙银行村镇银行为例

依据湘西长沙银行2011、2012年以及2013年大部分数据探究村镇银行对当地经济发展影响,结果显示:村镇银行金融发展与湘西州经济增长之间存在长期稳定关系,并呈现出对当地经济增长具有一定的促进作用;且金融发展规模的提高会促进经济的增长。但经济增长在显著水平上没有拒绝原假设,说明湘西州经济增长不是金融发展规模扩大、金融结构优化、金融效率提升的原因;甚至村镇银行金融效率对当地经济增长还会产生负面影响。村镇银行的金融结构亟待优化,金融效率亟待提升。届时,不断扩大的金融发展规模才能更好地促进湘西州经济增长。     

Bank Performance and Credit Availability in the Bulgarian Banking Sector, 1997-2001

Abstract

The 1997 financial crisis wiped out 30% of the Bulgarian banking sector and created severe strains on corporations. With the establishment of the currency board in 1997 and the new Banking Law, which set the legal framework for proper bank supervision, major Bulgarian banks were rapidly privatized through sales to foreigners, now controlling around 80% of bank assets. Since 1997, the Bulgarian banking sector has recovered from the crisis by improving its profitability and efficiency and adopted a legal framework compatible with the European Union standards. Based on a regression analysis of bank balance sheets and income statements, this paper shows that low level of credit volume during 1997-1999 derived from banks' cautious stance towards credit making reflecting both the ongoing risks in the real sector, and the stringent new banking regulations. Large banks, however, benefited from scale economies in improving profitability in the same period.     

The impact of mergers in banking : Evidence from a nationwide sample of federally chartered banks

Spurred by deregulation, cost, and risk factors, commercial bank mergers have accelerated sharply in recent years. Many banks appear to be positioning themselves for the advent of interstate banking through holding company or reciprocal branching arrangements. Yet, the performance effects of mergers among operating U.S. banks (as opposed to holding company acquisitions) have been examined both infrequently and inconclusively. This study focuses upon the characteristics and performance effects of national bank mergers occurring during the 1970–1980 period. Acquiring national banks were found to have lower operating efficiency and productivity than nonmerging banks and their profitability did not increase following the mergers, but credit availability, productivity, loan losses, deposit service charges, and interest-rate risk did rise. Frequency of merger activity did not significantly influence bank profitability or growth, but did augment stockholder risks and increase business and real-estate credit. In the aggregate, national bank mergers appeared to result neither in significant service benefits nor in significant service costs to the public.Spurred by deregulation of the industry, rising cost pressures, and increased operating risk, merger transactions among U.S. banks have soared in recent years. During the 1982–1986 period, for example, banking led all other industries in the number of consummated mergers and consistently was among the ten leading U.S. industries in the estimated market value of merger agreements. Moreover, the recent upsurge in reciprocal interstate banking agreements and proposals for fully legalized interstate banking hold out the prospect for a further acceleration in bank merger transactions in the years ahead. In view of the fact that legislation in more than 30 states now permits some form of interstate banking by merger or de novo entry and a June 1985 ruling of the U.S. Supreme Court has legitimized regional banking compacts, the public and private impact of bank mergers becomes of much greater importance as a research focus.Despite the magnitude of recent bank merger transactions and their implications for the public, the research literature in this area is surprisingly meager and often contradictory. This article is an attempt to focus more sharply on recent research findings, provide additional evidence concerning the effects of mergers on the financial performance of banks, and assess their impact on the public's interest in an adequate supply of financial services.     

金融结构演变、货币政策与银行风险承担异质性

基于2002-2017年165家银行的面板数据,本文采用可行广义最小二乘(FGLS)方法实证检验金融结构演变视角下货币政策对银行风险承担渠道的影响。研究发现:金融结构的变化对银行风险承担具有显著影响,随着直接融资占比的上升,银行资产端风险承担显著减少,但负债端风险承担显著增加;控制住金融结构的作用之后,货币政策对银行资产端风险承担和负债端风险承担也具有显著的异质性影响,具体来说,价格型货币政策的紧缩使得银行资产端风险承担显著减少而导致银行负债端风险承担显著增加,数量型货币政策的紧缩则使得银行资产端风险承担和负债端风险承担同时减少;此外,货币政策与金融结构对银行风险承担具有显著的交互影响,随着直接融资占比的上升,价格型货币政策工具对银行资产端风险承担的影响减弱,对银行负债端风险承担的影响没有表现出显著变化,数量型货币政策工具对银行资产端风险承担和负债端风险承担的影响都受到削弱。研究结论的政策含义对货币当局、监管部门以及商业银行都具有重要意义。     

银证战略联盟:混业经营的一种替代模式

国内目前在推行分业经营体制下 ,已有的金融混业过度模式包括金融控股公司模式、银行控股模式和实业资本控股金融机构模式。分析对比这些模式提出银证战略联盟模式具有相对优势 ,战略联盟模式是更具普遍意义的混业经营过渡模式。