行为金融学视角下的股票市场动量效应和反转效应形成机制

本文针对我国股票市场出现的动量效应与反转效应现象,通过行为金融学中的BSV投资者心态模型,将投资者在投资中出现的偏差划分为保守性偏差与代表性偏差,对动量效应与反转效应的利润形成机制进行分析,为投资者提供一定参考。     

行为金融学视角下的股票市场动量效应和反转效应形成机制

本文针对我国股票市场出现的动量效应与反转效应现象,通过行为金融学中的BSV投资者心态模型,将投资者在投资中出现的偏差划分为保守性偏差与代表性偏差,对动量效应与反转效应的利润形成机制进行分析,为投资者提供一定参考。     

经济周期、投资者心理偏差与资产定价

新兴的行为资产定价理论存在的重大缺陷是未全面、系统地研究投资者心理偏差的变动机理和行为偏差的形成根源,以及它们对资产定价的影响,从而削弱了模型的解释力。投资者心理偏差随经济周期动态变化,不同周期阶段下呈现出不同态势(方向或强度),使得人们相应产生各种非理性程度不一的投资预期,进而导致资产价格偏离基础价值。而这种偏离又会反作用于投资者心理偏差与经济周期波动,从而相互影响,不规则地循环反复。文章将投资者心理偏差置于经济周期这一宏观背景下,提出"经济周期-心理偏差-行为偏差-资产定价"的研究新思路,以期揭示心理偏差影响下投资者行为与资产定价之间的作用与反作用机理,打开"心理偏差-资产定价"的"过程黑箱"。     

投资者有限理性行为的认知、心理基础

行为金融目前已经成为金融研究和实践的前沿领域。本文通过对国内外投资者有限理性行为的相关研究进行梳理,对投资者认知偏差和心理偏差进行分析,得到一个结论：只有准确把握有限理性投资者的各种认知、心理偏差,才能更深入理解市场异象和行为金融模型、优化投资决策。     

投资者情绪是导致我国投资者对市场信息出现反应偏差的原因吗：基于贝叶斯分位数回归模型的研究

本文使用贝叶斯分位数回归模型实证分析包含投资者情绪的投资者最优选择模型,结果表明：投资者情绪对于股票收益率存在非线性的正向影响,这是造成投资者对于市场信息出现反应偏差的一个重要原因.同时,市场信息和投资者情绪指标对于我国股票收益率都有着较大的影响作用;当股票出现不同涨跌幅时,市场信息对于股票收益率的影响有着较大的差异性.而考虑了投资者情绪指标之后,投资者对于市场信息的反应偏差明显减小,说明投资者情绪是造成我国投资者对于市场信息出现过度反应和反应不足的重要原因.我国投资者应该树立起良好的投资意识和心态,避免潜在的投资损失.     

基于投资者心理偏差的资产定价研究框架

不断出现的资产收益可预测性现象逐渐动摇了研究者对投资者完全理性假设的信心,运一聂鬲心理研究成果引入资产定价领域,假设投资者有限理性和存在实际决策偏差,基于投资者心理偏差的资产定价模型从不同角度将资本市场中出现的异常现象与投资者的行为联系起来。回顾近几年资产定价理论研究的转变,对资产定价理论的最新研究成果及其理论基础进行总结和评述．以期进一步明晰研究发展方向和促进资产定价理论发展。     

信息与股票市场效率性之关系

信息深切地影响股票资本市场的投资者心理与行为，而投资者心理与行为的差异，体现在股票市场的价格变化；由于预期信息、非预期信息与隐含信息的影响，使股票市场呈现效率性反应、延迟反应或过度反应。     

有限理性投资者的投资偏差分析

股票市场中的个体投资者是有限理性的，并且普遍存在投资偏差问题。这种偏差包括投资者对股票价格波动的认知偏差、投资者对股票价值的估计偏差、投资者对风险和收益的管理偏差和投资者在股票交易过程中的操作偏差。研究股票市场中个体投资者的投资偏差问题，对提高我国股市投资者的理性程度以及推进我国股票市场的发展都很有裨益。     

融资融券投资者常见心理偏差分析

融资融券交易在中国证券市场推出以来,发展迅速,其特有的亏损放大风险和强制平仓风险,应引起投资者高度重视;部分融资融券投资者具有一定的心理偏差,导致其可能遭受投资风险。本文总结了实践中融资融券投资者常见的心理偏差,包括过度自信、倾向性效应和沉没成本效应等,进一步分析了这些心理偏差是如何影响投资决策、加大投资风险以及对投资绩效造成不利影响的。最后,本文提出了防范、战胜心理偏差的三点意见:加强对融资融券交易规则的学习;端正心态,放弃短期暴利思想,追求持续稳定的盈利;制定并执行严格的操作纪律。     

融资融券投资者常见心理偏差分析

融资融券交易在中国证券市场推出以来,发展迅速,其特有的亏损放大风险和强制平仓风险,应引起投资者高度重视;部分融资融券投资者具有一定的心理偏差,导致其可能遭受投资风险。本文总结了实践中融资融券投资者常见的心理偏差,包括过度自信、倾向性效应和沉没成本效应等,进一步分析了这些心理偏差是如何影响投资决策、加大投资风险以及对投资绩效造成不利影响的。最后,本文提出了防范、战胜心理偏差的三点意见:加强对融资融券交易规则的学习;端正心态,放弃短期暴利思想,追求持续稳定的盈利;制定并执行严格的操作纪律。     

信息不对称、过度自信与股价变动

信息传导的非同步和投资者情绪变化是股票市场的两个典型特征,前者会引发投资者之间出现信息不对称问题,后者主要体现为投资者过度自信,两者共同作用影响股票价格变动。本文将信息不对称和投资者过度自信情绪置于同一个分析框架,建立两阶段动态序贯定价理论模型研究现实市场上信息传导过程中股价变动的内在机制。结果表明:(1)面临新信息的进入,投资者对股票收益预期的调整与均衡价格之间具有正相关关系;(2)面临有利消息时,过度自信投资者比例越大,股票的均衡价格越高,投资收益将越低;面临不利消息时则相反;(3)随着过度自信投资者比例以及过度自信程度升高,市场风险溢价将下降;(4)投资者群体在信息传导过程中出现分化,对股价变动形成异质信念,未获取信息和获取信息但未出现过度自信的投资者认为股价被高估,获取信息且出现过度自信的投资者认为价格被低估,促使更多的交易,引发市场成交量和股价变动;(5)过度自信投资者比例与过度自信程度提高均会对市场效率产生正向影响,而对市场深度具有负向效应。最后,基于理论结果对非对称性和持续性等典型的市场波动性特征进行解释。     

中国股市羊群效应的区制转移时变性研究

传统研究采用静态CCK模型检验股票市场的羊群效应,但无法描述羊群行为的动态变化以及市场可能受到的外部影响。本文基于中国股市日频交易数据,在静态CCK模型中引入参数的区制转移性质识别股市在不同状态间的转换,并分析中国股市羊群效应和交叉羊群效应的时变特征。研究表明,中国股市运行周期可被划分为两个区制,分别呈现低波动和高波动的行情特征;羊群效应的程度随区制转移而变化,具有区制依存性。其中,沪深股市在高(低)波动区制中,羊群效应更强(弱),相应区制持续时间较短(长);中国台湾股市仅在高波动区制中出现羊群效应,相应区制持续时间较短;中国香港股市无论在低波动区制或是高波动区制中,均不存在羊群效应。此外,沪深A股在低波动区制中对美国股市和中国香港股市存在交叉羊群效应。     

What Determines the Domestic Bias and Foreign Bias? Evidence from Mutual Fund Equity Allocations Worldwide

We examine how mutual funds from 26 developed and developing countries allocate their investment between domestic and foreign equity markets and what factors determine their asset allocations worldwide. We find robust evidence that these funds, in aggregate, allocate a disproportionately larger fraction of investment to domestic stocks. Results indicate that the stock market development and familiarity variables have significant, but asymmetric, effects on the domestic bias (domestic investors overweighting the local markets) and foreign bias (foreign investors under or overweighting the overseas markets), and that economic development, capital controls, and withholding tax variables have significant effects only on the foreign bias.     

News release and the role of different types of investors

We examine how investors react to positive and negative news in the Chinese stock market. We show that positive news is followed by a reversal in stock price, while negative news reports are accompanied by a drift. Using a unique account-level dataset, we find that institutional investors' attention bias contributes to the market's absorption process for different types of news, which is different from the conclusion that the phenomenon is driven by retail investors in the U.S. market. We explain the differences between the two markets as the short-sale constraints induce the attention bias of institutional investors in China. Individual investors are not able to correctly judge the content of news reports, and act as a liquidity provider. We highlight the market regulation plays an important role in the process of investors analyzing information.     

中国金融周期与横向关联:时空双维度相结合视角

宏观审慎政策关注各金融子市场在时间维度上的金融周期和空间维度上的横向关联。本文结合时间维度与空间维度视角,使用股票市场、货币市场、房地产市场以及信贷市场的数据,测算2001—2019年中国金融周期和横向关联的波动特征、作用关系与频域叠加机理。研究结果表明:时间维度金融周期与空间维度横向关联的波动趋势具有一致性。我国金融周期长度约为10.33年,横向关联波动周期的长度约为10.58年。从作用关系上看,首先,我国房地产周期达到波峰后,会对股票市场和信贷市场产生较强的溢出效应。随后,股市周期达到波峰后,会向房地产市场和信贷市场产生较强的溢出效应。最后,我国信贷市场接受股票市场和房地产市场溢出后,信贷周期会逐渐达到波峰。从频域叠加机理的角度看,我国金融子市场间横向关联的波动主要由中低频波段驱动,中低频波段横向关联的持续期在2个月以上。     

Stock exchange competition in a simple model of capital market equilibrium

This paper uses a simple model of mean-variance capital markets equilibrium with proportional transactions costs to analyze the competition of stock markets for investors. We assume that equity trading is costly and endogenize transactions costs as variables strategically influenced by stock exchanges. Among other things, the model predicts that increasing financial market correlation leads to a decrease of transaction costs, an increase in cross-border trading activity, and to a decrease in the home bias of international equity flows. These predictions are consistent with the recent evolution of international stock markets.     

The informativeness of domestic and foreign investors’ stock trades: Evidence from the perfectly segmented Chinese market

This paper uses the perfect market segmentation setting in China's stock market to compare the information content of the stock trades of domestic and foreign investors. We study 76 firms that issue both A-shares (for domestic investors) and B-shares (for foreign investors) and compare the price discovery role of the two segmented markets in China. Before Feb 19, 2001, the A-share market led the B-share market in price discovery, as the signed volume and quote revision of the A-share market had strong predictive ability for B-share quote returns, but not vice versa. After Feb 19, 2001, because some domestic investors were allowed to invest in the B-share market, we find evidence for a reverse causality from the B-share to the A-share market. Nevertheless, the [Hasbrouck (1995). One security, many markets: determining the contributions to price discovery, Journal of Finance 50, 1175–1199.] information share analysis reveals that A-shares continue to dominate the price discovery process.     

Asset pricing in China's domestic stock markets: Is there a logic?

China's stock markets have grown rapidly since their inception and have become an increasingly important emerging market for international investors. However, there are few systematic studies on how asset prices are formed in Chinese domestic equity markets; popular financial media even depict the market as irrational. In this paper, we study the asset pricing mechanism in the nascent Chinese stock markets, with the objective of identifying variables that capture the cross-sectional variation in average stock returns. We focus on the effects of various market imperfections in China. We find that while the market risk (beta) is not priced, there is a significantly negative relationship between firm-specific risk and expected returns. Chinese investors are willing to pay a significant premium for more liquid stocks or for dividend-paying stocks. Furthermore, investors value local A-shares more if there are offshore counterparts (e.g., B- and H-shares) for foreigners, implying that a Chinese firm with a foreign shareholder base has a lower cost of capital, ceteris paribus. Lastly, as with U.S. and other mature markets, firm size and the book-to-market ratio are systematically related to stock returns. Given market imperfections, stocks are priced rather rationally in China, despite the widespread perception to the contrary.     

The impact of the Arab Spring and the Ebola outbreak on African equity mutual fund investor decisions

Financial development and stock markets have been widely considered to be key factors in economic growth. Among institutional investors, mutual funds play a key role in providing financial resources to stock markets, particularly in developing countries. Different from other investments, mutual fund flows could be affected by retail investors’ behavior and their overreaction to specific events. We considered 78 equity mutual funds that are geographically specialized in African countries and observed monthly flows and performance for the period of 2006–2015. We find that two major events, Ebola and the Arab Spring, significantly affected the fund flows, controlling for fund performance, expenses and market returns. Retail investors over-reacted to these major events, withdrawing their savings from the African mutual funds. This result is particularly strong when connected to the media coverage of these events: the higher the number of articles about Arab Spring and Ebola, the higher the withdrawals. These irrational investors’ behavior damaged the funds’ managers market timing ability, and reduced the equity capital injection into African stock markets. Our results have several implications for both holders of frontier market mutual funds and the overall asset management industry.