基于DEA模型的我国农业科技创新投入产出分析

根据我国农业科技投入方向、力度、比重、创新产出水平,建立了基于DEA的农业科技投入产出评价模型,分析了农业科技创新投入产出效率。通过该模型对我国粮食主产区和非主产区的科技投入产出效率进行了量化分析,得到了各地区农业科技投入产出效率情况。研究结果表明,我国部分地区的农业科技投入产出处于非DEA有效状态,在很大程度上是由于投入规模不当和产出不足。因此,加大农业科技投入规模和提升资源产出效率是提高我国农业科技投入产出效率的关键。     

黄河经济带科技创新水平测度研究——基于DEA、SBM

运用数据包络分析中的CCR模型、BCC模型对黄河经济带11个省市科技创新的相对效率进行测度;运用SBM模型对变量松弛的测度结果进行修正,并对非DEA有效的决策单元进行目标改进;运用SBM超效率模型解决了具有相同效率值的不同省市的排序问题。得出结论如下:北京、天津、山东三省市表现出较高的技术有效性,其他8个省区(河北、山西、内蒙、河南、陕西、甘肃、青海、宁夏)均表现出一定程度的技术相对无效和规模相对无效;非SBM有效的决策单元主要集中在黄河中上游地区;黄河经济带的科技资源配置效率不高,在一定程度上表现为非SBM有效区域存在比较普遍的科技投入冗余现象。     

基于决策偏好两阶段网络DEA的我国科技投入效率研究

考虑到我国科技投入产出过程是由技术生产和技术改造与应用两阶段构成,构建两阶段科技投入模型,采用两阶段网络DEA模型分别评价各子系统效率,并得出系统总效率。据此方法,对我国内地31个省、市、自治区的科技投入绩效进行评价,同时针对决策者各个阶段的不同偏好,提出了基于不同决策偏好的新型两阶段网络DEA模型,为决策者提供了更多选择。评价结果显示,科技投入产出绩效存在地区差异。     

创新型城市创新效率评价与投入冗余分析

推动创新型城市建设,是我国实施创新驱动发展战略的重要抓手。运用数据包络分析方法（DEA）,综合考虑创新的经济产出、科技产出和社会环境效益,构建CCR和BCC模型,测算了2013- 2014年53个国家创新型试点城市的综合效率及其分解的纯技术效率和规模效益,对非DEA有效城市的投入冗余进行了对比和原因分析,并根据创新型试点城市创新效率测算结果,提出了推进创新型城市建设的政策建议。     

基于Malmquist指数法的我国农业科技创新效率实证分析

采用非参数DEA的曼奎斯特(Malmquist)指数法,对1990—2008年我国农业科技创新效率进行了测算,并对2006—2008年我国30个省、直辖市和自治区的农业科技创新效率进行了区域比较。研究表明,1990—2008年,我国农业科技创新效率年平均增长率和累积增长率分别为3%和154.5%。其中,农业技术进步年均增长率和累积增长率分别为2.4%和143.9%,农业技术效率年均增长率和累积增长率分别仅为0.1%和102.1%。从区域结构看,辽、闽、鲁、晋、吉、赣、豫、蒙、滇、陕、甘11个省区的农业科技创新效率呈现负增长,其余的19个省份的农业科技创新效率均呈现正增长,区域农业科技创新效率存在着显著差异。     

我国区域科技创新绩效分析

客观、准确、全面评价区域科技创新绩效对建设区域创新体系有重要的理论及实际意义。收集了2000—2009年我国31个地区的科技创新投入、产出数据,用DEA方法分析了各地区科技创新绩效,总结了我国科技创新绩效的总体趋势及阶段性变化情况,分析了我国科技创新绩效的区域特点,发现东部地区科技创新绩效显著高于中西部地区。最后,对区域科技创新有效性与科技进步环境之间的相关性进行了分析,进一步探析了区域科技创新绩效差异的原因,并提出了相应的对策。     

高校科技创新与地区经济发展

本文通过采用拓展了的Network-DEA分析法,选取2009—2013年的全国高校科研数据作为研究样本,对我国省际高校科技创新对地区经济发展的支撑作用进行经验分析.研究表明,全国省际高校科技创新对地区经济发展的支撑作用普遍偏低.从总体看,我国高校科技创新对经济发展的支撑作用存在明显的区域分化特征,东部地区明显高于中西部地区.此外,高校科技创新对地区经济发展的支撑作用不仅取决于创新要素的投入,还受制于高校科技创新成果的转化率,而高校科技创新成果转化率普遍偏低是制约高校科技创新对地区经济发展实现有效支撑的主要原因.     

基于DEA模型的西部区域科技投入产出效率分析

“十二五”时期,我国西部区域处于大有作为的重要战略机遇期。西部大开发战略坚持以科学发展观为指导,不断深化科技投入对地区经济和社会发展的带动作用。在总结已有研究文献成果的基础上,建立了西部区域科技投入产出效率评价指标体系,并以DEA模型为主要分析工具对西部区域12个省、市、自治区的科技投入产出效率进行了局部和全局性的比照分析,最后,对西部区域科技产业发展提出了一些建议。     

基于价值链的科技投入及成果转化效率分析

运用基于价值链效率评价的DEA模型,对2003～2004年我国大陆31个省、自治区和直辖市的科技投入产出及科技成果转化效率进行了分析。分析结果表明:80.64%的地区在科技投入产出阶段是有效的,但仅有16.13%的地区在成果转化阶段是有效的。这一事实表明,相对于科技投入效率而言,科技成果的转化效率更应引起注视;同时,忽略中间变量的科技投入及成果转化的整体有效性,并不意味着在科技投入产出及科技成果转化两个阶段的有效性。     

国家创新型县（市）创新效率测度变化及影响因素研究

建设国家创新型县（市）是我国全面实施创新驱动发展战略、推动县域经济创新发展的重要举措。选取全国50个首批国家创新型县（市）作为研究对象,运用DEA模型和Malmquist指数法,对2017-2019年创新型县（市）的科技创新效率进行静态与动态分析,并利用Tobit回归模型分析创新效率影响因素。研究结果显示：2017-2019年我国县域科技创新效率整体表现较好,从各项指标看,创新型县（市）的综合技术效率、纯技术效率、规模效率和全要素生产率不断提升,说明3年来国家创新型县（市）科技创新态势持续向好;创新平台、创新主体、教育经费、创新政策均与县域科技创新水平呈显著正相关性,但经济发展水平对创新型县（市）科技创新效率的影响不大。     

我国房地产税制的现状及改革构想

房地产税制是维护房地产市场公平竞争，实现国家对房地产业宏观调控的有力杠杆。然而，我国现行的房地产税制却存在税费不分、税制不统一、税制结构不合理等诸多问题。严重影响了其对房地产业应有的宏观调控作用。因此，适时地推进房地产税制的改革应是当务之急，应统一内外税制，合理界定税费的范围，建立统一、规范、合理的房地产税收体系。     

上海生态农业发展影响因素研究

文章分析了上海生态农业发展的影响因素,并利用计量模型进行检验,认为影响上海生态农业发展的主要因素有农业基础设施、农业劳动力资源、农业产业化水平、农业科技实力状况。     

Public participation in forestry in Turkey

Recently public participation in forestry has been seriously considered in Turkey. Participation is however quite a challenge for a country with a long tradition of top-down management and a strong bottom-up dependence on public provisioning. In such a setting, it may not be surprising that the experiences with public participation in forestry in Turkey are mixed. There are some positive initiatives like the creation of farmer's cooperatives and NGOs, but their role is quite limited and small of scale. This paper is bringing together different views based on existing studies in Turkish related to Turkey's experience with implementing public participation in forestry.     

西部地区人力资本投资与知识化发展

人力资本投资在推动知识化发展的过程中存在自增强机制，通过促进人力资本保值增值，进行人力资源合理配置，改善配置环境和配置政策、完善配套措施，有助于充分发挥这一机制的功能，从而实现西部地区知识化发展。     

Inter-enterprise arrears in economies in transition

In the context of economies in transition, the paper argues that an excessive liquidity squeeze could throw the economy into a persistent state of low economic activity. In such bad equilibrium, enterprise transactions become largely demonetized, with a chain of arrears, a form of involuntary credit, spreading over the entire system. The empirical analysis of the Romanian experience seems to support the view advanced in the paper.     

Is wealth found in the soil or in the brain? Investing in farm people in Malawi

Should a typical developing country invest more in agriculture or education? At what stage of development is it optimal to invest more in each of these sectors? These are important questions that governments of developing countries grapple with when designing investment plans. In this paper, I propose a soil–human capital conceptual framework of development and use it to explain estimates of agricultural returns to schooling in Malawi. I use panel survey data for Malawi and rely on the exogenous education policy changes and spatial variation in access to schooling to identify effects of schooling on agricultural incomes. In addition, I correct for selection into income activities within a panel data and instrumental variables estimation framework. I find annual agricultural returns to schooling in Malawi of 3%–4% after correcting for selection and unobserved heterogeneity and 7% in the uncorrected specifications. I also find consistently higher returns to schooling in the nonagricultural sector for those not living in the village of birth and higher returns in the agricultural sector for those living in the village of birth. Given the size of the farm sector, wealth in Malawi is still in the soil, but that future growth in wealth depends on human capital investments.     

Gender Differences in Time-Poverty in Rural Mozambique

Based on time-use data from a 2013 primary household survey, this study examines the nature and extent of time-poverty experienced by men and women in peasant households in Mozambique. The main findings indicate that while women's labor allocation to economic activities is comparable to that of men, household chores and care work are almost entirely women's responsibility. The heavy burden of responsibilities leave women significantly time-poorer compared to men. Women's time-poverty worsens when the burden of simultaneous care work is taken into account. In addition, due to multitasking, the work tends to be more taxing. The examination of determinants of time-poverty shows that common measures of individual economic power, such as assets and education, do not necessarily affect the time-poverty faced by women.     

2010年黑龙江省宏观经济展望

受世界金融危机的影响,从2008年下半年起黑龙江省经济持续走低,2009年一季度跌入谷底。2009年前三季度,在国家扩大内需的政策刺激下,黑龙江省经济企稳回升,但经济运行中还存在出口下滑、物价水平较低等问题,经济下行的压力仍然存在,经济持续回升的基础尚待巩固。展望2010年,国家将继续实施积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策,随着政策效应的逐步释放,内需对经济的拉动作用仍将十分强劲,另外,随着世界经济的复苏,黑龙江省外贸形势也将逐渐好转,在＂投资、消费、出口＂这三驾马车的共同作用下,2010年黑龙江省经济将步入全面复苏通道。     

Agricultural Roots in Intergenerational Transfers in China

Economists have been interested in the motivations of intergenerational transfers, for different motivations affect the effectiveness of anti-poverty public transfers. However, one’s motivation is largely shaped by culture and social conventions. This paper sheds light on the influence of rice cultivation in intergenerational transfers in China. This is also the first time that economists consider cultural factors in the study of intergenerational transfers. Cultivating rice requires elaborate irrigation systems and large amounts of labor input so that rice farmers have to cooperate extensively with their neighbors, which has gradually shaped people’s value to be more inter-dependent. Based on micro-level data from CHARLS and sub-national rice data from China, our empirical results show strong evidence that individuals from rice regions are more likely to provide economic support for their parents. A one-percentage point increase in the share of rice in the total grain planting area will raise transfer incidence by 0.2–0.4 percentage points, and rice region residents transfer on average 300–400 yuan more in 2011 and about 1,000 yuan more in 2013 to their parents than those from wheat regions. Meanwhile they are more inclined to rely on their adult children for elderly support. Urban citizens are less affected. Using instrumental variable estimation, we are able to prove the effect is causal. With future continued deepening of population aging in China, relying on children for old age support may become more and more unrealistic, the government needs to coordinate the relationship between public transfer and private transfer to ensure the quality of life for the elderly.     

Trade-offs in sulfur emission trading in Europe

How to implement emission trading is one question in the current negotiations on a new sulfur protocol in Europe. Whereas the current protocol stipulates a 30 percent uniform reduction, national emission ceilings included in the proposed new protocol imply differentiated reductions. In addition, emission and fuel standards are proposed. This paper examines the costs and environmental impacts of emission trading. Emission trading combined with regulations is a new element in the paper. Calculations using the RAINS (Regional Acidification INformation and Simulation) model suggest that overlaying emission trading on regulations not only reduces the cost savings but has beneficial impacts as well: ecosystem protection is not changed and significant decreases in environmental benefits for countries are largely avoided. Emission trading can also be used to decrease emissions and increase ecosystem protection. If combined with existing legislation, emission trading minimizes losses in expected environmental benefits for some countries, and most countries gain. However, the initial distribution of emission ceilings has to be used so that some countries are not confronted with higher costs. Trade-offs appear to exist between the use of emission trading to achieve cost savings on the one hand, and ecosystem protection and distributional equity on the other.