浅谈城中村用电困局及解决措施

随着城市的迅猛发展,大量外来人口迁入各地城中村,导致城中村用电负荷暴增,残旧的城中村电网以及各种违法用电行为使得城中村用电陷入频繁停电的困局。该文通过对城中村用电现状的描述,分析造成用电困局的原因,并在此基础上提出破解城中村用电困局的若干建议。     

Evolution of repeated prisoner's dilemma play under logit dynamics

In an evolutionary set-up, we append an ecology of iterated prisoner's dilemma (IPD) game strategies, consisting of unconditional cooperators (AllC), unconditional defectors (AllD) and reactive players (TFT) with two repeated strategies that have received less attention in the evolutionary IPD game literature: the error-proof, “generous” tit-for-tat (GTFT) which, with a certain probability, re-establishes cooperation after a (possibly by mistake) defection of the opponent and the penitent, “stimulus–response” (WSLS) strategy that resets cooperation after the opponent punished for defection. An abundance of rock–paper–scissors like patterns is discovered in the 3×3 ecologies comprising Pavlovian and “generous” players. Interestingly, the evolutionary success of Pavlov seems to depend on the absence of unconditional cooperators in the ecologies investigated.     

Policy changes in the Swiss electricity market: Analysis of likely market responses

The Swiss electricity market is still a public monopoly. Switzerland do not intend to be part of the single European electricity market, but given its strategic geographical position—Switzerland is in the middle of the core area of the European Union, Swiss power producers maintain electricity exchanges (imports and exports) with neighbouring countries. These exchanges represent an important source of revenue for Swiss utilities.

Switzerland is currently facing a period of fundamental policy changes. Even though the market has not been legally liberalised, emergent liberalisation is taking place. Furthermore, nuclear dismantling has been debated since the early 1980s. People have not yet accepted the dismantling proposition, so there is actually no law banning the construction of new nuclear plants, but given the current attitude of the population and the politicians any new nuclear investments are most unlikely.

The aim of this paper is to illustrate likely market responses to different policy changes in the Swiss electricity market, such as nuclear phase-out and changes in international exchanges policies that may arise as a consequence of the emergent liberalisation that is taking place in this market.

This article presents a conceptualisation model that helps understanding the logic of the dynamic behaviour of the Swiss electricity market, and illustrates the rationale of politicians and decision makers involved in the market planning process, as well as the possible consequences of the implementation of different policies. The purpose is not to forecast or quantify market response, but to identify and understand possible scenarios for market behaviour.     

“淘宝村”发展的动力机制、困境及对策

农村电商产业集群是当前农村地区发展中的新形态。其发展动力源于个体的能动性、社会关系网络的支持、地方政府扶持及电商平台的引导。但不容讳言的是,在\"淘宝村\"面临升级发展的过程中,曾经支持淘宝村发展的诸多原动力却成为未来发展的阻碍,因此,需要建构合理的淘宝村可持续性发展模式,重新界定原有发展动力的作用机制与作用边界。     

城乡商品市场协调发展实证研究:一个区域视角

中国市场化水平已突破了临界水平,但是城乡商品市场尤其是区域城乡商品市场发展仍然有着巨大的差距。文章构建了城乡商品协调发展的指标体系,并通过横截面数据,分析了中国各区域城乡商品市场发展协调度。研究结果表明:根据各区域城乡商品市场协调发展度以及经济发展水平,可以将中国划分为四类地区。文章最后针对四类地区提出了一些发展的策略。     

抄核收工作环节的配合及协调

电费抄核收管理工作要按照拟定的工作方案或工作安排进行,在上级的统一指挥下,协调一致,相互配合,这样才能把电费工作做好。     

区域公共物品政府供给的博弈分析

区域公共物品是一种特殊的公共物品,不仅具有公共物品的一般属性,还具有其自身特殊属性。正是由于区域公共物品的这些特性,区域内地方政府在供给区域公共物品时容易陷入"囚徒困境",导致区域公共物品供给不足,阻碍区域经济一体化的发展。本文运用博弈分析原理,对区域公共物品供给不足进行了分析,认为区域公共物品供给不足除了区域公共物品的特性以外,政府的有限理性和信息不对称也是导致区域公共物品供给不足的重要因素,并就区域公共物品供给不足提出一些政策建议。     

He who must not be named

Landsberger et al. have studied a sealed bid first price auction with two players in which the ranking of the valuations is known. They argue that such a situation can arise in a sequential auction where only the name of the winner is revealed. In this paper we consider sequential auctions where two identical goods are sold sequentially to N players who are interested in both objects. In sealed bid auctions, no information is a priori revealed by the mechanism, but the seller can in principle reveal whatever he wants. We restrict our attention to the case where only the name of the winner is revealed to be in the context of Landsberger et al. for the second auction. The aim of the paper is to compare such a sequential auction with a simultaneous auction where both goods are sold as a bundle or equivalently with a sequential auction where no information is revealed. We first show that there exists an equilibrium of the sequential game in pure and monotone strategies. Then, the comparison of the seller's expected revenue in the two cases allows us to conclude that contrary to Landsberger et al.'s predictions, the seller can not use the information to increase his revenue. This result is obtained using simulations for a large class of distribution functions. The seller must not reveal the name of the winner between the two auctions and instead sell both goods using a simultaneous auction.Received: 31 July 2001, Accepted: 5 February 2003, JEL Classification: B44I wish to thank Laurent Linnemer, Thomas Ricke, Michael Visser and Shmuel Zamir for helpful comments and suggestions. I am very grateful to the referees and the associated editors in charge of my paper.     

国有银行发展混合所有制的实现机制研究——基于金融市场结构优化视角

基于金融市场结构视角,本文分析国有银行发展混合所有制的效率问题,以\"囚徒困境\"为理论基础阐述了国有与非国有金融之间的竞争策略,透视出它们之间合作与竞争机制的障碍所在。在市场配置资源起决定性作用的大背景下,更需要积极探索国有与非国有金融机构发展混合所有制的市场结构问题,寻找有效合作与竞争机制,完善和发展金融市场秩序,以更好地促进我国实体经济的转型升级。     

The purchasing department's leadership role in developing and maintaining a preferred customer status

Developing and maintaining a preferred customer status is one of the main objectives of organizations that want to obtain a better access to supplier's information, resources, and innovation. This paper addresses the extent and the nature of the purchasing department's leadership role in the process of developing and maintaining a preferred customer status. A qualitative exploratory approach based on eleven cases has been used in order to take into consideration the context specific to the buyer-supplier relationship in a preferred customer scenario.Our study shows that the purchasing department performs four main categories of roles: (1) identifies and selects the best supplier, (2) structures and segments the supply base, (3) builds close relationships with selected suppliers and (4) develops working relationships, using an effective communication. Each of these roles is related to three key components of the purchasing department's capabilities: boundary, relational, and coordination. These four categories of roles illustrate supply's ability to recognize and understand the specifics of the preferred customer situation. Based on our analysis, the purchasing department should be viewed as extending an organization's resource base, making the organization more competitive.Our analysis also shows that the purchasing managers' leadership is critical for the development and the coordination of activities with selected suppliers, as well as proper communication with them. Specifically, the purchasing manager's transformational leadership generates more internal user and supplier involvement through the creation and articulation of a common vision, by establishing shared goals with other organizational units, and by focusing on activities that benefit the organization; this allows to move from initiative-driven efforts to an “institutionalized preferred customer status management” in the organization.     

Brokers’ contractual arrangements in the Manhattan residential rental market

We bring new evidence to bear on the role of intermediaries in frictional matching markets and on how parties design contracts with them. Specifically, we examine two features of contracts between landlords and agents in the Manhattan residential rental market. In our data, 72 percent of listings involve exclusive relationships between landlords and agents (the remaining 28 percent are non-exclusive); and in 21 percent of listings, the landlord commits to pay the agent’s fee (in the other 79 percent, the tenant pays the agent’s the fee). Our analysis highlights that these contractual features reflect landlords’ concerns about providing agents with incentives to exert effort specific to their rental units and to screen among heterogeneous tenants.