农业专业合作社的融资供求衔接问题研究

农业专业合作社融资具有一般企业所不具有的特殊性。论文从理论角度分析了农业合作社融资次序的选择,认为通过正规金融实现合作社融资供求衔接的有效途径。在供求不平衡,传统信贷供给无法满足合作社融资需求的状况下,探索了“公司＋合作社＋农户”、“农业龙头企业＋担保公司＋合作社＋农户”、“政府＋农业生产基地＋农业企业＋合作社＋农户”三种农业产业链融资模式,并分析了其主要特点、优势以及主要风险,为合作社融资提供了新思路。     

E-commerce and supply chain resilience during COVID-19: Evidence from agricultural input e-stores in China

COVID-19 has caused major disruptions to agricultural supply chains around the world. Researchers and policy-makers are interested in identifying means to reduce the disruptive effects caused by the pandemic. We investigate the impacts of COVID-19 on the operation of e-commerce stores (in short, e-stores) specialising in agricultural inputs. The difference-in-differences method (DID) is employed to estimate the causal relationship between COVID-19 and online sales of agricultural inputs using data from 54,244 agricultural input e-stores registered in 118 prefecture-level cities across 15 provinces and hosted on two major Chinese e-commerce platforms. The results show that COVID-19 led to a substantial growth in monthly sales of agricultural input e-stores, and this growth of online sales varied across store scales and by types of agricultural inputs. In particular, e-stores selling seeds and seedlings experienced a larger growth in sales than stores selling agricultural machinery and implements, and the mid- and larger-scaled e-stores experienced more growth of sales than micro- and small-scaled e-stores. Further analysis reveals that the growth of online sales of agricultural inputs was driven mainly by an increase in the quantity of customer orders (QCO). The findings of this paper underscore the importance of e-commerce in ensuring the resilience of the agricultural supply chain during the pandemic period.     

基于核心企业的水产品供应链管理

由于批发市场对信息链、资金链的阻断,以批发市场为核心的水产品流通体制下的水产品供应链是一条低效率的断裂链或局部短链。笔者认为,解决这一问题最有效的办法是培育核心企业,替代目前批发市场的核心地位。基于核心企业的水产品供应链管理,能以最小的成本为顾客提供最大的价值,并获得共赢的效果。     

我国农产品供应链协同管理的研究进展

[目的]文章对农产品供应链协同管理在我国以往的研究进展进行综述,分析出当前研究中可能存在的不足,探讨该领域未来可能的研究发展方向,以期丰富我国农产品供应链协同领域的研究。[方法]该文应用比较分析法和归纳分析法,从农产品供应链协同与食品质量安全、协同的影响因素、协同中的收益分配问题和协同中信息技术的应用4个方面对该领域的研究进行综述与讨论。[结果]农产品供应链协同管理研究初期主要为理论探讨和定性的分析,现阶段以定量研究方法为主,目前该领域的研究中存在研究方法运用单一化、研究主体简单化和信息技术应用研究不足等问题。[结论]该文研究认为未来我国农产品供应链协同管理可能的研究方向为:(1)绿色可持续农产品供应链协同研究;(2)农产品供应链协同中信息技术应用研究:(3)农产品供应链协同研究主体多样化的发展趋势。     

农业供水改革的问题分析与途径研究

简述我国农业水资源利用的低效率,分析了我国农业用水管理中存在的问题,提出设计节水激励机制、改善水利工程管理、完善有利于农业产业化的相应对策。     

农产品冷链物流质量安全管理研究

冷链物流的有效管理已成为差异化经营、保障食品安全和赢得市场竞争的现实需要,其发展对于保障农产品质量安全意义重大。文章分析了农产品冷链物流质量安全管理的概念及问题,从经济和社会两方面探讨加强农产品冷链物流质量安全管理的重要性,通过对我国农产品冷链物流的SWOT定性分析,从冷链流程和商业运行模式两方面提出加强农产品冷链物流质量安全管理的方法和措施,最后给予展望与总结。     

基于供应链视角的海产品物流质量管理研究

海产品物流质量的管理贯穿于从"渔船到餐桌"的整个供应。论文以供应链管理为指导,在物流质量管理基本原理的基础上,界定了海产品物流质量管理的内涵,构建了海产品供应链物流质量管理的模式,提出通过供应链外部质量监管体系和市场准入机制加强海产品供应链外部物流质量控制,通过HACCP质量管理体系实现海产品供应链物流质量的自我约束和内部控制。     

The restructuring of Italian agriculture and its impact upon capital–labour relations: Labour contracting and exploitation in the fresh fruit and vegetable supply chain of the Lazio Region,Central Italy

Labour contracting is anywhere on the rise globally, even in fully developed capitalist countries. Far from being an anomaly in the smooth everyday functioning of the economy, contractors are a crucial node in facilitating and ensuring global capital's control over local labour regimes. This article uses a global value chain perspective to investigate the re‐emergence of gangmasters and gang labour in the agricultural sector of Lazio, Central Italy. It analyses the fruit and vegetable supply chain formation and configuration in the Lazio Region with the aim of identifying the underlying processes leading to the creation of gangmasters by capital to have a cheap and disposable, especially migrant, labour force. It also intends to give a more nuanced understanding of labour contracting in this context.     

Impact of land fragmentation and non-agricultural labor supply on circulation of agricultural land management rights

This study quantitatively examines the effects of land fragmentation and non-agricultural labor supply on the circulation of agricultural land management rights. The examination is conducted from the perspective of labor heterogeneity and family joint decision-making, using the rural fixed observation point data from the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China. The results reveal that land fragmentation significantly affects circulation decisions of agricultural land circulation. Land fragmentation strengthens the effect of non-agricultural labor supply on agricultural land outflow, and this effect is more pronounced among females. Compared with males, the female non-agricultural labor supply has a greater effect on agricultural land circulation. When non-agricultural labor supply increases, the effect of the female non-agricultural labor supply on agricultural land circulation becomes significant, land outflows increase, and land inflows decrease. In the areas of eastern, central, and northeastern China, the female non-agricultural labor supply has a significant impact on agricultural land outflow. Furthermore, the number of land plots strengthens the effect of the non-agricultural labor supply on the outflows of agricultural land in eastern and northeastern China; this effect is more pronounced for females in northeastern China. The government and related departments should strengthen non-agricultural employment training, and design conditions and policies to promote the orderly transfer of household labor, thus achieving intense agricultural development in the process of human urbanization.     

南水北调东线水资源供应链中的“牛鞭效应”研究

“牛鞭效应”是南水北调东线水资源供应链信息管理中的一个重要参数。在对南水北调东线水资源供应链结构分析的基础上，分析南水北调东线水资源供应链“牛鞭效应”的成因：用水部门和地区的需水量预测方法，输水线路长度，水价波动及当地降水情况，每一个节点地区可能存在着本位主义思想，用水量短缺时的博弈，供应链复杂的多层次结构。提出相应的控制对策：建立信息共享机制，减少不确定性，减少用水户用水量的变动性，缩短提前期，建立节点地区之间的战略协作关系、订立供水协议。     

The effects of agricultural policy on supply and productivity: Evidence from differential changes in distortions

Incentives in agriculture are highly distorted. It has long been argued that these distortions were a key explanation for differences in supply and productivity across countries, but the empirical evidence is limited. We revisit this issue using data on policy distortions across 63 countries for the period 1961–2011. We estimate the effects of differential changes in agricultural distortions across countries on supply and productivity. We highlight concerns in our analysis and previous work about endogeneity that biases the estimated effect downward—countries that lose comparative advantage are likely to increase support for agriculture. We address these concerns by including country and region-time fixed effects, along with a rich set of controls. Overall, we find evidence that enhanced incentives through policy changes can increase the rate of production growth, with about half of the increase due to productivity increases. This result is strongest in Sub-Saharan Africa where anti-agricultural policies on exports were reduced and in Europe where pro-agricultural policies on imports were reduced, driven largely by external pressure. Endogeneity appears to be strongest in Asia where countries have followed the typical pattern of raising support for agriculture during industrialization due to a rising farm-urban income gap.     

浅议引黄供水中的两水分供与计费

根据国家有关规定,引黄供水水价依时段和用途不同而不同。因此,施行两水分供、两费分计是以水养水的重要举措,实施两水分供、两费分计势在必行,有利于黄河水的节约和高效利用,有利于建立和谐的供用水新秩序,有利于延伸供水产业管理,增加经济效益,促进治黄事业发展,有利于中央农业政策的实施。指出：实施两水分供、两费分计存在的3个主要问题是：供水价格调整后,个别用水户挤占、挪用甚至偷引农业用水;农业用水与非农业用水共用同一条渠道输送,给供水管理带来一定困难;流量测定的技术手段落后,计量精度有待提高。提出解决问题的方法的建议：加强宣传、主动沟通,营造良好的供用水工作环境;深入调研,延伸供水管理,堵塞漏洞;改善量测技术手段,准确计量。     

Short supply chain participation and market performance for vegetable farmers in China

The fresh food supply chain in China has begun to reduce the number of intermediaries that connect producers and consumers. Using farm‐level data, this paper investigates the impacts of short supply chain participation on vegetable farmers’ market performance, including profits, productivity, production cost, price and price risk. The results show that the participation in a short supply chain is a profit‐maximising strategy and risk management tool for farmers. The increase in profit is attributed to productivity advantages, farm size expansion, and risk reduction rather than because of price premiums or cost savings. A policy implication is that short supply chain promotion has many benefits, but the government should be more concerned about the sustainability of short supply chains.     

京客隆食品冷链物流中心统筹规划研究

论文阐述了食品冷链物流中心的概念和特点,从管理学的角度出发、利用系统工程的思想和SWOT分析法等,通过对京客隆生鲜食品冷链物流中心进行战略分析的基础上,从商业运作模式及功能定位、标准作业流程、硬件设施及物流信息系统四个方面对其进行统筹规划,并从作业流程、运作管理和衔接整合三个大方向给出了一些加强食品冷链物流中心统筹规划的措施和建议,最后总结并对京客隆的未来发展做进一步展望。     

沿海围垦区水资源优化配置与联合调度

江苏沿海围垦规模巨大,世界尚无先例。沿海滩涂开发利用,水资源保障是关键,而围垦区水资源优化配置与联合调度技术又是水资源保障关键技术之一。分析国内外水资源优化配置研究现状,研究围垦区水资源需求管理措施、盐碱环境下多水源多用户淡水资源联合调度技术以及围垦区水资源优化配置,以实现沿海围垦区水资源公平、高效和可持续利用。     

基于改进DIIM的洪涝灾害下供应链系统中断关联型损失评估研究

为解决暴雨洪涝灾害频发对企业生产和整条供应链的运行带来的巨额经济损失问题,在考虑供应链系统相互关联的基础上,运用改进的动态非正常程度投入产出模型(DIIM)模拟洪涝灾害导致企业非正常程度的动态运行状态,测算洪涝灾害给供应链系统带来的直接损失及关联损失。以2021年马来西亚洪涝灾害影响下的某制造业供应链系统为例,选取相关指标对洪涝灾害导致供应链系统中断带来的关联型损失进行评估。结果表明:洪涝灾害引发的供应链各节点功能下降程度由需求端和供应端两方干扰共同影响,非正常程度和损失都是一个动态变化的过程;仿真数据直观显示了洪涝灾害下供应链中断发生、扩散及恢复过程,有助于决策者对洪涝灾害下供应链系统运行进行分析和管理。