人力资本模型综述——基于国内学者的研究

文章主要对2000年以后国内学者建立和发展的人力资本模型,对国内学者在人力资本经济学定量研究方面的成果进行了概括.全文共分四部分,第一部分概述了我国早期人力资本研究的情况;第二、三部分分别对宏观和微观人力资本模型进行了综述;第四部分是对我国人力资本经济学研究现状的评述及前景展望.作为一篇综述性的论文,期望它为国内学者将来的人力资本研究提供参考.     

自主创新理论溯源及现实分析

自主创新是我国面向未来的重大战略选择。作者在本文中通过人力资本理论及内生经济增长理论尝试自主创新的理论溯源,并着力从宏观和微观层面探讨我国当前提升自主创新能力的必要性和可行性,指出唯有走自主创新之路方可实现社会经济的可持续发展。     

Growth Constraints and Determinants of a South Pacific Island in a Global Economy: A Study of Fiji

Abstract

In a global economy, the South Pacific islands face unique constraints to growth. The study investigates whether Fiji was benefited by three-decade old open trade policies. Through a multivariate cointegration analysis, the study establishes the existence of a long-run relationship between open trade policy and physical and human capital resources. Although physical capital had a positive impact on growth, the existing complementary relationship between two kinds of capital requires that a threshold between physical and human capital needs to be attained before any negative influence on growth can be transformed into positive impact.     

The relationship between human capital and the economic growth in China

Human capital is one of the most important factors to promote economic growth. It is critical both on theory and practice to study how human capital investment and accumulation promote the economic growth in China. The thesis takes Lucas＇s Human Capital Spillover Model as the analysis tool. Through SPSS 14.0 software, it uses the serial data from 1992 to 2006 to analyze the human capital＇s correlation and contribution to the economic growth, so as to find out why the human capital contribution to economic growth is low. And then, in order to increase the human capital accumulation, it puts forward the relative strategies which include paying more attention to the importance of human capital, greatly developing education, improving the quality of human capital and investing more on the human capital of enterprises.     

人力资本对上海市经济增长的作用研究

改革开放30年以来,上海市的经济增长取得了巨大的成就。文章从人力资本要素这个角度研究了上海市1978--2008年的经济快速增长的原因,并对各种要素在不同时期对经济增长的贡献进行了分解,发现上海经济快速增长有其内生性原因,其中人力资本的作用明显＇尤其是人力资本的间接贡献作用很大。     

The empirics of growth

Summary This study explores the long-run dynamics of economic growth, with particular reference to The Netherlands. The time span covered extends backwards to the mid-nineteenth century, using new time series on disaggregated physical and human capital stocks for the period 1850-1913. Economic growth in the nineteenth century is shown to have had a strong physical capital-using bias, initially concentrated in buildings and infrastructure. The close relationship between investment in machinery and economic growth did not begin to take shape until the end of the nineteenth century, to increase in strength in the course of the twentieth century.An earlier version of this article was published as a research memorandum of the Groningen Growth and Development Centre (GD 12), University of Groningen, October 1994. This article is based on research sponsored by the Faculty of Economics of the University of Groningen, and by the Foundation of Economic, Social, and Spatial Sciences (ESR), which is part of The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO). For helpful comments, we thank Jan Jacobs, Professor W.H. Buiter, Bart van Ark, Rainer Fremdling, participants of the Economic History colloquium at the University of Groningen and of the European Historical Economics Society's Summer School 1994 (Florence), especially Professor Alan Taylor (Northwestern University), participants of the Quantitative Economic History Conference 1995 (Cambridge U.K.), and two anonymous referees. Of course, the usual disclaimer holds.     

人力资本存量、R&D投资与中国工业增长转型

工业是中国当前三大产业中的支柱产业,工业增长模式的体制转轨很大程度上反映了中国经济增长模式的转轨方向和现状。文章借助1990年-2007年的统计数据进行计算和实证检验发现：中国工业企业从上世纪90年代初以依靠人力资本存量和物质资本存量积累的增长模式转变为新世纪以来以R＆D投资带来的技术进步和工业劳动力投入为主要产出支撑的新模式,虽然这种增长转轨并未彻底完成,但已经证明集约化增长模式将逐步成为中国经济可持续发展的主要途径。     

International capital market integration: Implications for convergence, growth, and welfare

This paper studies the effects of international capital market integration on welfare and the speed of adjustment in a two-region endogenous growth model. Monopolistic firms undertake research and development (R&D) to improve their productivity level. National and international knowledge spillovers affect the returns to R&D. The two countries differ with respect to the initial productivity level and R&D capability (which is a proxy for human capital and structural policies). Long-run productivity gaps are determined by the difference in R&D capability. Over time, there is conditional convergence in productivity levels. The speed of convergence is larger with integrated international capital markets than without. Long-run gaps in consumption levels are larger in the former situation than in the latter. Capital market integration harms (benefits) the leading (lagging) region if domestic spillovers are more important than international spillovers and differences in R&D capabilities are small.The authors research is supported by the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. He thanks Lucas Bretschger, Theo van de Klundert, and Richard Nahuis, Thomas Steger, and Helmut Wagner for comments on an earlier version.     

当前我国城乡人力资本形成差异的原因、影响及对策

当前我国城乡人力资本形成差异是在城乡经济发展不平衡规律的作用下,传统城乡分治的制度性因素主导作用的结果。这种状况对我国人力资本存量的增长、城乡经济发展差距缩小和人力资本市场化形成机制都极其不利,因此有必要从制度角度对其进行有效地遏止。     

Human capital quality and the regional economic growth: Evidence from China

China's economic development has advanced from a high-speed to a high-quality growth stage in recent years. The optimization and upgrading of the economic structure require high-quality human capital to support an innovation-driven economy. In this paper, a general equilibrium model of human capital (Xiang & Yeaple, 2018) is applied to estimate the cognitive and non-cognitive productivities based on Chinese provincial-level macro-data and individual labor's micro-data from 2008 to 2017. The weighted power mean of cognitive and non-cognitive productivities helps calculate the provincial-level human capital quality index (HCQI), which provides a realistic estimate of human capital quality. We find that the improvement of the HCQI leads to convergence in economic growth in China's provinces. HCQI can help explain the differences in economic growth levels in different regions of China. Our study provides a constructive step in understanding cognitive and non-cognitive abilities and HCQI in China, which could help guide education investment policy in China and its provinces.     

基于生态城市理论的我国生态城市建设研究

随着生态城市日益成为我国城市建设的热点问题,审视和分析国外在生态城市实践上的成功经验,对我国具有重要现实意义。分别介绍了国内外生态城市建设的方法及其取得的成果。在此基础上将中外生态城市建设实践进行对比,指出我国生态城市实践中取得的成就和存在的不足,为我国生态城市的继续深入发展提供参考。     

制度内生化的经济增长模型

本文在内生经济增长的框架下,在描述制度变迁的动态过程的基础上,将制度因素纳入经济增长模型并作为其内生变量,力求从物质资本、人力资本、技术进步和制度创新等角度全面反映经济增长,并揭示制度创新影响经济增长的内在机制,得出结论,有效的制度安排是经济高速增长的决定性因素。     

加大农村人力资本投资 缩小城乡差距

缩小城乡差距,实现城乡统筹发展是我国新农村以及和谐社会建设的一项重要任务。人力资本差距是城乡差距的最根本原因。文章从人力资本投资的视角描述了城乡差距的客观事实,并在此基础上给出了缩小差距的政策改革建议。     

Human capital,innovation, and growth

This paper explores the interaction between human capital and innovation in the process of economic growth. Using a model of endogenous growth, we focus on how taxes and other policy instruments affect the incentives to invest in human capital. In contrast to many other growth models we find that the taxation of human capital has a substantial negative effect on its accumulation. This in turn reduces innovation and, consequently, the income growth rate. More surprisingly, other policies that are intended to stimulate growth may have opposing effects on innovation and the accumulation of human capital. For example, while subsidies to research and to intermediate inputs do have positive effects on innovation and growth, they lead to a lower stock of human capital, in the empirically relevant case when the elasticity of intertemporal substitution in consumption is low.     

合肥市城市游憩者旅游行为特征研究

文章在大量实地调查的基础上,对合肥市城市游憩者旅游行为特征进行了研究。分析了合肥市外地旅游者客源地空间分布规律,阐述了旅游者社会经济背景和旅游偏好特征。最后提出了合肥市国内旅游业发展的基本对策。     

社会保障制度促进经济增长机制研究

传统学派一般把社会保障制度作为一种社会公平制度进行研究,较少考虑其对经济增长的作用,但是由于社会保障可以影响消费者未来预期和人力资本投资,所以不可避免的会对经济增长产生影响。本文从凯恩斯乘数理论入手,结合人力资本投资,对社会保障制度促进经济增长的机制进行分析。