两部制许可契约下技术转移差异化和统一许可定价策略比较研究

针对技术转移过程中的差异化和统一许可定价问题，本文分别构建了两阶段差异化定价和统一定价博弈模型，讨论了两部制许可契约下的最优技术许可定价决策及社会效率配置问题。研究发现，相对于统一许可定价，差异化许可定价能够促进研发企业和生产企业一体化协调；差异化许可定价允许生产配置效率更高的企业生产更多的产量，进而提高了社会配置效率；差异化许可定价下，尽管研发企业可以降低对生产配置效率更高的企业的提成，但是可以向其收取较高的固定费用，进而可以缓解因过度的许可定价差异所引起的“水床效应”；当生产企业的产品替代性较强时，研发企业的统一许可定价更有利于改善社会福利，但加剧了市场竞争；除此之外，差异化许可定价更有利于改善社会福利。     

森林资源行政许可制度负外部性的法经济学解析

随着经济的发展与生态环境的日益恶化,森林资源的管理日益重要。文章立足于法经济学分析框架,根据森林资源行政许可的现实来讨论森林资源管理的行政许可制度负外部性问题,并分析了森林资源行政许可的负外部性缺陷和原因。     

对出租车行业特许模式的经济学和行政法学分析

我国出租车行业诸多问题年年不绝,深层原因都和作为该行业制度核心的特许经营权制度密不可分。本文从行政法学和经济学视角,对出租车行业实行数量管制的合法性和合理性进行探讨。从行政法学视角看,出租车行业不属于《行政许可法》规定的行政特许范围,实施数量管制也违反了行政法学上的依法行政原则和比例原则;从经济学视角看,数量管制无法消除出租车行业的负外部性,反而导致权力寻租和社会福利损失,政府为了维持管制效果会耗费更多人力物力,直接导致社会成本增加。世界各国放松数量管制的实践证明,只要实施严格的服务和安全标准管制,取消数量管制并不会危害出租车的安全和服务水平,也不会造成经济秩序的混乱。只有让出租车服务业回归到一个正常的竞争性行业,才能真正破解不断凸显的出租车行业管理难题。     

我国非职务发明创造专利许可分析

以2012年全国专利实施许可合同备案数据为基础,对我国非职务发明创造专利的许可现状和特征进行了分析,并尝试给出了我国非职务发明申请和授权比重较小而许可比重较大的原因。     

WTO规则与我国行政许可原则的确立

目前,有关我国加入WTO的经济贸易法律调整与应对问题,国内学者们已多有论述。而有关我国公共行政领域法律制度的相应协调与变革,则开始成为需要进一步加强研究的课题。行政许可是国家行政管理的重要手段之一,在国内,依法行政的呼声日益高涨,与我国刚加入WTO的国际形势下探索行     

Upstream privatization and downstream licensing

This study attempts to investigate the impact of downstream foreign licensing on upstream privatization policy in a vertically related market, in which a public firm and a domestic private firm supply exclusively to downstream domestic and foreign firms, respectively. We show that downstream licensing occurs when the cost differential between downstream duopolists is small, and the optimal strategy under licensing is upstream partial privatization. In addition, downstream foreign licensing facilitates upstream privatization. We further show that downstream licensing improves (reduces) local welfare when the cost differential is large (small).     

The Impact of Industry Characteristics and IPR Policy on Foreign Direct Investment

This paper investigates the interaction of industry characteristics and intellectual property rights (IPRs) on multinational firm behavior. The results suggest that firms in industries with high capital costs are more likely to maintain control over production knowledge in countries with less intellectual property protection by engaging in foreign direct investment (FDI). Moreover, when IPRs are strong, firms in industries with high investment in research and development (R&D) are more likely to enter a market by licensing to an unaffiliated host firm. JEL no. F23, C25, O34     

论建设服务型政府与行政许可法

服务型政府是以提供公共服务为目标追求的政府,同时是个有限政府,有所为,有所不为,该管的事要管好,不可缺位,而那些属于市民社会自己能解决的问题,政府不可越位。建设有限政府,首先必须积极贯彻行政许可法的要求,减少审批项目,减政放权,因为行政许可是政府管理公共事务的主要手段,行政许可法的落实情况直接影响服务型政府建设的成效。政府还应该积极推进大部制改革,为行政许可法的实施铺平道路。     

Bertrand竞争条件下质量提高型创新技术最优许可研究

基于Bertrand双寡头竞争模型,建立高质量产品生产企业与低质量产品生产企业间的创新技术许可模型,比较了固定费用、提成以及两部制三种许可方式下的许可决策。研究结果表明：（1）创新技术拥有企业不会采用固定费用许可方式进行技术转让;（2）提成许可方式下：当产品质量差异程度较小,且创新技术程度较低时,创新企业选择许可,否则不许可;当产品质量差异程度较大时,创新企业愿意进行提成许可。     

Technology licensing and collusion

This paper considers the possibility of technology licensing via fixed-fee, royalty or two-part tariff and tacit collusion between firms that produce homogeneous goods under asymmetric cost structures and compete in quantities. In contrast to Lin (1996), all forms of licensing facilitate (obstruct) collusion, if the initial cost difference between the firms is relatively less (more). Technology will always be licensed, and the optimal form of licensing is either fixed-fee or royalty or two-part tariff, but collusion may or may not be possible post-licensing. Welfare decreases after licensing if the firms collude only after licensing but not collude under no-licensing.     

山西省专利授权量统计与分析

基于专利地图分析法,就山西省2010-2012年度专利授权量指标进行分析,直观的展现山西省专利发展状况、各地市专利授权差异、重点技术领域及主要专利申请人构成,以期为今后的山西省专利统计分析及知识产权工作决策提供依据。     

论以知识产权使用权出资的可行性

应该允许股东以知识产权使用权向公司出资。可以用作出资的财产形式,应不局限于修订前的《中华人民共和国公司法》第24条所规定的五种形式。以知识产权的使用权作为出资的,需办理财产权转移手续,也能够办理财产权转移手续。无论在理论上还是实践中,以知识产权的使用权作为出资并无不可。以普通实施许可使用权出资的,出资人并不应失去向第三方许可的权利;知识产权有效期短于公司经营的出资者没有后续改进技术的反馈义务;当知识产权被宣告无效后,出资人负有向公司补充出资的义务。     

A generalized multi-country endogenous growth model

The transitional dynamics of open-economy endogenous growth models are largely unexplored. The present paper fills this gap in the literature. By applying the familiar Travis–Dixit–Norman (Dixit and Norman, Theory of International Trade, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1980) approach to a general class of growth models, it provides original results on the transitional dynamics of the multi-country open-economy versions of several prominent special cases, including the models of Romer (J Polit Econ, 94:1002–1037, 1986; J Polit Econ 98:S71–S102, 1990), Lucas (J Monet Econ, 22:3–42, 1988), Grossman and Helpman (Innovation and Growth in the Global Economy. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1991a, Chaps. 3 and 4; Rev Econ Stud 58:43–61, 1991b), Jones (J Polit Econ, 103:759–784, 1995a), and Segerstrom (Am Econ Rev, 88:1290–1310, 1998). This approach also shows that, in the class of models considered, the question of whether or not international economic integration accelerates growth in the long run is equivalent to the question of whether or not scale effects prevail.      

Cournot竞争条件下异质企业最优创新技术获取策略分析

针对现实经济中企业创新技术获取问题,首先运用包括创新及产出阶段的博弈模型分析了合作创新模式;然后构建了包括创新、许可及产出阶段的博弈模型,并根据此模型重点分析了技术许可模式;最后通过比较分析得出企业最优的技术获取策略。研究表明：当创新为非显著水平且产品差异较小时,技术许可模式下通过两部制策略许可将是最优的;当创新为显著水平或产品差异较大时,合作创新模式下的合资企业或卡特尔是最优的。     

Intellectual property: the assessment

In recent years, there has been an increase in the commercializationof intellectual property (IP), via such mechanisms as patents,licences, copyrights, and trade marks. New institutions (e.g.science parks), as well as new organizational forms (e.g. researchjoint ventures), have emerged to facilitate the creation andcommercialization of IP. Existing institutions, most notablyuniversities, have become much more aggressive in protectingtheir IP and devising ways to generate additional revenue fromtheir IP portfolios. These trends have important policy implications,which are addressed by the authors in this issue. We summarizetheir contributions and provide some context for assessing thesesalient matters.     

Penetration and Post-infection Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Tobacco as Treated by Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain P-72-10

The bio-control potential of rhizospere bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens against plant-parasite nematode had been demonstrated. P. fluorescens had shown the effect to enhance tobacco resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Inoculation with P. fluoreseens in tobacco could lead to significant reductions in the number of juveniles that penetrated tobacco root and further life stage development of the juveniles. The number of juveniles penetrated into tobac- co root in treatment with P. fluorescens is significantly different from CK at 2DAI, 6DAI, 8DAI and 10DAI. Significant reduction and delayed development of juveniles that penetrated into tobacco root and treated were observed in treatment at 14DAI, 21DAI, 28DAI and 35DAI. In addition, P. fluoreseens treatment leads to a significant reduction in the number of eggs per egg-mass at 35 DAI. The results show P. fluorescens induced a continuously suppression on root-knot nema- tode M. incognita throughout their entire early infection phase of root penetration, subsequent life stage development and reproduction.