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1.
There exists a large literature on price transmission in agro‐food sectors. However, a great majority of empirical studies focus on the existence of asymmetry and, by and large, do not investigate the reason for its presence or absence. This is in sharp contrast to the theoretical literature that provides a number of explanations of why we should expect (a)symmetry. In response, this paper investigates the reasons for asymmetric price transmission in the agro‐food chain, using meta‐analysis of existing studies. Our focus is on the organizational and institutional characteristics of the agro‐food supply chain. Our findings suggest that asymmetric price transmission in farm–retail relationships is more likely to occur in sectors/countries with more fragmented farm structure, higher governmental support and more restrictive regulations on price controls in the retail sector. On the other hand, more restrictive regulations on entry barriers in the retail sector and the relative importance of the sector tend to promote symmetric farm–retail price transmission. The latter is also more likely in the presence of a strong processing industry. 相似文献
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This paper offers a historical perspective on the interactions between legal standards and agricultural practices relating to guaraná, an energy‐inducing Amazonian plant that is in increasing demand. Guaraná is managed in a number of socio‐technical contexts, ranging from the fizzy drink industry to alternative agro‐ecological farming systems, and is subject to a great many legal rules that determine the conditions for its use and appropriation. The paper shows how, in guaraná's native region of Maués, Brazilian Amazonia, various stakeholders including the indigenous population, associations of smallholdings and multinationals use legal standards in order to gain prerogatives over the plant and/or win a share of a growing market. In spite of the fact that the plant has been domesticated by the Sateré‐Mawé and that traditional knowledge has been recognized in Brazil, to a certain extent history has dispossessed them of their rights to guaraná. New political and economic circumstances have favoured those actors committed to strategies of agricultural modernization and industrial processing. On the other hand, the ecologization of agriculture and the increasing numbers of instruments for differentiating production (such as fair trade, organic farming and geographical indications) seem to be favouring diversification in the methods of managing guaraná, as well as a certain re‐appropriation of the plant by local communities. 相似文献
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The present paper contains an analysis of the special characteristics of livestock systems in Spain, in the context of the domestic and international food relations that prevailed during the so‐called Second and Third Food Regimes. Spanish livestock is an interesting case because patterns of meat production and consumption have changed dramatically since the 1960s, as Spain has become one of Europe's major meat producers. There were also successive periods of transformation in Spain throughout the historical periods analysed herein, from an extensive to an intensive industrial model as well as from a domestically focused to an internationally oriented sector. In particular, the international context has been crucial in the development of Spanish livestock because of Spain's dependence on imported livestock feed and the increasing relevance of exports, especially to other European countries following Spain's accession to the European Union in 1986. 相似文献
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JENS LERCHE 《Journal of Agrarian Change》2011,11(1):104-118
This essay reviews five recent books concerned with different aspects of the agrarian crisis and agrarian questions in India. Each book deals, implicitly or explicitly, with specific facets of these issues. Specific regional patterns of highly exploitative agrarian capitalist developments and the role of agro‐commercial capital are analysed by the books. The essay argues that the agrarian crisis is class specific and that the capitalist farming classes are, in the main, able to successfully accumulate, although uneven development across India makes generalization difficult. The review concludes with some overall perspectives on agrarian transition in India. 相似文献
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The global discourse on food sovereignty suggests several mechanisms for improving food security and agricultural livelihoods, including redistributive land reform and restructuring of markets to improve food distribution and access. In Brazil, the Fome Zero (Zero Hunger) social welfare programme has created innovative links between public nutrition and food security programmes and rural development initiatives through mediated market support for the family farm sector. We report on a participatory assessment of the experience of land reform beneficiaries in seven municipalities in Mato Grosso, Brazil, who were contracted to produce food for the Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (Food Procurement Programme, PAA) and the Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (National School Feeding Programme, PNAE) under the umbrella of Fome Zero. This analysis offers insight into the opportunities and challenges related to participation in mediated ‘farm‐to‐institution’ food procurement programmes, and assesses their influence on key food sovereignty principles, including agro‐ecological transition, increased market stability and farmer autonomy. 相似文献
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Livestock products, such as dairy and beef, are increasingly regarded as resource intensive and concerns are raised about animal welfare and environmental sustainability. As a result, consumer awareness of these issues has led to an increasing demand for products with high quality credence attributes (CAs) that cannot be directly experienced or identified. A number of empirical studies have attempted to estimate consumers' willingness to pay (WTP) for CAs, which represents the additional value placed on the benefits that they derive from those products. However, there are significant differences in these WTP estimates, mainly because both consumers' perceptions of CAs and the conditions of the studies vary. We conduct a meta‐analysis to examine consumers' WTP for different CAs of livestock products based on a systematic review of relevant studies. Meta‐regression models are used to control for the heterogeneity of WTP estimates and investigate factors that affect the estimation of WTP. Overall 555 estimates derived from 94 papers reporting WTP are included in this study. Meta‐regression results establish the presence of systematic WTP variation associated with types of products, CAs, and locations, though also indicate that WTP is subject to systematic variation associated with study methodology. 相似文献
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Taha Chaiechi Natalie Stoeckl Diane Jarvis Stephen Lewis Jon Brodie 《The Australian journal of agricultural and resource economics》2016,60(3):386-405
Ocean turbidity (associated with sediment from rivers) can significantly impact reef health. In Australia, there are many plans to reduce sediment loads by encouraging best management practices; there is also interest in the use of market‐based instruments. But it is exceedingly difficult to assess the potential efficacy of market policies, since that requires one to determine how changes in the socio‐economic system (e.g. price changes) impact the biophysical (e.g. sediment loads). We use historical data (from 1938 to 2011) in a vector autoregression model to simultaneously model interactions between the economic and biophysical systems in the Burdekin River catchment adjacent to the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) lagoon. This allows us to statistically test for the impact of changes in prices on sediment load, while controlling for biophysical influences. We find that extreme events have the most impact on sediment loads, but that prices also impact sediment loads. Evidently market‐based policies may have the potential to reduce sediment loads. Our empirical results provide useful information for those interested in the Burdekin River catchment and the GBR; the modelling approach may have wide applicability in a variety of contexts. 相似文献
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There is an increasing policy interest in pesticide taxation schemes as a measure to reduce harmful effects of pesticide use. The effectiveness of such tax depends, however, on the price elasticity of demand for pesticides. Moreover, information on these demand elasticities and their determinants is of crucial relevance for policy‐making and normative modeling approaches. In this article, we present a meta‐analysis based on studies that have estimated pesticide demand elasticities in Europe and North America. Our meta‐analysis reveals that the own‐price elasticities of demand for pesticides are, with a median of ?0.28, significantly smaller than zero, but also significantly larger than ?1, i.e. to be inelastic. We find that the demand for pesticides for special crops is less elastic than that for arable and grassland. In addition, the demand for herbicides is more elastic than for other pesticides. Studies that consider only short‐term horizons and little flexibility for farmers to adjust to price changes generate significantly less elastic pesticide demands. The results also indicate that more recent studies identify lower pesticide price elasticities of demand. Furthermore, we find that peer‐reviewed studies tend to find more inelastic results compared to grey literature. 相似文献
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应用能值分析理论与方法、情景模拟方法,定量分析了临沂市2001～2010年农业生态经济系统的投入产出状况、运行效率和环境负荷,揭示临沂市农业生态系统的能值演替的基本趋势,揭示了系统内种植业、牧业、林业、渔业各组分的构成情况及其发展趋势,测算了临沂市2002～2010年的退耕还林效益。结果显示：临沂市2010年农业总投入能值为1.18E+22sej,总产出能值为688E 22sej,可持续发展指数为105;临沂市2001～2010年农业总投入能值呈下降趋势,农业总产出能值呈上升趋势,可持续发展指数呈上升趋势;退耕还林后与退耕前相比,每年能值净增量为105E 19sej/年。结果表明临沂市需要调整农业生态经济结构,增加水产业、畜牧业、林业所占比例;种植业生产应提高农业机械化水平,减少劳动力投入,减少化肥投入量,加大有机肥施用量,提高农业生产技术含量;将需要退耕的941万hm2坡耕地尽快还林,减少能值损失。 相似文献
10.
徐宏 《中国农业资源与区划》2019,40(8):164-170
[目的]农业生态系统是国民经济的基础,是农民生活和农业发展的基础,农业生态系统的稳定和可持续发展对促进我国农业发展和国家稳定具有重大意义。[方法]文章利用能值分析法以2005—2016年为时间序列对江苏省农业生态系统进行研究,通过一系列指标评价其可持续性。[结果](1)环境贡献率分析结果表明,2005—2010年生态环境受到一定的影响,耕地面积逐渐减少,环境受到一定的影响, 2011年后,环境有所改善。(2)能值投入率分析结果表明,整体呈现先下降后上升再下降的趋势, 2007—2012年能值投入率有所升高, 2014年达到最大值, 2014—2016年开始下降,该结果说明2008—2014年经济发展迅速。(3)环境负载率分析结果表明环境负载压力逐年上升,但2014—2016年环境负载率趋于稳定,说明江苏省对环境的利用达到一定的平衡。(4)能值可持续性指数分析结果表明各年指数均在3～4.5之间,说明江苏省农业生态系统处于较好的可持续发展状态。[结论]江苏省农业生态系统整体上发展较好,可持续发展潜力较大,但在发展农业的过程中注意推广先进的科学技术,提高资源利用效率,降低对环境的负载率,促进环境与农业生态的协调发展。 相似文献
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Md Sayed Iftekhar Uwe Latacz‐Lohmann 《The Australian journal of agricultural and resource economics》2017,61(4):557-575
This paper studies the performance of auction design features regarding pricing mechanisms and bid selection criteria for securing wildlife zones across different holdings. We compare two pricing mechanisms: a discriminatory‐price auction and a uniform‐price ascending auction, and four bid selection criteria on the basis of: total bid, bid‐per‐value ratio, bid‐per‐area ratio and a mixed criterion where bids are formed on the basis of cost but they are selected based on the bid‐per‐value ratio. We develop a best‐response group‐bidding model for a discriminatory‐price auction where bidders form optimal group bids for individual wildlife zones. In the uniform‐price ascending auction, individual landholders respond to prices, which are successively raised by the auctioneer and whenever all the landholders from a single zone agree to participate (i.e. the first zone is formed), the auction stops. Based on numerical simulations using a bio‐economic model of malleefowl conservation, we observe that the discriminatory‐price auction is more cost‐effective than the uniform‐price ascending auction. However, the budgetary cost‐effectiveness of a discriminatory‐price auction is sensitive to bidder uncertainty about the number of competing bidder groups and the highest cost of establishing a wildlife zone among these groups. In terms of bid selection, the mixed bid selection criterion performs best. We discuss the policy implications of these findings. 相似文献
12.
《Journal of Property Research》2012,29(3):119-133
Summary The residential property market is dependent upon the overall well‐being of the economy, with movements of the residential property prices following a cyclical movement over time. The macro‐economic factors that influence prices are studied for the United Kingdom and compared with results from other countries. In the United Kingdom's case interest rates, building costs, the number of new housing starts, disposable income, investment in other assets, inflation and expectations play important roles in the determination of residential price movements. In addition, the numbers of new housing developments that are started are determined by interest rates, disposable income, building costs and expectations of property price rises. The building costs are also determined by wage rates, interest rates and the rate of inflation. 相似文献
13.
Panos Fousekis Christos Emmanouilides Vasilis Grigoriadis 《The Australian journal of agricultural and resource economics》2017,61(1):135-153
The objective of this article is to assess the integration of the international skim milk powder (SMP) market. This is pursued using monthly data over 2001 to 2014 from the three principal SMP‐producing regions (the EU, the USA and Oceania) and nonparametric kernel‐based and time‐varying copulas. The empirical results point to a strong and an increasing degree of overall price co‐movement and to statistically significant probabilities for joint price crashes and booms. While the EU and Oceania have been the regions with the highest degree of integration, the USA has been catching up with them. 相似文献
14.
Sabiha Akhter 《The Australian journal of agricultural and resource economics》2017,61(1):172-188
Applying the maximum‐likelihood method of co‐integration, this study analysed spatial market integration between an adjacent rice surplus market (India) and deficit markets (Bangladesh and Nepal). The main focus is on the government policies of these three rice‐producing countries which have been imposed to reduce domestic price volatilities in rice markets during the recent ‘global food crisis’ in 2007–2008. The co‐integration tests find that domestic rice prices of India, Bangladesh and Nepal are integrated both in short‐run and long‐run periods despite the imposition of export restriction policies by India. The reason that prices are transmitted so effectively is most likely to be the widespread informal cross‐border trade through the porous borders among India, Bangladesh and Nepal. 相似文献
15.
[目的]揭示我国鸡饲料市场价格的波动特征和规律。[方法]选用HP滤波、ARCH类模型,运用2001—2016年我国蛋鸡和肉鸡饲料月度市场价格统计数据,分析我国蛋鸡和肉鸡配合饲料市场价格的波动特征和规律。[结果](1)肉鸡饲料价格整体高于蛋鸡饲料价格,但两种饲料价格波动走势相似,总体波动呈“W”型,都经历4个阶段,大致分别呈“V”“U”“/”和倒“U”型,两种饲料价格波动率序列均具有明显的“右偏、尖峰、厚尾”特征,且都不服从正态分布;(2)两种饲料价格均存在显著的ARCH效应,且两者价格波动率具有明显的集聚效应,持续性特征比较明显,价格冲击对两者价格波动的影响持续时间长;两种饲料市场均不存在“高风险高回报”特征;两者价格波动具有显著的非对称性,且价格上涨信息引发的波动比价格下跌信息引发的波动要大。[结论]我国蛋鸡和肉鸡配合饲料市场价格的波动特征和规律相似且一致。 相似文献
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Existing tests of spatial market integration are commonly based on statistical criteria without an explicit link to an economic model of price determination. This article proposes new measures of market integration defined directly in terms of a well-known spatial price determination model and develops an econometric methodology for estimating these measures. Due to the intractability of the conditional density function of prices, we use indirect inference to estimate the model parameters and market integration measures. The methodology is illustrated with simulated data and is applied to soybean price data for the United States, Brazil, and the EU. 相似文献
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Garrett Graddy‐Lovelace PhD 《Journal of Agrarian Change》2018,18(1):43-66
In the wake of Cuba's far‐reaching, halting economic reforms, geopolitical rapprochement and trade openings with the United States (US) offer opportunities and risks for Cuban small‐scale farmers and agrarian cooperatives: pressures, paradoxes and potential abound. Meanwhile, on the margins, agro‐ecologically oriented tours bring admiring US students, farmers and agrarian advocates. Cubans concur that the country must solve key problems in its agricultural sector to overcome the contradictions of its agri‐food model, and that this entails more exchange with the US – but in what capacity and on what terms? The current crossroads begs the classic agrarian question, even as it updates it. Having experienced and survived the promises and disasters of both capitalist and communist agricultural economies, Cuban farmers expand the original ‘peasant’ protagonist. As they navigate new non‐state markets and recent re‐entrenchment of state control of prices, Cuban farmers and cooperatives struggle to avoid monopolizing tendencies of unfettered capitalist as well as communist agricultural economies – both of which have historically been ecologically damaging. US agribusiness courts Cuba, but not as mere unidirectional capture: Cubans are inviting and leveraging trade to end the embargo, which is increasingly being modified altogether. Key Cuban agrarian principles of resilience and cooperativismo have persisted through capitalist and communist crises: could they influence prospects for agro‐industrial hegemony from the North? 相似文献
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