Firm agglomeration and local poverty reduction: evidence from an economy in transition

We examine the linkages between firm agglomeration and the welfare of households in Vietnam. We measured firm agglomeration by per capita firm output at the district level and household welfare by per capita income, expenditure, and poverty. We find that firm agglomeration helps households move from the informal sector to the formal sector. As a result, there is a positive effect of firm agglomeration on per capita income, per capita expenditure, and poverty reduction, albeit of a small and time‐decreasing magnitude. The effect of firm agglomeration on per capita expenditure tends to be higher for households with men, younger, and more educated heads than households with women, older, and less educated heads. Households in rural areas and those that do not have crop land are more likely to benefit from firm agglomeration than those living in urban areas and having crop land.     

运输成本、土地价格与生产集聚区迁移

论文将差异化固定成本引入新经济地理学的中心一外围模型,建立了一个两地区、两部门模型,讨论了生产集聚区在不同固定成本地区之间的迁移,以此来解释和分析在城市的发展和建设中普遍存在的制造业生产向郊区迁移的过程。主要结论为：企业不会自发地向郊区迁移,即使因为郊区地价低廉发生了企业迁移,也仅是个别企业的逐利行为,而整个集聚区的迁移是不能发生的。政府干预是必要的,一是压低迁移目的地的土地价格,另外就是适时加强迁移目的地的基础设施建设,两种措施要循序渐进才能有效推动生产集聚区迁移。     

Towards a welfare model of trade and multinational firms with oligopolistic competition

This paper constructs a general equilibrium model in a world with two-symmetric countries. It explains welfare gains from international trade and horizontal Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the economy with firm heterogeneity and variable markups stemming from oligopolistic competition. My model shows that the pro-competitive effects of trade and horizontal FDI happen because trade openness induces an increase in product market competition that reduces markups and toughens selection, increasing aggregate productivity. The most significant contribution of the paper is that multinational firms, via horizontal FDI, produce the most significant welfare gains through the toughest selection and lowest markups.     

Heterogeneous industrial agglomeration,technological innovation and haze pollution

Haze pollution is becoming more and more prominent in recent years with the development of China's economy. This article studies how different types of industrial agglomeration contribute to haze pollution. Based on a panel data of 264 Chinese cities from 2003 to 2016, a spatial econometric model was adopted to analyze the related variety and unrelated variety impact on haze pollution and further investigate the moderating effect of technological innovation. The results show that: (1) There is an inverted U-shaped relationship between related variety and haze pollution, however, the overall variety aggravates haze pollution. (2) Technological innovation can significantly alleviate haze pollution, and the level of technological innovation can strengthen the inverted U-shaped relationship between variety and haze pollution.     

环境规制与中国生产率的动态变化:基于异质性企业视角

本文基于异质性企业分析框架,研究了环境规制如何通过要素替代、创新补偿以及资源重置3种渠道塑造中国企业和行业生产率的静态与动态变化过程。研究发现,在企业层面上,环境规制会提升高效企业生产率,降低低效企业生产率。在行业层面上,环境规制强度提高将不利于资源错配严重行业的加总生产率增长。我们基于1998-2007年中国微观企业数据验证了上述结论和3种渠道各自的作用。因此要实现环境改善型的技术进步不仅需要各级政府坚定不移地执行环境保护政策,更重要的是减少要素在行业内和行业间流动的摩擦以及各种制度性障碍,降低行业资源错配程度。     

Exports, FDI, and Productivity: Dynamic Evidence from Japanese Firms

This paper examines the relationship between exports, foreign direct investment, and firm productivity. Using longitudinal panel data on Japanese firms, it is found that the most productive firms engage in exports and foreign direct investment, medium productive firms engage in either exports or foreign direct investment, and the least productive firms focus only on the domestic market. Moreover, exports and foreign direct investment appear to improve firm productivity once the productivity convergence effect is controlled for. Firms that retain a presence in foreign markets, either by exports or foreign direct investment, show the highest productivity growth, which contributes to improvements in national productivity. JEL no. F10, F20, D21     

How the Internet Promotes China's Exports: A Firm‐level Perspective

The development of information and communications technology (ICT), particularly the Internet, has reduced trade costs. However, it remains unclear whether these reduced costs are reflected in the “extensive margins” of firms’ exports (which refer to the probability of firms exporting) or the “intensive margins” (which refer to the value of firms’ export). To test this, we used the concepts of information cost and binary margins, an augmented trade model of firm heterogeneity, a two‐stage Heckman estimation, and data from the World Bank Enterprise Survey of Chinese firms in 2012. The results revealed that reduced trade costs from the use of ICT were positively related to extensive margins but that the connection with intensive margins was not significant. The results lead to the conclusion that reduced information costs related to a firm's exporting behavior were primarily reflected in variable trade costs. This study offers theoretical and empirical evidence for China's policies towards the Internet, which are relevant for the export of manufactured goods. The government should encourage the use of ICT to enhance firms’ export opportunities while facing current trade policy uncertainty.     

重庆市高新技术产业聚焦状况及特征分析

基于集聚理论的高新技术产业经过多年的发展，已呈现出明显的集聚特征，并产生了相应的集聚效益。本文通过对重庆市高新技术产业的分析，概括了其特征，指出不足之处，并针对性地提出优化高新技术产业布局，加快重庆市高新技术产业发展的建议。     

异质性企业贸易理论研究综述

以Mehtz（2003）模型为基础,对异质性企业的研究形成了两个分支：一支是沿着Melitz（2003）假定不断发展,推出了众多可以进行实证检验的假说;另一支是由Antras开创,沿着厂商内生性边界展开,将新制度经济学的不完全契约思想纳入一体化和外包的商业模式选择。文章对异质性企业理论及其拓展模型进行梳理,并对Helpman（2008）加入劳动异质性变量后异质性企业贸易理论的最新拓展进行了介绍。     

国内外智慧城市群研究与实践述评

城市群是信息化和城镇化发展过程中的主要空间载体,是区域发展的重要增长极。将智慧城市融合到城市群中,在协同发展的基础上打造智慧城市群,为解决城市群的不平衡发展提供了巨大机遇。阐述了城市群与智慧城市的发展历程、智慧城市群的内涵,认为智慧城市发展契合城市群建设,城市群建设带动智慧城市相关产业发展。梳理了近三年国内外文献以及国内外智慧城市群建设的典型实践,提出了当前我国智慧城市群研究的不足与后续研究的展望。     

武汉城市圈经济社会协调发展的路径选择

本文将武汉城市圈中九个城市主体的关系放在帕森斯的AG-IL模型中进行分析,提出影响武汉城市圈"秩序整合"和协调发展的"四因素"。认为"政治因素"是影响武汉城市圈"秩序整合"和协调发展的"关键因素"和"建构因素",直接关系着其发展目标的实现方式和实现程度,"其它三因素"是"反建构因素",对"政治因素"形成"反建构性","反建构性"的方式也关系着整合实现的实际状况。然后分析"建构性"因素与"反建构性"因素的相互作用,初步探索出一条适合武汉城市圈经济社会协调发展的路径。     

经营性负债、代理成本与公司价值

以我国上市公司2001-2010年的数据为样本,实证分析经营性负债对代理成本和公司价值的影响。研究结果表明,经营性负债能够有效抑制经理人对股东的代理成本,提升公司价值。进一步研究发现,外部来源的经营性负债和内部来源的经营性负债在抑制代理成本和提升公司价值方面没有显著差异。这一研究结论丰富了债权人治理的相关理论,并对现实中企业债务结构安排具有启示意义。     

Exchange Rate Volatility,Heterogeneous Firms and Market Concentration

With the gradual promotion of market‐oriented reform of the RMB exchange rate, the fluctuation range of the RMB exchange rate is increasing. How to deal with the impact of exchange rate volatility on Chinese exports is an important challenge faced by China. This paper finds that although exchange rate volatility, as a whole, has a negative impact on exports, high‐productivity exporters are less prone to exchange rate volatility shock in both intensive and extensive margins. As high‐productivity firms are less affected by exchange rate risk, they account for larger market shares. This paper, from a new perspective, provides evidence that increasing productivity helps mitigate the negative impact of exchange volatility on exports.     

鄱阳湖生态经济区城市群发展SWOT分析及对策建议

运用SWOT分析方法对鄱阳湖生态经济区城市群发展的优势、劣势、机会和威胁进行了全面分析,借助SWOT分析确定了该区内部和外部环境,为鄱阳湖生态经济区城市群展提供政策依据和建议。     

企业:生产成本和交易成本总和的节约

交易成本理论和团队生产理论分别从交易成本与生产成本的角度论证了企业的存在。本文通过列举一个生产成本和交易成本相互转换(即朝不同方向变化)的例子，来说明这两种理论都是片面的，并且试图在不同内涵企业起源理论基础上建立一种生产成本和交易成本总和节约导致企业存在的分析框架。     

Interaction in investment among rival Japanese firms

This paper develops a simple framework for investigating the variation in firms' investment behavior across industrial sectors and over time. We divide the economy into three tiers: major industrial sectors, businesses, and firms, and focus on the impact of business-level interaction on firms investment behavior. After controlling for unobservable firm-specific effects, business-specific effects, and a changing economic environment, we find that the investment and profitability of competitors help explain variations in investment across firms in major Japanese industrial sectors.     

城市群整合与发展战略研究

世界发展呈现城市化的主要空间态势,区域竞争力更多地以城市群显现出来,因而,经济和社会发展在政策层面上应具有宽泛而长期的城市眼光。同时,在世界日益网络化的进程中,城市群整合既具有微观的经济基础,也具有中观的演化逻辑。城市群整合具有空间（地理）的、经济的、规划的多重意义,城市群整合是空间要素为了完成既定的空间标的而采用不同的空间过程优化策略,其整合空间形态不仅取决于城市群聚落已有的纹理和密度,还取决于文化、政治和社会因素。     

深莞惠经济一体化的内涵与特征探析

经济一体化是优化空间布局,实现区域协调发展的重要手段。本文在对经济一体化概念深入研究的基础上,指出深莞惠的经济一体化是城市圈类型的区域经济一体化;它受区域外部城市香港、广州的巨大影响;实质是发挥比较优势,实现合理的区域分工;发展模式将从城市经济向区域经济转变;其战略实施的核心在于区域政策与空间规划的综合运用。     

Heterogeneous multinational firms and productivity gains from falling FDI barriers

This paper quantitatively assesses the impact of falling foreign direct investment (FDI) barriers on individual firms and its implications for intra-industry reallocation and aggregate productivity. We calibrate the firm-heterogeneity model of Eaton et al. (Econometrica 79(5):1453–1498, 2011) to match micro-level data on Japanese multinational firms facing fixed and variable costs of foreign production. We demonstrate that the calibrated model can be used to replicate the entry and sales patterns of Japanese multinationals. Counterfactual simulations show that declining FDI barriers lead to a disproportionate expansion of foreign production by more efficient firms relative to less efficient firms. A hypothetical 20 % reduction in FDI barriers is found to generate up to a 26.8 % improvement in industry-level productivity through global market-share reallocations within the industry. Compared with fixed entry barriers, reallocation effects and productivity gains are larger for a reduction of variable costs of foreign production.