农业政策与农业经济增长的关系研究

二十世纪初五六十年代,农业现代化在全世界基本上实现。我国农业现代化伴随新中国工业化的进程可划分为三个阶段,农业政策相应经历了农业剥夺、农业支持和农业多予三种取向。随着"十二五"规划的实施,"工业支持农业、城市反哺农村",使得农村经济增长获得了前所未有的历史发展机遇。根据我国现在经济发展新阶段的形势来判断,应该构建农业收入支持、农业营销支持、农业生产支持和农业基础设施支持四大农业政策系统。     

加入WTO与中国农业国内支持政策改革

许多研究表明,农业是中国加入WTO后所受影响和挑战最大的产业,目前美国关于农业国内支持与补贴的无理要价,不仅使中国加入WTO谈判的最后进程受阻,而且对在整体上不具国际商业竞争优势的中国农业形成更为严峻的挑战,今后中国农业要起应对加入WTO的挑战,必须从现在开始,抓紧调整和改革农业国内支持政策,从根本上提高中国农业的竞争能力。     

国内外农业公共支持政策对北京农业发展的借鉴研究

从国内外的农业发展经验看，世界各国都在进行广泛的农业政策支持．特别是发达国家。研究这些国家农业政策支持的主要内容，改革的方向和成效以及农业政策的变化对北京农业的发展有着重要的借鉴意义。因此，北京市科委对此课题进行立项，研究国内外农业公共支持政策及其对北京农业发展的启示，为北京制订相关政策提供依据。     

新阶段中国农业产业化经营的财政支持政策体系研究

文章系统研究了新阶段中国农业产业化发展的有利条件及存在的问题,按照公共财政理论提出了新阶段中国财政支持农业产业化的基本原则和重点领域,从建立农业产业化投入稳定增长的财政引导机制出发,构建了新阶段中国农业产业化经营的财政支持政策体系.     

WTO框架下国际农业政策走势分析

国际农业政策目前正经历着由传统农业保护向现代农业支持的历史性转轨；本文首先系统分析了农业保护与农业支持的科学内涵、基本特征及主要区别，在此基础上，科学论证了当前国际农业政策变迁的基本格局及其内在动因，从而为我国农业政策的选择提供了必要的理论依据。     

美国农业支持政策对我国农业发展的借鉴

美国的农业现代化是借助于制度、市场和科技三者来实现的。文章讨论了美国现代农业支持模式,结合对我国资源禀赋、科技条件和经济发展状况等方面的分析,提出我国农业发展应该从对农民收入的直接补贴、进一步完善农业对外贸易政策和完善现代农业科学技术的研究和推广体系等方面入手,来实现中国农业现代化。     

国外农业支持政策及其启示

本文考察国外农业和农村发展政策的目标体系,财政支农的架构特点,以欧盟的农业支持政策为例,重点研究其在市场价格支持政策、直接补贴政策、政府公益服务支出以及基础设施建设四个方面的具体支出力度和政策的执行情况.文章认为,欧盟的价格支持政策和科研、推广、农业基础设施建设扶持等经验,能够提高农民生产的积极性和农业生产能力,值得借鉴.     

改善我国农业补贴的政策建议

农业补贴是政府对农业支持与保护的最主要、最常用的政策工具，我国农业的发展需要得到政府的支持和保护。从2002年以来，我国相继出台了一系列关于农业补贴的政策，为了了解这些农业补贴政策的实施效果，我们到四川、湖南、河南等地调研，通过深入调研，发现我国实施农业补贴还存在不少的问题，需要加以补充和完善。下面提出关于改善我国农业补贴的一些政策建议：     

国外主要发达国家农业政策分析及启示

发达国家都实施了各具特色的农业支持保护政策。美国实行了农产品价格补贴、贸易补贴和生态补贴政策,保障了世界最大农产品出口国的地位;欧盟在价格补贴的基础上,为规避WTO规则,实施了单一农场支付补贴体系,并增加支持农村发展的内容;日本通过高筑贸易壁垒来保护农业,其中农协的作用非常突出。中国应吸取发达国家的经验,增加对农业的补贴,特别是生态补贴,积极促进各种农民合作组织的发展,在推进城镇化的同时,注意保护农村文化。     

从"负保护"到积极的政策性农业保险运作--当前中国农业保护政策的必然选择

本文认为当前中国的农业保护政策体系欠缺风险保障制度，而国外已普遍实行政府参与或对农业保险提供保费补贴的农业保险支持五笔型，中国目前尚属空缺，导致农业保险业务持续萎缩，因此，调整目前政府在农业保险领域的政策是农业保险得以发展的重要保证。     

新政解读

公积金贷款购房新的购房政策在公积金贷款的最高额度、首付比例、贷款计算期限等发面给予诸多优惠:购买自住商品住房和二手住房的,商品住房公积金贷款最低首付比例下调至20%,二手住房公积金贷款最低首付比例下调至30%。在符合贷款条件的情况下,商品住房最高可贷额度由原来的30万元提高至     

Policies towards multinationals

The ‘complete package’ of private foreign investment presented by the multinational enterprise has not only the advantages frequently claimed for it, but has also serious weaknesses, particularly for international income distribution. High international mobility of scarce, rent and quasi-rent earning factors (technical know-how, management, marketing), combined with no international mobility of unskilled and semi-skilled labour in highly elastic supply domestically implies an uneven division of gains. To prevent the lion's share going to the lion, bargaining strategies are suggested that enable the developing host country to share in some of the rents and quasi-rents.     

政策价值观浅论

公共政策能否满足政策价值主体的需要直接影响到政策价值观的形成、变化和发展。而政策价值观一旦形成,就具有相对稳定性,并反过来影响公共政策的制定和执行,因此,值得加强对政策价值观的研究。本文对政策价值与政策价值观的关系;政策价值观的分类;政策价值观的构成要素;政策价值观对政策价值主体行为的影响等四个问题作了比较深入的分析。     

Monetary Policies versus Regulatory Policies: Management of Peer to Peer Market Interest Rates

This paper studies how monetary and regulatory policies manage peer to peer (P2P) interest rates. Based on selected representative monetary and regulatory policies, this paper finds that easy monetary policies reduce the demand for online loans, thus reducing the market's interest rates. Monetary policies may increase the supply of online loans through rational expectation channels or reduce the demand for online loans through bank risk‐taking channels. Normative market‐based regulatory policy enables the P2P market to return to rationality, eliminates high‐risk investors and borrowers, and subsequently reduces market interest rates. Risk disposal‐based regulatory policy reduces market supply to some extent, resulting in a small increase in interest rates. Both easy monetary policies and regulatory policies have a great impact on the normal platforms. The interest rate of high‐risk platforms is less affected by the relevant policies, which is evidence that such platforms do not behave in accordance with the financial rules in general. Monetary policies mainly affect platforms with interest rates in a relatively normal range, while regulatory policies mainly focus on platforms with abnormal interest rates.     

如何把服务业政策落到实处

与《意见》的出台同样引起关注的是《意见》的实施和落实。北京将会有什么样的措施来保证《意见》的实施呢？     

Explaining Sunday Shop Policies

Summary Sunday shop opening is deregulated to the municipal level in the Netherlands. Despite positive effects on economic growth and employment, many municipalities restrict Sunday shop opening. Based on 2003 data we will show that diverse local characteristics, as the size of municipalities and religious and political affiliation, play a major role in decisions about Sunday shop opening. The evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that municipal control results in a considerable variation in policies. As this variation is related to significant differences between municipalities, reasons exist to decentralize the decision on Sunday shopping opening. We thank A.M.W. Wojcik and the CBS for providing some of the data and two anonymous referees, M. Goos, J.S. Ferris and B. Melenberg for comments on an earlier version.     

Policies for economic growth

Summary The old growth theory of the 1950s led to certain conclusions about the sorts of economic policies that would promote economic growth, and also about their limitations. The new growth theory of the 1980s makes much stronger assumptions and leads to correspondingly stronger conclusions about the scope of growth-promoting policy. This article argues that: (1) empirical work so far has neither confirmed nor denied the strong assumptions underlying the new theory; (2) the theory is worth pursuing because of its intrinsic interest and the possibilities it opens up; (3) whatever the final verdict on the new theory, both theory and evidence support the belief that significant long-run gains, even if not permanent changes in the growth rate, can be achieved by increased investment in the broadest sense, including human capital, technological knowledge, and industrial plant and equipment.Fifth Tinbergen Lecture delivered on October 4, 1991, in Amersfoort for the Royal Netherlands Economic Association     

中关村科技融资政策解读

中关村科技园在打造的科技金融创新体系中，强化了政府专项资金对重大科技成果与产业化早期项目的支持：出台了包括鼓励信贷专营机构设立；开展担保融资、知识产权质押贷款、信用保险和贸易融资、股权质押贷款、小额贷款等创新试点；开展科技保险试点；