新公司法下股东与债权人利益平衡制度之重构

我国新公司法修正案在给予股东出资自由之时却忽视了债权人的利益，严重削弱了原有的债权人保护体系，造成了股东与债权人利益的失衡。新公司资本制度下，股东与债权人在股东瑕疵出资、出资补缴责任和公司人格否认适用等问题上的利益平衡产生了变化，亟待重新梳理和重构。     

论股东瑕疵出资的法律责任

股东瑕疵出资主要表现为股东根本未出资、未足额出资、未适当出资和抽逃出资等违反《公司法》关于股东出资义务的情形。基本可以归纳为虚假出资和抽逃出资两类。为保证公司资本的充实,维护公司出资股东、债权人和社会公众的利益,公司的发起人或股东应当承担相应的瑕疵出资责任。     

论公司债权人权益保护

公司的有限责任是公司法律制度的基础,现代企业制度要求保护公司债权人利益.对公司债权人的权益保护主要包括设立过程中债权人利益保护,公司经营中债权人利益的保护,重大事项公开制度,公司合并、分立中的债权人利益保护,公司清算中债权人保护,在公司已被注销而未清算的情况下,公司债权人利益保护等.     

论有限责任公司股东对公司债权人的责任

公司人格独立和股东承担有限责任是公司法的两大基本原则，由这两大基本原则决定，一般情况下有限责任公司(以下简称公司)股东和公司债权人无直接法律关系，因而无须对公司债权人直接承担法律责任。但是，股东对公司债权人不直接承担责任原则也不能绝对化，因为公司毕竟是由股东出资设立的，公司设立后也是由股东控制，公司实际上是股东用来赚钱的工具，况且公司法规定股东对公司债权人不直接承担法律责任是有前提的，     

劳务出资浅析

学界对劳务的含义并无统一的解释,法学意义上的劳务表现为某种行为,该行为的结果通常是有形的、可视的和便于评价的。限制劳务出资的根本原因在于公司资本的担保功能和债权人的权益保护。虽然劳务具有不确定性和人身专属性,但不能以此否认劳务出资的必要性。我们应有限制地允许劳务出资,建立和完善相应制度措施,以切实维护公司、股东和债权人的合法权益。     

公司设立、注册资本与资产评估

公司设立要求按照公司法由股东出资作为注册资本，股东可以用货币出资，也可以用实物、知识产权、非专利技术、土地使用权、股权等形式作价出资。实物部分应由具有法定资格的会计师事务所、评估机构评估作价，有利于保证资本真实，更好地保护债权人的合法权益，维护社会经济秩序。     

新《公司法》的创新制度安排

新<公司法>于2005年10月27日审议通过,修订后的<公司法>在公司设立和出资、鼓励公司自治、完善公司法人治理结构、保护公司交易安全、健全对股东尤其是中小股东利益保护机制、强化公司社会责任等方面做出重要修改和创新的制度安排.     

劳务出资浅析

学界对劳务的含义并无统一的解释,法学意义上的劳务表现为某种行为,该行为的结果通常是有形的、可视的和便于评价的。限制劳务出资的根本原因在于公司资本的担保功能和债权人的权益保护。虽然劳务具有不确定性和人身专属性,但不能以此否认劳务出资的必要性。我们应有限制地允许劳务出资,建立和完善相应制度措施,以切实维护公司、股东和债权人的合法权益。     

论公司成立时资本显著不足的责任承担——应否援引公司法人格否认制度之我见

公司资本显著不足的原因有很多,但是在其成立之时所形成的资本显著不足的原因主要有两个,一是虽实缴出资但无法承担实际经营中的风险所造成的事实上的资本不足;二是股东虚假出资、出资不实所造成的实有资本远远低于注册资本所造成的资本不足。二者都会对债权人的权益造成侵害,而该如何承担此责任,可否运用公司法人格否认制度来让股东对找劝人承担责任,则需要具体问题具体分析。     

我国公司股东出资形式探析

出资是公司资本形成的一个关键，在公司设立时股东出资构成公司资本，是公司设立中的重要步骤，也是股东最基本义务；其中，股东出资标的物的选择、出资份额的确定最直接地影响着资本的真实，最显明地体现了公司法在安全、效率、公正价值理念追求中的博弈．最敏感地触及到公司、股东、债权人之间的利益冲突。因此各国对股东出资的形式均有明确规定，但由于各国的法律传统和实际情况不同对股东出资形式和内容又有着不同程度的差异。在我国随着市场经济的深化发展，为适应现实需要立方在机关对我国公司法进行了新的修订，其中有关股东出资形式的规定较原公司法有了很大进步。本文从股东出资的意义出发通过比较国外相关立法，在一定程度上对我国新公司法股东出资形式进行探析。     

Penetration and Post-infection Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Tobacco as Treated by Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain P-72-10

The bio-control potential of rhizospere bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens against plant-parasite nematode had been demonstrated. P. fluorescens had shown the effect to enhance tobacco resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Inoculation with P. fluoreseens in tobacco could lead to significant reductions in the number of juveniles that penetrated tobacco root and further life stage development of the juveniles. The number of juveniles penetrated into tobac- co root in treatment with P. fluorescens is significantly different from CK at 2DAI, 6DAI, 8DAI and 10DAI. Significant reduction and delayed development of juveniles that penetrated into tobacco root and treated were observed in treatment at 14DAI, 21DAI, 28DAI and 35DAI. In addition, P. fluoreseens treatment leads to a significant reduction in the number of eggs per egg-mass at 35 DAI. The results show P. fluorescens induced a continuously suppression on root-knot nema- tode M. incognita throughout their entire early infection phase of root penetration, subsequent life stage development and reproduction.     

利用膜技术回收利用碱性废水研究进展

回顾了利用膜分离技术处理碱性废水的工艺与综合利用技术所取得的丰硕成果，总结了各种治理方法的特点、适用性及发展方向。     

Taxing Times in Indonesia: The Challenge of Restoring Competitiveness and the Search for Fiscal Space

Indonesia’s economic growth picked up slightly in mid-2016 but remains below the level demanded by government and popular aspirations. Despite a plethora of reforms intended to increase efficiency and productivity, some policies are perverse and longstanding problems of implementation remain. The share of manufacturing has declined, the real exchange rate has appreciated, exports have dwindled, and growth has been trending downwards. The banking sector is stable but inefficient, with wide net interest margins and numerous barriers to competition. Trade protection, particularly in basic food commodities, has created high costs that weigh particularly heavily on the poor. Declining government revenues have placed increasing pressure on the public budget, even as the current administration aims to increase spending on infrastructure and welfare and to enhance productivity. In an effort to increase revenues, the government has announced a tax amnesty program and other measures. In addition, Sri Mulyani Indrawati, the new finance minister, has taken steps to cut non-essential expenditure in order to secure high spending on infrastructure and at the same time keep within the 3% budget deficit limit stipulated by law. Although the overall debt situation is not yet alarming, declining revenues and budget cuts that do not fully reflect this decline are putting pressure on increasing debt levels. The government’s high-profile tax amnesty program was the major policy initiative implemented in the second half of 2016 that aimed to relieve this pressure. Despite widespread criticism of, and scepticism about, the tax amnesty (both within and outside Indonesia), its first phase had a much higher participation rate than most independent accounts expected. Revenues raised so far through the amnesty are less than 60% of the official target, but this is actually a strong result for the short term. The bigger question, however, is whether the amnesty is a key element of a more encompassing strategy to overhaul the system of taxation and tax administration.     

The causes of Japan's ‘lost decade’: The role of household consumption

In this paper, I analyze the causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and find that the stagnation of investment, especially private fixed investment, was the primary culprit. I then investigate the causes of the stagnation of household consumption during the 1990s and find that the stagnation of household disposable income, the decline in household wealth, and increased uncertainty about the future are among the contributing factors. Finally, I consider whether demand side factors or supply side factors were more important as causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and conclude that the former (especially misguided government policies) were probably more important.     

我国发展天文旅游的条件、前景探析及策略思考

天文旅游资源从成因可以分为行星地球天文旅游资源、天体天文旅游资源和天文文化旅游资源三类。天文旅游方兴未艾,我国天文旅游具有很大发展前景。文章对我国开展天文旅游的条件进行了分析,对发展天文旅游的策略和措施进行了梳理。     

城市社会的开放与农民的城市化

城市社会在对农民的开放与封闭之中徘徊。改革开放后城市社会对农民的开放已经使很多农民城市化。城市社会对农民的封闭已由政策性封闭转向经济性封闭。城市社会对农民的封闭增加了农民城市化的成本和社会风险。必须加强城市社会对农民的开放,逐步消除对农民的封闭政策,以推进农民的城市化。     

信息化时代商学院图书馆的建设与发展——中、美四大名校商学院图书馆建设的比较与启示

信息化时代中美商学院图书馆的建设与发展,成为当今时代高等商学教育发展与进步的一个重要环节,对中美四大商学院图书馆的发展状况、差距进行分析比较,对促进我国商学院图书馆事业的改革、建设和发展具有一定的启示作用和参考价值。