中国城镇居民的职业流动性研究——来自微观数据的经验分析

采用了微观的城镇居民调查数据,对我国当前职业流动的特征进行了考查,研究了性别、年龄、教育程度、婚姻状况及收入水平等劳动者的个体特征与职业流动性之间的关系。不同性别之间的职业流动并无显著差异,教育程度越高的流动性越强,未婚者的流动性低于已婚者,劳动者的流动性与收入水平成反比,而职业流动性随着年龄的增大而减小。     

中国城镇居民的职业流动性研究——来自微观数据的经验分析

采用了微观的城镇居民调查数据,对我国当前职业流动的特征进行了考查,研究了性别、年龄、教育程度、婚姻状况及收入水平等劳动者的个体特征与职业流动性之间的关系.不同性别之间的职业流动并无显著差异,教育程度越高的流动性越强,未婚者的流动性低于已婚者,劳动者的流动性与收入水平成反比,而职业流动性随着年龄的增大而减小.     

粮食主产区农村劳动力就业区域选择的影响因素分析——基于江西省284份调查问卷

利用Logistic回归模型对江西农村劳动力就业区域选择的影响因素进行了计量分析,结果表明年龄越大农村劳动力省外就业的意愿越低,上年务工月收入对农村劳动力省外就业有积极作用,务工途径对农村劳动力省外就业有显著影响,性别、婚姻状况、文化程度及家庭特征变量等因素对农村劳动力省外就业的影响不明显。     

女性社会地位影响因素实证研究——以湖北地区为例

女性社会地位的提高对中国向小康社会平稳地过渡起着重要的作用。研究构建了一个女性社会地位影响因素模型,并通过多元回归分析对模型进行了验证。研究结果表明,家务分工、生育孩子数量、年龄、受教育程度、收入和自我认可程度影响妇女的社会地位,其中对自己能力的信心、家务分工、受教育程度是影响妇女社会地位的最关键因素。     

基于微(小)型汽车市场的影响消费者购买行为的消费者特性分析

在这篇文章中，选取性别、居住城市、职业、文化程度、年龄、家庭人口、家庭月平均收入、住房类型、住房面积9个变量作为消费者特性变量，选取消费者近期是否购买微(小)型汽车作为行为变量，然后以消费者特性变量为自变量而行为变量为因变量，使用最优尺度回归方法建立回归模型，以此模型为基础对消费者特性进行分析。分析结论为：消费者的家庭月平均收入、职业、年龄、文化程度和住房类型对其购买行为产生显著影响，且影响程度差别很大，其中最重要的两个影响特性是家庭月平均收入和职业；此外，若对第一次购车消费者和第二次购车消费者加以区分，则所得显著影响特性又有不同。文章最后还给出了结论的可能应用。     

农村流动妇女生育的潜力、意愿及影响因素研究——基于机器学习算法的实证检验

基于2018年中国流动人口动态监测调查数据(CMDS),使用机器学习算法探究农村流动妇女生育的潜力、意愿及影响因素。研究结果表明：第一，农村流动妇女总体生育水平较低但生育潜力较大；第二，对农村流动妇女生育意愿影响最显著的特征主要有包括生育数量、是否已育男孩、是否已育女孩在内的生育特征，以及年龄、受教育程度、健康状况等个人特征；第三，生育数量、年龄、受教育程度、是否已育男孩是影响农村流动妇女生育意愿的四个最重要因素。基于此，一方面要重视农村流动妇女生育数量的增加，对其生育行为由监管控制转向鼓励支持，并针对性地引导有生育潜力的农村流动妇女生育；另一方面要注意农村流动妇女生育质量和结构的提升，提高农村流动人口优生优育服务水平，完善农村流动人口的养老保障体系以降低“男孩偏好”。     

80年代后期中国女性省际流动Logistic回归分析

基于 1 990年 1 %抽样原始数据带 ,对 80年代后期中国女性省际流动人口流动的滞留时间、城乡流动取向、产业取向等行为用 Logistic回归进行了因素分析。结果表明 ,女性省际流动的滞留时间、市镇乡流向、产业流向不仅受到她们年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、原籍地类型等微观特征 ,以及流动原因等微观因素的影响 ,还受到流入地和流出地和流出地经济状况等宏观因素的影响。各因素间的交互作用也对流动行为有重要影响     

欠发达地区农民工保险需求偏好及影响因素探究——基于陕西省西安市的调研数据

农民工作为城市中的弱势群体,面对大量风险却缺乏独立承担风险的能力。其保险保障问题也是当前社会的热点和难点问题。本文利用西安市实地调研数据,针对农民工保险需求问题,采用序数效用函数和多项有序回归模型进行实证研究。结果表明:农民工的保险需求偏好依次为医疗保险、养老保险、商业保险、失业保险、工伤保险、生育保险;年龄、受教育程度、婚姻状况、身体状况、企业类型、技能培训、工作场所和月工资收入是影响农民工保险实际需求的主要因素。     

经济转型期的农业人力资本流动研究

我国正经历着从二元经济向一元经济的转型,在转型期,我国农村存在着大量农村富余劳动力,解决农村劳动力过剩问题将在很大程度上推进农业现代化进程。引用费景汉—拉尼斯模型阐述了经济转型期农业人力资本流动的基本规律,并针对陕西省538名农村劳动力的外出就业意向进行调查,分析影响农村劳动力流动的因素主要包括劳动者的年龄、婚姻状况、工作经验以及受教育程度等。指出加快农业人力资本教育投入、完善相关社会管理制度、发挥政府引导职能等是加快我国农村富余劳动力有序流动之良策。     

两地户口婚姻:类型分布、教育匹配及地域特征——以上海市为例

从“两地户口婚姻”入手,剖析这种以“户口”为单一标准的婚姻形式的内部差异性及其教育、地域匹配特点.在两地户口婚姻的四种不同类型中,“本地男+流动女”的结合占比重最大,其次是“迁移男+流动女”的结合.从教育匹配来看,“本地+流动”组合属于“弱弱结合”,而“迁移+流动”组合则属于“强强结合”.教育同类婚是教育匹配的主要类型,跨层匹配的比例随所跨层数的增多而减少.从地域分布上来看,迁移/流动男和迁移/流动女主要来自中部地区,且男女两性在来源地分布上差异不大.“本地+流动”组合类型中,本地人口倾向于找来源地为东部沿海和中部这些距离上海近的区域的人做配偶.同来源地婚姻则是“迁移+流动”组合类型的主要形式.     

Associations Between Organizational/Individual Factors and the Intentions of Employees

Abstract

This study of a university school foodservice operation examines whether a positive or negative association exists between the individual and organizational factors and the intentions to stay or leave the current job for foodservice employees or internal customers. The individual factors include job status, service length, age, education level, and job position. The organizational factors include several job characteristics, intrinsic motivation, formalization, participative decision-making and psychological stress. Job characteristics indicated a significant positive impact on university retention across the job characteristics of autonomy, feedback, dealing with others, and variety. The organizational factors of perceived formalization and participative decision-making also had a significant positive impact on university employee retention. The organizational factors of intrinsic motivation, task identity, and friendship opportunities did not have a statistically significant positive or negative impact on university employee retention yet had the directions of relationship that was expected. Finally, psychological stress had a negative impact on university employee retention. The article ends with suggestions for future research and limitations of the current study.     

Association of nutrition concerns and socioeconomic status with exercise habits

The purpose of this study was to examine the association between socio‐economic characteristics and individual health behaviour patterns. Specifically, we looked at how individual demographics (i.e. age, gender, race, marital status, geographic location of households), socio‐economic status (i.e. education, income, children in the households) and respondents’ nutrition concern were related to the major health behaviour (i.e. exercise). Telephone interviews were conducted to collect the data from 2880 US households. A Poisson regression model was estimated to analyse the factors influencing physical exercise habits of adults. Results showed that the key socio‐economic variables influencing the exercise habit of US population were household income, education and family composition. The direct association of nutrition concern with exercise habits implied that health and nutrition programmes should emphasize good eating habit as well as healthy lifestyle.     

Determinants of household expected real income growth in the U.S.A.

This study explores factors related to household income growth in a two-period timeframe. using data from the 1983 and I986 Survey of Consumer Finances. Regression results explain 81% of the variation in household income. Household income in the first period, age, marital status, education, job status and occupation were found to be important determinants of various levels of household real income growth. Implications for consumer education, financial planning, family economics and welfare policy are discussed.     

AN ASSESSMENT OF FASHION AWARENESS OF FEMALES BASED ON SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS

A sample of 252 females was queried to determine the differences in fashion awareness. The study aimed to assess the fashion awareness of females as affected by the city of residence, by their reference to different selected fashion magazines, and the extent of fashion awareness existing among women based on the following variables: age, marital status, education, number of dependent children in the family, income, and courses taken relating to fashion. The study determined that fashion awareness of the participants was affected by fashion reading media, age, marital status, education, income, and courses taken relating to fashion. Fashion awareness was not affected by city size or number of dependent children in the family.     

收入水平和收入风险对养老投资行为的影响——基于武汉市中心城区的调查数据

引导居民进行养老投资是缓解养老经济压力的重要途径之一,而影响养老投资的因素有很多。运用武汉市7个中心主城区753个居民的调查数据,以收入为切入点,从收入水平和收入风险两个角度考察其对居民养老投资行为的影响。研究结果显示,收入水平越高、收入风险越大,居民参与养老投资的可能性越大;收入水平与收入风险的边际效应呈倒U型,其中收入水平在6~10万的居民,养老投资的边际效应最大;异质性分析显示,女性、受教育程度较高、健康状况较差以及年龄较大的居民,收入水平和收入风险对养老投资的促进作用更大。通过用家庭收入水平代替个人收入水平、考虑风险态度与金融能力因素对养老投资的影响等方法进行稳健性检验,都证明了上述结果的可靠性。该结果不仅可以解释武汉市城镇居民养老投资的现状,而且对促进养老金融市场的发展与相关政策的制定也具有一定的启发和现实指导意义。     

社区邻里效应对个人贫困的影响有多大

社区邻里效应是造成个体长期贫困以及贫困集聚的主要原因之一,研究中国的社区邻里效应现象有助于解决中国的贫困集聚问题。本文基于中国健康与营养调查(CHNS)1989—2015年的数据,检验了社区邻里效应的存在性,计算了社区邻里效应对个体贫困概率的影响大小,探究了社区邻里效应对个体贫困的长期影响以及对个体贫困时长的影响,最后还计算了社区邻里效应能够解释个体贫困、学历水平以及收入水平差异的百分比。结果发现:中国存在显著的社区邻里效应,同时社区邻里效应具有非线性特征;良好的社区邻里环境使得个体贫困概率显著降低、学历水平和收入水平显著提高,女性和城市个体的贫困状态更易受到社区邻里效应的影响,不可观测因素在一定程度上增强了社区邻里效应对个体贫困、学历和收入的作用;社区邻里效应对个体贫困的影响具有长期特征,对个人贫困时长的影响也十分显著;个体贫困状态差异的1/4、个体学历水平和收入水平差异的1/5可归因于社区邻里效应。因此,扶贫过程中应当关注社区邻里效应。     

Energy-saving attitudes and the behaviour of women in the use of electrical household appliances in Turkey

In this study, 270 women with different levels of education were investigated to determine energy-saving attitudes and the behaviour of women in the use of electrical household appliances. Their attitudes were measured by Likert-type sentences, and their behaviour by evaluating their answers to 33 questions that were oriented to energy saving. The effects of variables on attitudes and behaviour, such as number of individuals in the family, education level of the woman, length of marriage, employment status, family income and the number of electrical appliances were determined by analysis of variance. Effects of family income, education level of women, employment status and the number of electrical appliances on positive attitude, and effects of educational level of woman and employment status on positive behaviour were both found to be significant (P < 0.05).     

Demographic & related differences in ethical views among small businesses

This study examines the effects of demographic characteristics on ethical perceptions. While earlier research has produced conflicting results regarding the predictive power of these variables, significant and definite insights were obtained with proper controls. The following predictors of ethical attitudes are examined: age, gender, marital status, education, dependent children status, region of the country and years in business, while controlling for job status. A nation-wide random sample of employees was used in obtaining a response rate of fifty-three percent (total n of 423). Indices of aspects of business ethical attitudes were constructed using factor analysis. Linear multiple regression analysis indicated the significant predictive variables. Age was found to be a most-significant predictor. Older workers had stricter interpretations of ethical standards. Gender and region predicted attitudes about job-discrimination practices only, with women and persons from the Midwest most strongly opposed to the practice. All the other variables proved to be unreliable ethics predictors.Paul Serwinek is a research affiliated with Wayne State University. He has done extensive research in business management and consulting work in the field of insurance agency employee job satisfaction.SPSS PC Plus Computer Program used.     

人力资本、社会支持与流动人口社会融入 ——以北京市为例

作为"首善之区",北京一直是很多流动人口向往和驻足的地方,也因此成为推进新型城镇化和流动人口市民化压力最大的城市之一。基于2017年北京市流动人口动态监测调查数据,分析了流动人口社会融入水平的整体特征、空间差异和影响因素。研究表明,北京市流动人口的社会融入总体水平不高且存在空间异质性。人力资本积累对流动人口的社会融入具有显著的影响,其中,跨城市流动经历有利于经济和行为融入的积累,而心理和文化维度的融入则依靠本地居留时间的增加。家庭、朋友、社区等层面的社会支持显著提升流动人口总体的社会融入水平。经济收入水平的提高是人力资本和社会支持影响流动人口社会融入的重要路径,但对不同类型人力资本和社会支持及不同维度社会融入的中介效应强度差异较大。