Virtual team concepts in projects: A case study

This article uses a case study to demonstrate the application of virtual team concepts in a virtual project team formed from existing personnel within an organization. The article is presented as a literature review followed by a case study of a virtual team project entitled the “Country Capital Works Program” undertaken within the New South Wales Police Force, Australia. The case confirms the appropriateness of existing virtual team concepts in a virtual project team formed from existing personnel for a specific purpose. The study has the inherent limitations of any case study in terms of the generalization of the findings.     

民营医院构建虚拟团队的可行性实证研究

人才问题是民营医院发展的瓶颈,随着虚拟团队理论的成熟,借鉴已有的远程诊疗技术的发展,民营医院可以考虑构建自己的虚拟团队,实现人才资源的共享。本文就民营医院构建虚拟团队的可行性进行了实证研究,通过对四个不同区域的民营医院的实际调查,分析不同类型的医疗成员对于民营医院构建虚拟团队的认识,得出民营医院构建虚拟团队是可行的,为民营医院管理者提供决策依据。     

虚拟团队变革型和交易型领导对团队创造力的影响机理:共享领导视角

传统的垂直领导者如何在虚拟团队情境下提升团队创造力,既是管理者面临的挑战,也是理论研究的一个新主题.本研究基于团队成员共享领导视角,探究虚拟团队垂直变革型和交易型领导对团队创造力的作用机理.采用来自66个虚拟团队的241位成员和66位主管配套问卷的有效数据,实证分析表明:虚拟团队变革型和交易型领导均能促进团队成员共享领导,进而提升团队创造力;团队虚拟性作为一个连续性概念,调节虚拟团队变革型和交易型领导对团队成员共享领导的正向影响,并调节虚拟团队变革型领导通过团队成员共享领导对团队创造力的正向影响.研究结果对虚拟团队领导力发展和团队创造力管理具有重要的理论指导意义.     

Digital Boundary Objects as Negotiation Facilitators: Spanning Boundaries in Virtual Engineering Project Networks

Advances in electronic communication tools have enabled collaborative engineering work to be conducted in virtual project networks that utilize “digital boundary objects” to exchange complex design knowledge. However, little is known about whether and how digital boundary objects facilitate negotiations in virtual settings that feature real‐time communication. This article addresses this gap by exploring the role of digital boundary objects in negotiating complex design knowledge in a three‐dimensional (3‐D) virtual workspace. The authors found that digital boundary objects facilitate negotiations through a three‐stage process of structuring negotiation space, structuring knowledge in the structured negotiation space, and framing combinations of structured knowledge.     

Project Leadership in Becoming: A Process Study of an Organizational Change Project

Drawing on the current research in general leadership, we propose that a process ontology is relevant and rewarding for project leadership studies. We argue that project leadership can be studied as the ongoing social production of direction through the construction of actors’ space of action, involving continuous construction and reconstruction of (1) past project activities and events; (2) positions and areas of responsibility; (3) discarded, ongoing, and future issues; and (4) intensity, rhythm, and pace. Through an ethnographic case study of an organizational change project, we show how space of action and hence the project direction are in constant flux and becoming.     

Effect of Knowledge Leadership on Knowledge Sharing in Engineering Project Design Teams: The Role of Social Capital

Knowledge sharing is a precondition for engineering project design teams to achieve an efficient design; however, designers are not always willing to share knowledge with other team members. To improve knowledge sharing, this article investigates the effect of knowledge leadership on knowledge sharing in engineering project design teams by examining the role of social capital. Our results show a significant indirect effect of knowledge leadership on knowledge sharing through the mediating role of social capital. Therefore, effective knowledge sharing depends on knowledge leaders to develop a share vision, and promote a trustworthy and collaborative environment for designers.     

Too many cooks in the kitchen? The contingent curvilinear effect of shared leadership on multidisciplinary healthcare team innovation

Shared leadership and multidisciplinary teams are advocated for their capacity to develop innovative solutions to important organisational challenges. However, research suggests that the impact of shared leadership is somewhat ambiguous, leading us to propose a curvilinear inverted U‐shaped effect on multidisciplinary team innovation. Furthermore, we posit that this curvilinearity is contingent on awareness of member profession, specifically the salience of professional identity. Using a sample of 60 multidisciplinary healthcare teams, we investigated a model in which shared leadership has a curvilinear effect on innovation contingent on professional salience. Support for our hypotheses attempts to account for ambiguities in the impact of shared leadership and provides guidance for human resource management strategies to enhance multidisciplinary team innovation.     

Leadership in Temporary Organizations: A Review of Leadership Theories and a Research Agenda

Projects and other temporary forms of organizing are different from standard organizational processes. As most leadership theories are based on the assumption of stable organizational environments, the increase in temporary forms of organizing poses specific challenges to leadership theories. We evaluate existing leadership theories in terms of their applicability on temporary environments and identify theories, which are adaptable to temporary settings and therefore may be the basis for empirical investigations in this field. On this basis we derive a research agenda by proposing individual leadership theories and combinations of different leadership approaches to be further assessed in research.     

Understanding and Improving Teamwork in Organizations: A Scientifically Based Practical Guide

Teams are pervasive in today's world, and rightfully so as we need them. Drawing upon the existing extensive body of research surrounding the topic of teamwork, we delineate nine “critical considerations” that serve as a practical heuristic by which HR leaders can determine what is needed when they face situations involving teamwork. Our heuristic is not intended to be the definitive set of all considerations for teamwork, but instead consolidates key findings from a vast literature to provide an integrated understanding of the underpinnings of teamwork—specifically, what should be considered when selecting, developing, and maintaining teams. This heuristic is designed to help those in practice diagnose team‐based problems by providing a clear focus on relevant aspects of teamwork. To this end, we first define teamwork and its related elements. Second, we offer a high‐level conceptualization of and justification for the nine selected considerations underlying the heuristic, which is followed by a more in‐depth synthesis of related literature as well as empirically‐driven practical guidance. Third, we conclude with a discussion regarding how this heuristic may best be used from a practical standpoint, as well as offer areas for future research regarding both teamwork and its critical considerations. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

中国情境下伦理型领导对领导有效性影响研究

伦理型领导对领导有效性的研究是领导学研究的重点和热点之一。但是,现有研究很少涉及伦理型领导在中国情境下的适用性。本文以中国企业为对象,运用相关统计与分析方法对随机抽样获得的问卷调查数据进行研究,试图探索出中国情境下实施伦理型领导的可行性和必要性,以及应该注意的问题。     

Leadership in Organizational Knowledge Creation: A Review and Framework

Organizational knowledge creation integrates context, knowledge assets, and knowledge creation processes throughout the organization. Using organizational knowledge creation theory as an organizing framework, we conduct a literature review that shows prior work has focused on the role of central, upper‐echelon, leadership in knowledge creation processes, without devoting much attention to context and knowledge assets. To remedy these weaknesses, we develop a new framework for situational leadership in organizational knowledge creation. The framework is based on a continuum that ranges from centralized to distributed leadership at three layers of activity: a core layer of local knowledge creation; a conditional layer that provides the resources and context for knowledge creation; and a structural layer that forms the overall frame and direction for knowledge creation in the organization. We discuss the implications of this framework for theory and practice.     

Employment Decisions in Self-Directed Work Teams: A Regulatory Compliance Perspective

Organizations are increasingly relying on self-directed work teams (SDWTs) to accomplish organizational tasks. The introduction of SDWTs into the workplace poses a number of managerial challenges. This paper will focus on one such challenge, the continuing need to comply with labor and equal employment regulations. We discuss several factors that potentially affect the legal compliance process. These include: (1) the impact of an increasingly diverse workforce on individual behavior and team processes, and (2) the role of procedural justice perceptions in effective HR compliance management. We conclude with some practical solutions to the challenge of managing compliance in SDWT settings.     

创业团队领导研究

近年来关于创业团队的研究成为一个热门的研究领域,而关于创业团队领导方面的研究较少。从创业团队的角度去研究领导理论,或者说关注创业团队领导,是近几年出现的有关创业团队研究的新方向,也是管理理论、领导理论新的热点问题。     

Inspirational leadership,positive mood,and team innovation: A moderated mediation investigation into the pivotal role of professional salience

Multidisciplinary teams are increasingly advocated for in healthcare policy consequent to their capacity to develop innovative solutions to seemingly intractable service and care challenges. Recent arguments that inspirational leadership styles may foster innovation in multidisciplinary teams point to their potential value in this effort. However, inconsistency in the capacity of such leaders to engender innovation highlights the need to understand the mechanisms and boundary conditions that determine when such leadership generates positive effects. We argue that follower positive mood acts to mediate the path between inspirational leadership and innovation and may account for its variable effects. By increasing positive team mood, inspirational leaders can potentially bring about more flexible thinking and enhance innovation but can also increase reliance on less effortful information processing, undermining innovative potential. In an effort to address the dilemma posed by these contrasting effects, we propose that professional salience acts as an important boundary condition of this relationship such that only when profession is salient do inspirational leaders enhance multidisciplinary team innovation through positive mood. An analysis of survey data from 60 UK‐based multidisciplinary healthcare teams, investigating the inspirational leadership of practice‐based innovation, supports our moderated mediation model. Finally, the implications for HRM are considered, specifically for leader development and work team design.     

共享领导与员工创造力:一个被调节的中介模型

本研究结合自我决定理论和工作特征理论,将共享领导和员工创造力引入分析框架中,以心理所有权作为中介变量、任务重要性作为调节变量,构建了一个跨层的有调节的中介模型.通过对13家企业、74个团队的401个样本进行实证研究发现:(1)共享领导与员工创造力显著正相关;(2)心理所有权在共享领导和员工创造力之间发挥中介作用;(3)任务重要性增强共享领导对心理所有权的正向作用,并正向调节共享领导对员工创造力的间接作用.本研究拓展了共享领导的跨层研究,同时通过关注员工个体心理感受,丰富了共享领导对创造力的中介机制及其边界条件研究,并对员工创造力管理实践具有重要的管理启示.     

对企业领导者领导力的探讨

随着经济、社会的发展,领导力已成为一个企业组织获得成功的重要因素,领导力问题越来越引起人们的关注。为了更好地掌握领导力,有必要对领导力进行全方位了解、思考和探讨。     

Leadership ideologies among European managers: A comparative survey in a multinational company

Adopting a subjective culture approach, the present study focuses on managers' beliefs about ideal leadership behaviour in organizations (i.e. leadership ideologies). On the basis of reported cultural dimensions which distinguish countries from one another, it is expected that the national origin of European managers will significantly influence their ideologies. The findings provide support for this assumption, since significant differences appeared between countries in eight aspects of leadership. Finally, the findings are compared with existing knowledge of cultural variation between these countries.     

Leadership substitutes and personality impact on time and quality in virtual new product development projects

Leadership, personality, and organizational factors were analyzed to measure their combined effect on virtual‐based product development time and scope‐quality performance. Over 1,000 team members were surveyed. MANCOVA was used to test if leadership, personality project, and/or organizational factors impacted performance. All realistic factors were included to detect leadership substitutes moderation, mediation, and prediction. Bias was reduced by not surveying leaders, by using reverse item coding, and by checking social desirability. Experimental control and common method variance were managed by including multilevel and multisource data. Performance was objectively computed from organizational data. The findings were that transactional leadership (not transformational) and some personality attri‐butes (leader substitutes) were significant factors, increasing project scope quality and time performance. This article was published online on September 29, 2010. An error was subsequently identified. This notice is included in the online and print versions to indicate that both have been corrected. See the correction noted on the seventh page of the print version of the article.