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1.
为了解决多主用户和多次级用户共存网络的频谱资源分配问题,提出了一种基于斯塔科尔伯格(Stackelberg)博弈的动态频谱接入控制算法。该算法通过三阶段Stackelberg博弈模拟主用户频谱竞价,博弈过程中次级用户以最大化传输速率为目的接入主用户频谱,同时设计了一种迭代过程来求解纳什均衡。实验计算与结果分析证明了纳什均衡唯一存在性的充要条件,并说明了迭代过程的收敛性以及主用户最佳效用的影响因素。  相似文献   

2.
本文研究具有两个不同消费级别的两家酒店在完全信息条件下收益管理的单期静态博弈.讨论了酒店分别在竞争与合作两种情况下,对于低价房间预留数目的设定策略.在竞争情况下,证明了纳什均衡唯一解的存在性.在合作情况下,分析了两酒店的节省成本及目标函数的凹性.在合作情况下,提出了使两酒店总收益大幅度提高的条件.最后,用一些算例(假设客房预定需求变量服从截断正态分布)分析了在每种情况下的酒店最优管理方案.  相似文献   

3.
实战背景下雷达目标先验信息有较大的不确定性,基于先验信息设计的波形不能满足参数估计的需要。为解决该问题,提出了一种博弈条件下的雷达波形设计方法。考虑到雷达与干扰机在电子对抗中的非同时性,采用Stackelberg博弈框架进行建模。该方法以优化雷达能量谱分布为策略,采用最大互信息准则建立效用函数。博弈过程中,雷达与干扰机各自根据对手策略优化发射波形,经过多次迭代,双方达到纳什均衡。仿真实验对比了均衡策略与maxmin策略与随机策略,证实了所提算法的有效性。  相似文献   

4.
使用博弈论的理论和方法 ,分析了创新企业中创新者与非创新者的剩余效益分配的方式与两者努力程度的关系 ,给出了完全信息情况下静态的Nash均衡解和动态的子博弈精炼Nash均衡解。并从企业收益的角度 ,证明了动态情况下的企业收益大于静态时的收益 ;并给出了在满足一定条件下 ,创新者先行动会使企业收益优于非创新者先行动时企业的收益  相似文献   

5.
This paper presents a negotiation model that includes value creation. It shows that creative negotiation efforts tend to intensify toward the deadline, and that the deadline is determined endogenously by the tension between two motives, creating more value and claiming from existing value. When the parties can present misleading offers in order to claim rather than create value, the outcome in early negotiation rounds may display an impasse where any proposal is rejected without inspection, while negotiation activities such as value creation through sincere offers and inspection of clauses intensify toward the deadline.  相似文献   

6.
经济活动中关于寻租问题的博弈模型   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
“腐败”现象在经济活动中是经常出现的 ,一些学者也称之为“寻租” ,这种行为显然会对经济活动构成极大的危害。要想分析它必须使用博弈论的理论和方法建立起数学模型 ,对这种现象进行定量分析 ,并在完全信息和不完全信息两种情况下 ,分别给出了纳什均衡和贝叶斯纳什均衡。这样 ,才能根据模型的结论 ,采取相关的对策。  相似文献   

7.
    
We explore how public investment in commercial infrastructure affects the composition of trade between countries. To this end, we develop a model of bilateral trade in which two countries produce, consume, and trade a continuum of goods. Goods are produced by a single homogeneous factor, labor, the productivity of which depends on the quality of the country’s commercial infrastructure, broadly conceived to encompass transportation, communication, and power transmission networks; regulatory and legal institutions; and basic research and educational systems. Countries may improve the quality of their commercial infrastructures through increased public investment. However, returns on these investments are constrained by fixed ‘natural’ endowments, with the better-endowed country enjoying greater labor productivity for a given level of public investment. We begin by analyzing optimal investment in public infrastructure in one country when public investment by the trading partner is fixed. We find that, ceteris paribus, greater public investment in commercial infrastructure raises general labor productivity, leading to gains in workers’ real income. We then analyze a non-cooperative game in which both countries strategically vary public investment in commercial infrastructure. We find that, in a Nash game, the better-endowed country optimally spends more on infrastructure and produces the goods requiring the greatest labor productivity. However, in a Stackelberg game, the results are ambiguous. An empirical analysis based on recent international trade data supports our theoretical finding that investment in public infrastructure is positively related to the export of ‘high-end’ goods.  相似文献   

8.
本文以流通渠道中的生产商和零售商为研究对象,基于完美信息的连续策略博弈,建立了双方的纳什均衡模型。研究结果表明,直接渠道对于生产商最为有利,其次为生产商主导的混合渠道、零售商主导的混合渠道和间接渠道;而对于零售商恰好相反。文章最后对研究结论进行了验证,并对中国流通业的发展现状进行了反思。  相似文献   

9.
胡民 《商业研究》2006,(15):129-132
部分国外厂商对其所产同种产品在大陆市场和欧美市场使用区别性政策,对大陆市场实行“质量歧视”。究其原因,主要包括国内厂商所产替代品不能有效满足消费者需求等。为消除“质量歧视”现象,必须加强企业管理水平和科技创新能力,从根本上提升我国产品的竞争能力,提高政府质量监督管理水平,改善监管制度体系,全面建立和完善社会诚信机制和维权机制。  相似文献   

10.
跨企业知识共享博弈分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在阐述跨企业知识共享对于企业重要性的基础上,运用博弈分析方法,分析企业与企业之间知识共享过程,求得子博弈精炼纳什均衡解,从而得到促使企业间进行知识共享的条件,并分析知识共享收益、成本及企业学习能力对知识共享条件的影响,实现知识共享各方利益的最大化。  相似文献   

11.
由于高空抛物侵权责任实际上是侵权人与无辜第三人之间的博弈,通过博弈论这一法经济学分析方法对高空抛物侵权责任进行分析,将无辜第三人分为侵权人之外的可能加害的建筑物使用人和物业公司两种,通过两者的优势比较得出的结论是物业公司赔偿方案比现行高空抛物侵权责任立法更有效率。  相似文献   

12.
在异构认知网络中,认知用户相对于主用户空间位置的不同可能提供空间复用的频谱接入机会,且空间复用的机会受限于干扰容限。首先引入用户空间位置干扰图,度量干扰和评估空间复用机会,在此基础上讨论了基于空间复用的系统吞吐量优化问题,并借助博弈论求解一组最优信道选择集合,主要工作是证明了该博弈问题是至少具有一个纯策略纳什均衡的精确势能博弈,且纳什均衡点是上述优化问题的最优解。最后,数值仿真验证了理论分析的正确性,同时证明考虑认知用户位置带来的空间复用后,系统吞吐量显著增加,有效提高了频谱利用率。  相似文献   

13.
供应链企业的均衡策略:基于完全竞争市场下的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
供应链节点企业如何协同合作、合作到什么合适的程度才能实现共赢,是供应链管理的关键问题。以消费者的反需求曲线为基础,利用博弈分析理论和方法,基于单一制造商、多个供应商和消费者构成的供应链系统,探讨了供应商和制造商合作与非合作博弈情形下,如何选择最优策略的问题,并得出三个重要结论。  相似文献   

14.
供应链企业间存在着信用风险问题,上下游企业供应商和销售商之间在赊销方面进行着相互的利益博弈。由于信息的不完全性,这种博弈是一种不完全信息博弈。通过对此博弈的分析可以深层次把握影响供应链信用风险的各种成因,降低不诚信销售商通过违约所带来的收益、提高供应商调查的概率和调查成功的概率,降低检查成本、加强供应链企业诚信教育等是治理供应链信用风险的有效措施。  相似文献   

15.
    
Due to persistent unemployment, peasant families in developing countries tend to employ more labour on the leased in land plots than a capitalist would. In labour surplus societies, therefore, landlords may earn higher surplus from leasing out land than from self-cultivation. By endogenising disguised unemployment this paper shows that greater power and unity of landlords and conservative social norms may explain the persistence of share tenancy in developing economies.  相似文献   

16.
银行与企业征信体系的博弈分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在企业征信体系建立过程中,银行与企业的关系在一定程度上影响企业征信体系。从博弈论的角度,运用纳什均衡理论分别对大企业和中小企业同银行的博弈关系进行分析。在现行的制度条件下,企业在与银行进行博弈的最优策略是失信;同时,在重复性博弈的条件下,银行与企业双方的合作可以通过建立企业征信体系这样的信誉机制实现,并在银行和企业征信体系建立过程中起到指导作用。  相似文献   

17.
    
We consider a novel class of portfolio liquidation games with market drop-out (“absorption”). More precisely, we consider mean-field and finite player liquidation games where a player drops out of the market when her position hits zero. In particular, round-trips are not admissible. This can be viewed as a no statistical arbitrage condition. In a model with only sellers, we prove that the absorption condition is equivalent to a short selling constraint. We prove that equilibria (both in the mean-field and the finite player game) are given as solutions to a nonlinear higher-order integral equation with endogenous terminal condition. We prove the existence of a unique solution to the integral equation from which we obtain the existence of a unique equilibrium in the MFG and the existence of a unique equilibrium in the N-player game. We establish the convergence of the equilibria in the finite player games to the obtained mean-field equilibrium and illustrate the impact of the drop-out constraint on equilibrium trading rates.  相似文献   

18.
在全球经济一体化的总框架内,国家间的贸易活动更加频繁,商业关系日益复杂,国际商务谈判成为跨国贸易交往中不可或缺的重要环节。如何能更好地融合不同文化背景的人进行国际商务谈判,解决文化差异将是谈判的一个关键部分。本文首先对关于文化差异对国际商务谈判影响的相关文献进行简单搜集和整理,然后从文化差异产生的原因及类型、文化差异如何影响商务谈判以及相应的应对策略这三个方面进行分析和阐述。  相似文献   

19.
For each assignment market, an associated bargaining problem is defined and some bargaining solutions to this problem are analyzed. For a particular choice of the disagreement point, the Nash solution and the Kalai–Smorodinsky solution coincide and give the midpoint between the buyers-optimal core allocation and the sellers-optimal core allocation, and thus they belong to the core.  相似文献   

20.
We test the relative effectiveness of alternative preparation aids in the context of an international negotiation. We consider three forms of training: reading material, a course on negotiation, and an expert system (NEGOTEX) expressly designed to train negotiators. We conducted a laboratory experiment involving 66 pairs of negotiators—one of each pair being American and the other Chinese. Results suggest that in this context, the course had the greatest effect on performance, followed by NEGOTEX, and then followed by reading material. In addition, we found that training effects were additive: multiple forms of training lead to better results than individual forms of training, suggesting that (1) training forms complement and do not substitute for one another, and (2) multiple forms of training should be considered, especially when stakes are high.  相似文献   

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