基于免疫—蚁群算法的应急物流配送网络优化研究

论文针对应急物流的配送车辆路径优化问题,建立以应急物流初期有限资源的分配达到整体的最优化（时间短、效率高、安全高、成本低）的多目标模型,结合模型的特点,利用免疫算法和蚁群算法相融合的启发式算法进行求解,最后进行算例分析,解决应急物流配送车辆路径选择的实际问题。     

基于改进蚁群算法的时间窗约束下物流配送车辆路径优化研究

物流配送车辆路径优化作为一个涉及多影响因素、多目标需求的组合优化问题,其中带时间窗约束的物流配送车辆路径优化问题更是一个NP难题,较难得到最优解。文章分析带时间窗约束的车辆路径问题并建立相应数学模型,提出将变异和动态信息更新的改进蚁群算法应用于解决这类优化问题,同时仿真实验结果表明该算法能快速收敛于全局最优解,能有效地解决有时间窗约束下的物流配送车辆路径优化问题。     

蚂蚁算法在复杂性运输路径问题中的应用——多车场多车型路径问题

车辆路径问题中,行驶路线往往取决于一系列约束条件,如配送中心个数,货物需求量,交发货时间,车辆容量限制等。要想达到一定的目标,如路程最短,费用最小,时间尽量少,车辆尽量少等,就得借劲于合适的算法去解决实际的问题。蚂蚁算法在解决著名的旅行商（TSP）问题上已取得了很好的成效,目前已陆续渗透到其他问题的求解上。文章主要针对多车场多车型车辆路径问题,用蚁群算法以及蚁群算法的优化算法去解决一些实际问题。     

基于蚁群算法的甘肃省应急物流配送路径优化研究

针对甘肃应急物流运输与配送问题,构建了配送车辆数最少和车辆行驶总距离最短的多目标应急配送模型,设计蚁群算法对应急物流配送路径模型求解,兼顾考虑多个制约条件下,优化应急配送路线,并以定西市漳县和岷县的二十八个乡镇为算例进行分析,求解配送路线,假设配送中心有容量不同的车辆,每个受灾点只能由一辆车提供配送服务,每条路线上只有一辆车配送,同时规定车辆从配送中心出发完成配送任务后再返回配送中心,研究结果表明蚁群算法对配送路径优化的优越性。     

改进的蚁群算法在物流配送路径问题中的实现

蚁群算法是受自然界中蚁群搜索食物行为启发而提出的一种智能优化算法,通过介绍蚁群觅食过程中基于信息素的最短路径的搜索策略。以及蚁群算法在TSP问题中的应用,在分析TSP与车辆路径问题（VRP）的异同后,给出用于求解车辆路径问题（VRP）的蚁群算法,并针对蚁群算法在求解过程容易出现过旱收敛问题,提出了几种改进算法的措施。最后通过powerbuilder的仿真实现结果表明,这种算法对VRP问题有较好的求解效果。     

基于蚁群算法的码头集装箱卡车路径优化研究

分析了集装箱码头作业流程及其传统作业工艺,提出了使用蚁群算法,以集装箱卡车到达目的地的距离最短为目标．建立集装箱卡车路径优化模型,为码头集装箱卡车寻求出发点与目的地之间的最短路径。实验表明,该方法能有效解决集卡最短路径搜索问题。     

基于蚁群算法的通勤车路径问题优化研究

在探讨车辆路径问题和蚁群算法基本原理的基础上,建立了某高校通勤车路径优化模型,并采用蚁群算法对该单位通勤车运行路径进行了优化研究.优化后通勤车总行驶路程减少了10.28％、总时间减少13.93％,而且运行时间和载客量标准差分别减少了43.78％、66.35％.优化方案解决了车辆载客量不均以及驾驶员工作量不均等问题,新的路线方案更加合理.应用蚁群算法解决通勤车路线规划问题的探讨,对解决类似问题具有参考和指导意义.     

基于蚁群算法的应急物流配送车辆调度研究

以车辆配送问题为背景,运用了蚁群算法来求解应急物流配送车辆调度模型。在带有时间窗的基础上考虑应急系统各节点的运输距离和费用构造模型。根据模型的特点,设计了蚁群算法求解方法,并针对蚂蚁路径选择做了改进性分析。实例研究结果表明．蚁群算法在应急物流配送车辆调度问题中具有合理性、可行性和有效性。     

改进的蚁群算法在TSP中的应用

介绍了蚁群算法的特点,提出了基于蚁群算法的TSP问题的求解方法,并分别建立基本蚁群算法及MAX-MIN蚁群算法模型,并引入“三步走”法确定模型参数的最优组合,还结合了交叉局部优化相关的求凸壳顶点的算法进行预处理,进行仿真分析比较。实验结果表明基于MMAS模型相对于基本蚁群算法模型,有比较好最短路径选择能力及良好的可扩展性能,能够较好地适应物流配送系统的要求。     

带时间窗的应急救助物资配送车辆路径优化模型研究

在自然灾害突发后,必须将救助物资在规定的时间内运送到受灾点。针对带有时间窗的应急救助物资配送车辆路径优化问题进行研究,建立车辆路径优化模型并运用了蚁群算法进行求解,取得了较好的效果。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Ansätze und Ergebnisse anglo-amerikanischer M&A-Forschung

Based on a review of established U.S. management journals (1995–2003), six schools of thought are identified within the Anglo-American M&;A research: “Capital Market”, “Principal/Agent”, “Industrial Organization”, “Organizational Behavior”, “Human Resources” and “Strategic Management”. The literature review shows that the definition of M&;A success, the methods applied, and insights from empirical research differ according to the respective school of thought. Empirical studies focus on the resource combinations of merger partners, the specific circumstances of merger negotiations, and on integration management as antecedents of merger performance. Unfortunately, empirical findings have not yet provided reliable explanations for M&;A success. Based on the current state of Anglo-American M&;A research, the authors discuss implications for business practice, identify research gaps, and propose areas for future research.     

Introduction of New Technology with a Sound Transition of the Input-Output Structure

We examine the general equilibrium repercussions associated with the introduction of new technologies, using the generalized Leontief system that allows technological substitutions. We show that an untested introduction of cost-increasing technologies in any industry may result in creating a non-productive technological structure that does not satisfy the Hawkins-Simon condition, following the autonomous dynamic adjustment process with structural transitions in the economic system. Therefore, we propose a practicable control scheme of introducing cost-increasing technologies that strictly avoids the creation of non-productive structures in all periods of structural transition, using the available information on the ex ante technological structure.     

The Creation of the Office for National Statistics

A new Office for National Statistics was created in the United Kingdom in 1996 following a series of developments designed to strengthen the relevance and integrity of statistics. This paper describes these fundamental changes and sets out a blueprint for future progress. It also sets current developments in the United Kingdom in an historical and international context.     

What helps? Women engineers' accounts of staying on

We have considerable understanding of the obstacles that women engineers encounter and the reasons that they leave the field, but we know less about what enables them to remain. Adopting an interpretivist approach, this article examines how a group of British women engineers in two FTSE 100 companies account for “staying on” in their male‐dominated work settings. We delineate four specific forms of help that facilitate women's retention in the field. We argue that exposure to help leads to women developing a habitus that enables them to continue working in engineering. To conclude, we draw on our findings to outline HR practices that will facilitate supportive relationships in the workplace and pave the way towards developing more positive organisational climates.     

论现代物流企业的发展观

物流业经过诸多年的发展目前已经成为最热门的行业之一,物流企业的注册数量也与日俱增,达到前所未有的规模。毋庸置疑,任何企业都希望自己迅速做强做大,并成为真正现代物流企业的典型代表,要实现这一目标一个首要问题就是要解决现代物流企业的发展观问题。