我国收入分配不平等与经济增长关系的数量探析

改革开放以来,我国经济增长速度举世瞩目,但是同时收入分配不平等程度也在逐渐扩大。这说明不平等与经济增长之间可能具有一定关系。本文采用计量模型选用我国1982年到2009年的基尼系数和人均国内生产总值对不平等和经济增长进行计量分析。通过时间序列平稳性检验以及协整检验,证实了两者具有长期均衡关系。并且这种均衡关系构成了单向的因果关系——经济增长是导致收入分配不平等的Granger原因,即经济增长会促进收入分配不平等的扩大。     

基于收入分布的亲贫困增长测度及其分解

亲贫困增长主要是指能够使贫困群体参与经济活动并从中得到更多好处的经济增长.在论述经济增长、不平等与贫困规模变动相关关系的基础上,本文构建了一种新的基于收入分布的亲贫困测度与分解方法,并通过对我国农村住户调查数据的实证分析得出结论:现阶段应充分考虑分配政策和经济增长政策的结合使用,使经济增长与分配效应在一定的比例下相互弥补,在合适的收入差距下保持一定的经济增长.     

论中央与地方关系中的经济政策博弈

中央和地方关系无疑是国家制度建设的一个重要的内容,也是中国政治改革的重要方面.不可否认,两者之间存在着很多严重的问题.改革开放以来,中国的经济保持高速持续的增长,但同时也带来了地区和产业发展的不平衡,这种不平衡反映到居民收入上,就造成收入分配的不平等,从而为今后的经济持续稳定增长理下隐患.合理的经济结构调整政策应该力求弱化这种不平等局面,本文通过分析中国自改革开放以来中央宏观经济政策对地方政府的影响,以及地方政府结合自身利益进行政府治理创新自我推进的研究,结果显示市场化进程本身带来了地区和产业的经济发展差距的扩大,进而造成收入分配不均,而政府过去的结构调整政策效果有限.因此,本文以期为行政改革中的政府找到更准确的角色定位,使政府在处理与其他利益主体间的关系时发挥更有效的作用.     

收入不平等与经济增长的经济分析:文献述评

本文研究了收入不平等的近期文献,探讨了收入不平等现象与经济增长关系.在经济增长过程中,一般来说,不平等对经济增长有害.然而,当谈到富裕国家收入分配的上限时,更高的不平等促进经济增长,而且这种关系变得积极.另外,在社会福利方面,通常认为是收入不平等增加,社会普遍福利将减少;但至少目前来看,随着经济的快速增长,引起了普遍社会福利的增加,可能会导致收入差距减少,一般福利下降的情况.收入不平等现象的加剧不利于国家的经济发展和社会的稳定.收入不平等对经济增长并不必然具有负面效应,也不一定使得社会福利的整体水平下降.但如何减少收入不平等才能实现包容性增长是一个值得研究的重要议题.     

收入不平等和经济增长非线性关系——中国数据的实证检验

收入不平等和经济增长的关系一直是经济学研究中的热点问题之一,尽管研究成果汗牛充栋,但仍存在诸多争论。本文在对文献综合分析的基础上,采用平滑转移模型来研究中国收入不平等和经济增长的非线性关系,并分别检验了可能是两者关系转移变量的诸多因素。研究结果表明中国收入不平等和经济增长的关系在人均收入2115元(以1978年不变价为基期)处发生转移,在此之前收入不平等对经济增长具有一定的促进作用,但在此之后,收入不平等对经济增长产生严重的损害作用。结合现状,本文也简要分析了导致该转变的原因。     

中国地区经济增长的收敛性:时间序列的经验研究

本文运用Bernard & Durlarf (1995,1996)的时间序列分析法,通过对中国东中西部三大地区内和地区间人均产出序列的协整关系检验,从一个新的视角研究了我国地区内和地区间经济增长的收敛性。实证结果表明,东部和西部地区内的经济增长具有收敛性,而中部地区内和三大地区间的经济增长却不存在收敛趋势。另一个发现是中部各省的经济增长在长期受三个共同冲击的影响,东中西部地区的经济增长在长期受两个共同冲击的影响。     

金融发展、创新不平等与区域经济差距的实证研究

构建1990年至2010年地区经济差距、金融发展不平等和创新不平等三者的基尼系数。以总产出模型作为基础,运用E-G两步法构建三者之间的协整关系和误差修正模型。通过Granger因果关系检验最终得到结论:金融发展不平等是产生地区经济差距显著因素;创新不平等是缩小地区经济差距的因素,但是这种影响在短期是不显著的。     

中国金融发展与收入不平等的关系研究北大核心

本文使用包含二次项的非线性多元回归模型,对中国的金融发展和收入不平等关系进行实证分析,意在用中国数据再次检验Greenwood-Jovanovich(GJ)假说的可信性。实证研究结果表明:中国金融发展与收入不平等呈倒U型关系,这与全球经济发展水平与收入不平等也呈倒U型关系相一致,但是经济增长会减少收入不平等,而通胀会加剧收入不平等,而且通胀对收入不平等的影响要远大于经济增长对收入不平等的影响。     

教育人力资本结构对经济增长的贡献研究——基于东中西三大地区的比较

政府对教育资源的配置是人力资本形成的一个主要决定因素,不同数量和质量的教育人力资本对经济增长的贡献也不同。受区域经济发展不平衡的影响,我国东部、中部和西部地区在人力资本数量和质量方面存在显著差别。为深入考察教育人力资本结构对经济增长的贡献,在将教育人力资本结构分为基础教育和高等教育的基础上,实证检验了东中西三大地区的教育人力资本结构对经济增长的贡献,结果表明：经济发展越快的地区,其高等教育人力资本对经济增长的贡献越大。因此,为发挥教育人力资本对经济增长的促进作用,行之有效的办法是提高公共教育支出预算,大力发展各级各类教育。     

中国地区经济增长差距的统计分析

我国地区经济发展差异显著,本文运用聚类分析法,将全国除海南、重庆外的29个省(自治区、直辖市)客观的分为四大经济类型.在此分类基础上,运用新古典经济模型定量分析了经济体制、科技因素、人力资本及物质资本投入对不同类地区经济增长的贡献率.最后据此对缩小地区经济增长差异提出了切实的政策建议.     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

The Creation of the Office for National Statistics

A new Office for National Statistics was created in the United Kingdom in 1996 following a series of developments designed to strengthen the relevance and integrity of statistics. This paper describes these fundamental changes and sets out a blueprint for future progress. It also sets current developments in the United Kingdom in an historical and international context.     

What helps? Women engineers' accounts of staying on

We have considerable understanding of the obstacles that women engineers encounter and the reasons that they leave the field, but we know less about what enables them to remain. Adopting an interpretivist approach, this article examines how a group of British women engineers in two FTSE 100 companies account for “staying on” in their male‐dominated work settings. We delineate four specific forms of help that facilitate women's retention in the field. We argue that exposure to help leads to women developing a habitus that enables them to continue working in engineering. To conclude, we draw on our findings to outline HR practices that will facilitate supportive relationships in the workplace and pave the way towards developing more positive organisational climates.     

论现代物流企业的发展观

物流业经过诸多年的发展目前已经成为最热门的行业之一,物流企业的注册数量也与日俱增,达到前所未有的规模。毋庸置疑,任何企业都希望自己迅速做强做大,并成为真正现代物流企业的典型代表,要实现这一目标一个首要问题就是要解决现代物流企业的发展观问题。     

浅谈大体积混凝土裂缝的控制

大体积混凝土的裂缝问题是实际工程中长期困扰工程技术人员的问题,其控制技术的研究是混凝土结构研究的热点问题,具有重大的学术价值和潜伏的工程背景。     

Supply Chain Strategies in the UK Fashion Industry—The Rhetoric of Partnership and Realities of Power

This paper focuses on the fashion industry, one characterised by issues such as dramatic shifts in the scale and power of major retail buyers in the market, the advent of retailer own brands, and the nature of sourcing and supply chain decisions, issues that are increasingly global in nature. The aim of this research is to explore the nature of relationships between UK high street multiple fashion retailers and their contracted suppliers, many of whom are entrepreneurial firms by most definitions of the term. Four core themes emerge from the literature and provide a framework for the research, namely, power, process, partnership, and people. The research approach was qualitative, and conducted over a period of twelve months. The paper ends with an agenda for future research.