基于公司治理监督职能的财务舞弊防范——一个分析框架及其应用

世界范围内上市公司财务舞弊案的爆发将公司治理问题推上了风口浪尖。文章之目的在于将公司治理引入财务舞弊研究范畴,提供一个基于公司治理监督职能角度的舞弊治理分析框架。文章首先从公司治理模式、所有权状态依存与公司治理功能三方面剖析公司治理的监督职能,在此基础上试图勾勒出基于公司治理之监督职能的财务舞弊治理框架,并以财务报告生产与呈报过程为例具体说明公司治理监督职能的运用。结合目前的研究文献简要讨论基于公司治理监督职能的舞弊治理未来研究思路与方向。     

公司治理与财务舞弊关系的经验分析

以财务舞弊上市公司为研究对象，以董事会构成和所有权结构作为公司治理变量，研究公司治理和财务舞弊之间的可能关系。研究发现，发生财务舞弊与未发生财务舞弊上市公司董事会中外部董事比例不存在显著差异；股权集中度越高的上市公司越容易发生财务舞弊；控股股东性质与财务舞弊行为不存在显著相关性。研究还发现，上市公司配股活动与财务舞弊显著负相关、公司规模与财务舞弊显著负相关、董事会规模与财务舞弊显著正相关。     

公司治理与会计信息质量关系的实证研究

本文选取了因财务报告舞弊而被证监会处罚的上市公司作为研究样本 ,从股权结构、董事会特征两方面 ,对公司治理与财务报告舞弊之间的关系进行了实证分析。研究结果表明 ,法人股比例、执行董事比例、内部人控制度、监事会的规模与财务舞弊的可能性正相关 ,流通股比例则与之负相关。此外 ,如果公司的第一大股东为国资局 ,公司更可能发生财务舞弊。因此要解决上市公司的会计信息失真问题 ,应该从完善公司治理入手。     

公司治理与财务报告舞弊关系的研究——以西安达尔曼实业股份有限公司为例

财务报告作为会计信息的重要载体,主要反映企业的财务状况、现金流量和经营成果等有关的信息.财务报告的信息与公司治理有密切的关系.20世纪70年代后期开始上市公司舞弊案件大量发生.近年来我国上市公司财务报告舞弊也屡见不鲜.而且根据调查报告显示发生财务报告舞弊的公司很大程度上存在公司治理结构的问题.本文运用理论与实际相结合的方法,分析我国上市公司治理结构的现状,深入研究了我国上市公司治理结构的缺陷对会计信息质量的影响,就如何完善上市公司治理结构和提高会计信息披露质量提出若干政策建议.     

上市公司财务报告舞弊信号的审计识别研究

近年来国内外财务报告舞弊案件频频爆发,已经引起社会各界的强烈反响,如何识别和治理财务报告舞弊问题一直是各方关注的焦点。基于财务报告舞弊的定义和特征,对财务报告舞弊进行叙述分析,然后从公司管理层、关系对象及内部治理结构和控制方面对财务报告舞弊预警信号进行论述,最后提出几点治理对策,以便于财务报告使用者有所借鉴。     

内部控制质量与公司治理结构研究

本文采用案例分析的方法，对国内外重大财务舞弊案件进行分析，发现财务舞弊与内部控制的缺陷存在内在关联性。内部控制存在缺陷的企业，管理上更分散，财务舞弊的可能性更大。在此基础上，本文对公司治理结构的现状展开分析，从完善公司治理结构角度提出建议，以解决企业内部控制质量问题，从而避免企业舞弊的发生。     

上市公司财务舞弊及其治理对策研究

上市公司财务舞弊及其治理问题已成为世界各国学者研究的一项重要课题.本文依据国外有关财务舞弊动因理论的研究成果,结合我国资本市场的实际情况,分析了上市公司财务舞弊的动因,并有针对性地提出了一些防范治理对策.本文认为,造成我国上市公司财务舞弊的动因是多方面的,既有会计信息不对称、公司治理结构失效等内部动因,也有会计准则存在缺陷、审计独立性缺失等外部动因.为此,本文建议通过完善公司治理结构、加强外部审计独立性、推行法务会计、强化职业道德教育和改进反舞弊审计机制等途径来治理上市公司财务舞弊问题.     

基于国外财务报表舞弊案例分析

如何对财务舞弊问题进行有效的预防与控制，一直是会计从业人员和企业管理人员所关注的焦点。本文以安然公司的财务舞弊案为例，运用财务舞弊三角理论进行分析，并从公司内部治理结构的完善和外部监督体系的构建这两方面提出了几点对策方法。     

舞弊性财务报告的成因分析与防范对策

财务报告舞弊严重损害了投资者的利益，扰乱了市场经济秩序，可能导致整个资本市场信用体系的崩溃，威胁金融和经济稳定。本文从舞弊性财务报告的识别出发，从利益驱动、财务压力驱动、机会主义驱动、制度因素、道德因素等五个方面分析了舞弊性财务报告存在的原因。最后针对这些原因提出相关的政策建议。     

上市公司财务造假案例分析

根据全美反财务舞弊委员会的定义，财务造假是指公司在对外财务报告的过程中，由于故意或轻率的行为，无论虚报或漏报，结果导致重大的误导性财务报告，对投资者的决策产生实质性的影响。     

Gender diversity and financial statement fraud

This study investigates the role of gender diversity in fraud commission and detection with a view to identifying whether companies with more female corporate leaders are less likely to be involved in financial statement fraud. Using a bivariate probit model, the role of female corporate leaders in financial statement fraud commission and detection is examined for Chinese listed companies from 2007 to 2018. The representation of female corporate leaders increases the likelihood of fraud detection, thus reducing firms’ propensity to engage in fraud. The finding confirms that women are risk averse and more committed to ethical practices than men in corporate leadership positions. Moreover, this impact of gender diversity is contingent upon the nature of ultimate controllers of listed companies: more female representation in top leadership roles can mitigate fraud commission or detect fraud effectively in non-state-owned enterprises, but not in state-owned enterprises. In addition, the recent anti-corruption campaign initiated by Chinese President Jinping Xi is a powerful form of public governance. Female corporate leaders play a more positive role in mitigating fraud commission and detecting fraud commission in the post-campaign period than in the pre-campaign period.     

Rationalization of financial statement fraud in government: An Austrian perspective

This paper develops a conceptual framework that explains how existing opportunities and incentives for committing financial statement fraud in government translate into the rationalization of such fraud. The analytical approach is theoretical. The rationalization of financial statement fraud is analyzed through the lenses of a theory of entrepreneurship rooted in Austrian economics. Entrepreneurship, while generally seen as a positive force for economic productivity, is viewed as a source of deception. The framework illustrates that financial statement fraud has its origins in political, rather than economic incentives, and that it is rationalized by elected rather than non-elected officials. Due to a lower proportion of creditors and investors with vested interests in the framework, it is also concluded that the detection process of financial statement fraud in government tend to exhibit less “alertness” than in private sector contexts. Specific techniques associated with financial statement fraud therefore tend to persist over relatively long periods of time.     

Financial statement comparability and accounting fraud

We examine the association between financial statement comparability and the likelihood of accounting fraud. Prior research documents a negative association between the quality of a firm's reporting environment and accounting fraud. We build on this literature and show that poor financial statement comparability is associated with a greater likelihood of accounting fraud. We also find that accounting comparability declines over time as the year of fraud detection approaches and that the association between comparability and fraud becomes more negative over this time. In addition, we find that financial statement comparability improves after fraud detection, consistent with the notion that managers improve their financial reporting quality after fraud.     

A taxonomy to guide research on the application of data mining to fraud detection in financial statement audits

This paper explores the application of data mining techniques to fraud detection in the audit of financial statements and proposes a taxonomy to support and guide future research. Currently, the application of data mining to auditing is at an early stage of development and researchers take a scatter-shot approach, investigating patterns in financial statement disclosures, text in annual reports and MD&As, and the nature of journal entries without appropriate guidance being drawn from lessons in known fraud patterns. To develop structure to research in data mining, we create a taxonomy that combines research on patterns of observed fraud schemes with an appreciation of areas that benefit from productive application of data mining. We encapsulate traditional views of data mining that operates primarily on quantitative data, such as financial statement and journal entry data. In addition, we draw on other forms of data mining, notably text and email mining.     

The relation between earnings management and financial statement fraud

This paper provides new evidence on the characteristics of firms that commit financial statement fraud. We examine how previous earnings management impacts the likelihood that a firm will commit financial statement fraud and in doing so develop three new fraud predictors. Using a sample of 54 fraud and 54 non-fraud firms, we find that fraud firms are more likely to have managed earnings in prior years and that earnings management in prior years is associated with a higher likelihood that firms that meet or beat analyst forecasts or that inflate revenue are committing fraud. We further find that fraud firms are more likely to meet or beat analyst forecasts and inflate revenue than non-fraud firms are even when there is no evidence of prior earnings management. This paper contributes to the fraud detection literature and the earnings management literature, and can help practitioners and regulators develop better fraud detection models.     

The dark side of marital leadership: Evidence from China

Using a unique dataset of Chinese private firms, we find that marital leadership is associated with higher propensity for financial fraud. We examine the potential economic mechanisms that lead to this result, finding that weak internal supervision and inefficient decision-making provide crucial linkages between marital leadership and financial fraud. However, well-functioning corporate governance mechanisms reduce the negative effects of marital leadership. Our findings provide important empirical evidence for the effect of family involvement in corporate governance and contribute to the literature on the determinants of financial fraud in listed firms.     

海外上市中国概念股危机分析及启示

中国海外上市公司因财务舞弊、信息披露不透明、公司治理水平低下等问题引起市场参与者的广泛关注。本文介绍了2010年以来监管部门、市场研究机构以及评级公司的多份报告,针对其中揭示的问题进行了简要的分析和评述,认为应正确认识监管部门、研究机构和评级公司的报告,为我国上市公司和证券市场的健康发展提供借鉴和改进。     

Financial Statement Fraud: Some Lessons from US and European Case Studies

This paper studies 14 companies that were subject to an official investigation arising from the publication of fraudulent financial statements. The research found senior management to be responsible for most fraud. Recording false sales was the most common method of financial statement fraud. Meeting external forecasts emerged as the primary motivation. Management discovered most fraud, although the discovery was split between incumbent and new management.     

Using Nonfinancial Measures to Assess Fraud Risk

This study examines whether auditors can effectively use nonfinancial measures (NFMs) to assess the reasonableness of financial performance and, thereby, help detect financial statement fraud (hereafter, fraud). If auditors or other interested parties (e.g., directors, lenders, investors, or regulators) can identify NFMs (e.g., facilities growth) that are correlated with financial measures (e.g., revenue growth), inconsistent patterns between the NFMs and financial measures can be used to detect firms with high fraud risk. We find that the  difference  between financial and nonfinancial performance is significantly greater for firms that committed fraud than for their nonfraud competitors. We also find that this difference is a significant fraud indicator when included in a model containing variables that have previously been linked to the likelihood of fraud. Overall, our results provide empirical evidence suggesting that NFMs can be effectively used to assess fraud risk.