关于会计职业判断的思考

社会经济的发展使会计环境复杂多变,不确定性经济事项日益增多;而会计标准却日趋简约,会计职业判断空间不断增大.本文通过对会计职业判断的特点、表现以及会计职业判断影响因素的分析,指出会计职业判断直接影响着会计信息质量,并提出了提高会计职业判断的途径.     

会计教育的国际比较及对高职会计教育的启示

美国、英国、澳大利亚等国家职业会计教育有许多代表性的特点,国外发达国家的职业会计教育经验,对我国职业会计教育改革有一定的启发和借鉴意义.通过与我国高职会计教育的现状进行比较分析,提出了改进高职会计教育目标、课程设置、教学方法、教育理念的具体途径和方法.     

关于会计人员继续教育问题研究

会计环境的变化是会计职业后续教育改革的直接动因,随着国际间贸易的增多,国际环境的变化也对会计职业后续教育提出了新的要求.根据会计环境的变化,我国会计职业后续教育必须进行相应改革,才能应对会计环境变化带来的各种挑战.     

会计信息系统的计算机智能判断研究

目前,虽然会计信息系统已经能够自动实现登记账簿、编制会计报告等项活动,但仍然存在若干环节需要会计的人工判断,如能完全加以解决,将可以彻底实现会计信息系统智能化.因此,计算机程序的智能判断能否完全替代人工判断,成为会计信息化向高层次发展的关键.通过逐一分析会计核算过程中各种会计职业判断,阐述编制会计凭证的会计职业判断的智能化实现过程,提出了重置企业信息系统与会计信息系统结构,经济业务处理与记账凭证编制中心设置的智能化实现会计职业判断的会计信息系统构思.     

试论会计职业判断能力的提高

在会计实务中,会计职业判断经常成为企业操纵利润的一种手段,从而成为影响企业会计信息质量的一个重要方面.对中国的会计工作者来说,提高会计人员职业判断水平和职业判断的质量已经成为当前面临的紧迫问题,对其进行深入系统的研究,具有非常重要的理论和现实意义.本文从会计职业判断的概念入手,归纳出它的特点和表现方式.着重分析了它的影响因素对它作用的发挥所带来的障碍,并提出了解决问题的方法.     

论"诚实守信"与会计人员职业道德建设

会计职业道德是会计人员在进行会计活动、处理会计关系时所形成的职业规律、职业观念和职业原则的行为规范的总和,它是经济管理和会计工作的基本环节,是会计信息质量的根本保障,它直接关系到国家政策的贯彻执行,也关系到各种会计行为的规范,更关系到人民群众的切身利益.人与人之间需要诚信,会计更需要诚信,会计人尤其要讲究职业道德.     

关于会计职业判断的思考

社会经济的发展使会计环境复杂多变,不确定性经济事项日益增多;而会计标准却日趋简约,会计职业判断空间不断增大。本文通过对会计职业判断的特点、表现以及会计职业判断影响因素的分析,指出会计职业判断直接影响着会计信息质量,并提出了提高会计职业判断的途径。     

基于企业会计准则的会计职业判断问题研究

改革开放以来,科学技术迅速发展,各行各业的进步发展也在有条不紊的进行,会计行业的改革也不例外。如今市场经济体制逐渐完善,各种新兴企业都有了不同程度的壮大,市场竞争日益激烈,企业要想获得持久的发展,就必须要将财务问题放在突出位置上,这就要求企业会计要有足够的职业判断能力。如今企业会计准则下会计职业判断的特点呈现出新的趋势,新时期会计职业判断的影响因素和过去相比也有很大的不同,对我国会计职业判断现状进行深入分析,在企业会计准则下加强会计职业判断策略探讨阐述基于企业会计准则的会计职业问题的研究成为当下会计研究工作的重点。     

论会计职业判断

会计职业判断贯穿于会计工作的始终,通过会计职业判断,可以使得会计人员在面对不确定性经济事项时,能够选择一种合理的方法对复杂的会计对象进行分析和处理,从而得出最接近客观事实的结果.文章从会计职业判断的内涵及会计职业判断的原则谈起,阐述了会计职业判断的重要性、归纳了会计职业判断中存在的主要问题,提出了改善我国会计职业判断现状的对策.     

提高会计人员职业判断能力势在必行

一、会计职业判断的定义 会计职业判断是会计从业人员按照国家现行会计法律、法规和会计制度的要求,运用自己掌握的专业知识和职业经验,根据企业的经营环境和特点,依照一定的职业规则,在会计政策许可范围内对企业日常发生的经济事项和交易采用的会计处理原则、方法,程序等进行理性的判断、认定和选择.     

Historical perspectives: Development of the codes of ethics in the legal,medical and accounting professions

Members of the legal, medical and accounting professions are guided in their professional behavior by their respective codes of ethics. These codes of ethics are not static. They are ever evolving, responding to forces that are exogenous and endogenous to the professions. Specifically, changes in the ethical codes are often due to economic and social events, governmental influence, and growth and change within the professions. This paper presents an historical analysis of the major events leading to changes in the legal, medical and accounting codes of ethics.Jeanne F. Backof is the Accounting Manager, McDonogh School, Baltimore, Maryland. She is a CPA in Maryland and serves as chairperson of the Maryland Association of CPA's Academic Relations and Members in Education Committees.Charles L. Martin Jr. is Professor of Accounting, Towson State University, Towson, Maryland. He is a CPA in Maryland and has published numerous articles focusing on accounting education, ethical issues in accounting, strategic planning by public accounting firms, and financial auditing.     

The Role of Business Ethics,Personality, Work Values and Gender in Vocational Interests from Adolescents

The present study investigates how business ethics are related to vocational interest. Special attention has been paid to the relationship between business ethics and the interest in ‘enterprising’ and ‘social’ oriented professions. The results show that business ethics is only significantly correlated in a negative way, to enterprising vocational preferences. Moreover, the negative contribution of business ethics to the preference for entrepreneurial and managerial professions remains after controlling for personality and work values. Some work values also predict the entrepreneurial interest: Earnings, Influence, Competition, Innovation and Creativity. The personality traits Extraversion (positive) and Agreeableness (negative) have predictive validity, but this effect disappears after controlling for work values. In the ‘Discussion’ section, we pay attention to possible consequences of the negative relationship between business ethics and Entrepreneurial interest for Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). We argue that efforts concerning realistic job previews will only be meaningful if they are completed with efforts to make people more sensitive for ethics in two other domains, namely education and business.     

The executive suite: Are women perceived as ready for the managerial climb?

In a developing profession, emphasis is placed on two key ingredients for a successful climb to the executive suite — namely, interpersonal skills and an appropriate personality structure than can cope with forms of stress and uncertainty. The data presented in this study were collected from one of the major accounting firms and offers insights into men and women on the upward climb within the accounting profession. Analysis of this data shows that although appropriate personality characteristics are predicated on a male managerial model, women and men perceive themselves similarly with respect to these characteristics. However, others' perceptions of women, male accountants as well as clients, seemed more skeptical of women's ability to succeed. Furthermore, there are indications that women and men have different job assignments along their career paths. Our data collected in the latter half of the seventies tend to corroborate many of the findings in the first half — in general women are not perceived as ready for the managerial climb.     

可转换公司债券经济实质分析

本文在对业已存在于会计实务界和会计理论界的可转换公司债券交易特征分析的基础上,分析了可转换公司债券的经济实质所在,指出可转换公司债券是一种兼有债性、股性和转换期权三重特征的复合金融衍生工具。认识可转换公司债券的经济实质是对其进行会计确认、计量和报告的前提条件,是研究可转换公司债券问题的逻辑起点。     

Some unresolved ethical issues in auditing

Independence is a fundamental concept to the audit. There is a clear relationship between independence and conflict of interest in all professions. This paper examines this relationship in the auditing profession and in the context of three specific practices. The paper analyses these practices by using the Davis model of conflict of interest. The results of this analysis give rise to some interesting questions for the ethical practices of the auditing profession.Sally Gunz teaches business law at the School of Accountancy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo Ontario. She is a former legal practitioner whose research interests include ethical and legal issues of concern to auditors and studies of the corporate counsel profession.John McCutcheon teaches accounting at the School of Business and Economics, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario. His research interests include analyses of alternate approaches to the liability of auditors for negligence and various issues in management accounting.     

高校会计专业人格教育初探

加强高校会计专业人格教育是适应现代社会发展的客观需要。会计人格教育属于德育范畴,应以修身为主线,以诚信为重点,进行“爱岗敬业、诚实守信、客观公正、坚持原则”的会计职业道德教育。高校会计专业教育树人是核心,以德育人,以人育人。     

Private/Public Interest and the Enforcement of a Code of Professional Conduct

There has been considerable interest in the literature about how professions operate in both the private and public interest. This paper examines this issue in the context of the enforcement of the professional code of conduct of a particular professional accounting association. The paper explores whether certain enforcement actions of the association suggest behaviour motivated at least partially by private interest. It then considers whether the consequences of such behaviour or practices are troubling.     

A game-theoretic analysis of professional rights and responsibilities

Professions are granted autonomy by society, to regulate their own affairs. In return for the economic benefits autonomy grants to professions, society expects professions to act in a socially responsible manner. This paper presents a game-theoretic analysis of the relationship between society and professions, which shows that the relationship is unstable in the face of opportunities for professions to renege on the social contract. It also shows how periodic controversies regarding the degree to which professionals act in the public interest are expected to occur periodically, and how they are resolved.James C. Gaa is a member of the Accounting Area and an associate member of the Philosophy Department at McMaster University. He holds Ph.D. degrees from Washington University (Philosophy) and the University of Illinois (Accountancy). His recent research has focused on public policy and ethical issues in financial accounting and auditing. He also has publications in philosophy of science and ethics.     

浅谈电算化会计信息系统的内部控制

在电算化会计信息系统中,会计信息由计算机进行集中化、程序化处理,手工会计系统中的某些职责分离且相互牵制的控制措施失去效用,计算机电磁存储介质也不同于纸张载体,它能不留痕迹地进行修改和删除,控制范围扩大。为了实现系统的安全可靠,以及系统处理和存储的会计信息的准确完整,维护企业各种资源的安全,防范各种风险,必须结合电算化会计信息系统的特点建立一套更为严格的内部控制制度,即管理控制和应用控制。     

Comparing factor analytical and circumplex models of brand personality in brand positioning

Competition has never been greater, which means it is more important than ever that organizations assess their brand management strategies, including brand personality management. However, little empirical research addresses the brand personality concept, particularly its role in product evaluation. An exception, which views brand personality as a set of human personality characteristics associated with a brand, has been criticized for its use of a factor analytical approach. An alternative approach posits that the brand represents a relationship partner with which the consumer may choose to engage; it corresponds to the interpersonal circumplex approach to personality modeling. The present study compares these two approaches by developing brand positioning maps and predicting consumer outcomes. The results support the factor approach in a purely quantitative sense, but the circumplex approach offers both a richer qualitative explanation of the findings by encompassing a broad spectrum of traits and a more diagnostic prediction of consumer outcomes. The alternative conceptualization of brand personality contained in these results should be of interest to brand managers. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.