数字经济产业园区企业网络嵌入、数字化能力与开放式创新

以社会网络理论、动态能力理论等为理论基础,研究数字经济产业园区企业网络嵌入对开放式创新的影响。研究发现：网络嵌入显著正向影响数字经济产业园区企业开放式创新。机制分析表明,网络嵌入通过影响数字化能力进而提升数字经济产业园区企业开放式创新水平。进一步讨论发现,网络嵌入的子维度关系性网络嵌入对数字化能力的三个子维度数字感知能力、数字化运营能力、数字资源协同能力具有显著的正向影响;网络嵌入的子维度结构性网络嵌入对数字化能力的子维度数字感知能力和数字化运营能力具有显著的正向影响,但对数字资源整合能力的影响并不显著。本文对于数字经济产业园区构建协同共生网络生态,提高园区企业网络嵌入程度,进而培育和构建数字化能力,提高区域开放式创新水平提供了理论基础和一定的实践指导。     

Knowledge source strategy and enterprise innovation performance: dynamic analysis based on machine learning

By employing ergodic theory and applying the most advanced machine-leaning methods, this study exploits the rules of multi-dimensional, phased and non-linear dynamic evolution between the breadth and depth of knowledge sources and the innovation performance. The following conclusions are obtained. First, regarding explorative innovation, when both the breadth and depth of the knowledge source are at a low level, the enhancement of the breadth of the knowledge source may rapidly lift explorative innovation performance; when the knowledge source is at a high level, the theory of ‘ambidexterity balance’ is more applicable to find a balance between the breadth and the depth of the knowledge source for the enhancement of explorative innovation performance. Second, in terms of exploitative innovation, ‘ambidexterity balance’ theory can be applied at all levels. In other words, the balance of the breadth and the depth of the knowledge sources greatly enhances the exploitative innovation performance.     

South Korean social enterprises and their networks: On their organizational linkages at the interstice between the third,public, and corporate sectors

Social enterprise and government interactions have become an increasingly prominent theme in the literature on social entrepreneurship, due in part to the pressures confronting the welfare state and the rise of precarious work. This analysis is motivated by the efforts of the government of South Korea to incubate social enterprises since 2007. The constant scaling of the South Korean government's monitored social enterprise certification scheme had led to the registration of approximately 3440 social enterprises as of May 2021. This study documents the interorganizational network behaviour of these enterprises relative to the public sector, corporate sector, and civil society and the social economy. A cluster analysis approach is utilized to analyse network data obtained from a self-administered survey of 103 government-certified social enterprises operating in South Korea. We find that a sizeable number of government-certified social enterprises have diversified networks, as opposed to public sector-centric networks, although such social enterprises are in the minority. This study references social innovation cluster theory to argue that the aforementioned scheme has attained a partial degree of success in facilitating the emergence of social enterprises with diversified networks.However, the majority remain quasi-governmental implementers of government contracts and, generally, do not engage in networking.     

Inter-capital relations and the network organisation: redefining the work and employment nexus

The blurring of organisational boundaries associated with ‘networks’of organisations suggests the need to reconsider how work andemployment are shaped by shifting inter-capital relations. Traditionaltheories of the internalised employment relationship understateits inter-relationship with both the form of inter-capitalistcompetition and the type of inter-capitalist production relations.Also, existing theories of inter-organisational contractingdo not adequately address how these are shaped by employmentrelations, both within and between organisations. An alternativeapproach provides a new perspective for considering forms ofcountervailing power to protect workers' interests in a capitalistsystem continuously shifting from integrated to non-integratedforms.     

农业产业集群化发展中的流通路径及创新——以安徽省为例

农业产业集群化发展是实现农业现代化的重要途径。在农业产业集群发展过程中流通路径对其发展壮大起到关键作用。依据对安徽省目前农业产业集群的现状分析,农业产业集群的基本流通路径可以归结为农户到龙头企业、农户到合作组织和农户到批发市场三种,对这三种路径进一步研究表明现存流通路径存在诸多的缺陷和发展障碍。通过对流通渠道创新、经营方式创新、交易手段创新和流通技术创新四个流通创新方面可以解决安徽省现存农业产业集群的问题,促进农业产业集群的深化发展。     

科学驱动视角下产业创新网络与生态主体研究——以5G产业为例

利用产业科学关联度指标清晰界定科学驱动的产业与创新,通过社会网络分析方法探究其在整个产业中的网络地位及其作用,并挖掘产业创新生态参与主体的网络关系。研究发现：科学驱动的创新成果处于网络中心位置,更容易被频繁的引用,能够为其他创新成果提供经验输出和知识依赖,成为驱动创新发展的基石,同时科学驱动的创新成果审查周期和技术覆盖广度在数值上显著大于“技术驱动的创新”,表明其能够产生高价值技术的可能性更大;科学驱动的产业是科学驱动的创新大量汇聚的产业,是整个行业发展的关键核心技术,具备取得、协调及配置资源的能力,能够整合内外部信息和知识资源,通过频繁的交流、协作带动其他产业的共同发展,为产业的形成演化奠定基础;在科学驱动的产业中,创新主体之间网络结构紧密,产学研协同融合体系发挥重要作用,企业占据主体地位成为创新的主体和参与科学研究的主体,而大学等公共机构的创新成果传播速度更快,在创新网络中的中心性地位具有不可替代的优势。     

How technological innovation affects the structure of an industry: entrepreneurship evolution in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry since 1980

Challenges faced by the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry, including reduced R&D productivity and the expiration of drugs that are high in demand, are recently being addressed through technological innovation. Such innovations are highly likely to change the structure and functioning of the industry. Since 2000, biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies have actively made strategic alliance, and technological innovations have changed the source of innovation from R&D to entrepreneurship within the industry. In this study, we identify the evolution of entrepreneurship and discuss the changes caused by technological advancements since 1980 by analysing patterns of exporting and acquiring technology data from Medtrack. Over difference period, biopharmaceutical firms have gained new knowledge and improved technology, and have implemented this newly acquired knowledge and innovation to introduce drugs to the market.     

The timing of fostering complementary innovation: exploring the antecedent of industry platform emergence

This paper concentrates on exploring the antecedent of industry platform emergence in order to clarify the appropriate timing of opening the platform to successfully architect innovation by external complementors. An industry platform is defined as a core component of a technological system, which facilitates firms in orchestrating complementary innovation leading to the creation of network effects. Literature on industry platforms has mainly paid attention to investigating strategies that firms can implement to foster platform ecosystems. Relatively little research has been done on analysing the suitable timing of increasing platform openness. This incomplete understanding may cause confusion in the use of the industry platform concept, when deciding on the timing of encouraging complementary innovation. To explore this issue, a case study approach was employed to collecting and analysing research data. A total of five case studies were conducted. The case study findings suggest that the appropriate user acceptance of a product platform can be regarded as the antecedent of platform emergence, and this can help firms decide on the timing of opening the platform for the purpose of successfully steering complementary innovation. The research findings have made theoretical contributions to knowledge and have provided firms with practical implications.     

Resource orchestration for innovation: the dual role of information technology

The question of how information technology-both as an operand resource and as an operant resource-impacts on innovation processes and innovation outcomes remains largely uninvestigated in the manufacturing enterprises. Building on an in-depth case study of a manufacturing enterprise in China, we present a resource orchestration for innovation model and examine the dual role of IT in three distinct innovation processes. The model highlights the multilevel nature of the computerisation process, showing that it entails different IT role and be associated with a particular innovation outcome at each process. This study synthesises resource orchestration framework and IT concepts to elaborate the synergistic relationships between various resources at all levels both inside and between enterprises. Our study not only contributes to broadening the theoretical perspectives by exploring the dual role of IT in managerial issues but also provides some practical suggestions for business leaders to facilitate innovation processes.     

技术创新的催化剂:差异化战略——动态网络能力与数字化转型桥梁与变革机制

在中国式现代化的背景下,如何发挥科技创新作为现代化的核心动力成为关键议题。本文以2011—2021年我国上市公司为研究对象,深入探讨并分析差异化战略在技术创新中的作用机制。结果发现,企业差异化战略的强度与技术创新成果之间存在显著正向关联,这种影响主要通过动态网络能力的构建与数字化转型机制的引入而实现。此外,环境的不确定性对差异化战略影响企业技术创新产生负向调节作用。拓展研究发现,差异化战略在提升企业创新质量方面的效果较为有限,尤其是在优质专利指数等创新质量评价标准上的提升表现相对减弱。研究结论为优化动态网络能力、深化数字化转型、克服技术障碍,以实现符合中国式现代化要求的目标提供了实质性的理论支撑和指导。     

The impact of old technologies on innovation: the case of the US biotechnology industry

This paper investigates the implications of a technology sourcing strategy maintaining a focus on the rediscovery of old technologies. Specifically, we study the different impact exerted by old technological solutions, distinguished on the basis of their organisational and industrial origins, on the innovation value. We develop a set of hypotheses about the impact exerted by four distinct types of old technological solutions (firm core technological heritage, firm lateral technological heritage, competitors’ technological heritage and others’ technological heritage) and test them on a sample of 1189 biotechnology patents registered at the US Patent and Trademark Office from 1979 to 2002. Results strongly support our hypotheses, revealing that: (1) using both firm core technological heritage and others’ technological heritage has an inverted U-shaped effect on innovation value; (2) employing firm lateral technological heritage is positively related to innovation value; (3) a negative relationship occurs between competitors’ core technological heritage and the value of subsequent innovations.     

Integration,network and industrial innovation in technology sourcing overseas M&A: a comparison between China and South Korea

ABSTRACT

Appropriate integration in technology sourcing overseas M&A is effective for acquirers to improve their innovation network positions and to promote domestic industrial innovation. We use the technology sourcing overseas M&A of Chinese and South Korean manufacturing industries as samples for empirical analysis. The results show that post-merger integration strategy should match resource characteristics between acquiring and acquired firms to promote industrial innovation through innovation network position improvement. Specifically, high-degree integration should match high-resource-similarity / low-resource-complementarity acquired firms, low-degree integration should match low-resource-similarity / high-resource-complementarity acquired firms, and moderate-degree integration should match high-resource-similarity / high-resource-complementarity acquired firms. The acquirer’s home country institutional development enhances the effect of post-merger integration. This study provides guidance for promoting industrial innovation through post-merger integration.     

The impact of dual network structure on firm performance: the moderating effect of innovation strategy

ABSTRACT

Firm innovation is embedded in a collaboration network among researchers and a knowledge network composed of knowledge elements; the two networks are decoupled. Guided by social network theory, this study puts forward the definition and the classification of firm dual network structure, probes into the influence of dual network structure on firm performance, and explores the alignment between innovation strategy and firm dual network structure. We conduct an empirical study of 183 listed companies in China from 2004 to 2018. It is found that the four types of dual network structure all have positive impacts on firm performance, and the impact of a collaboration network is slightly higher than that of a knowledge network. Besides, innovation strategy plays a positive moderating role in the relationship between dual network structure and firm performance. Our findings provide new ideas for firms to identify and optimise knowledge and collaboration network structures and match them with innovation strategy to improve performance.     

Industrial development environment and innovation efficiency of high-tech industry: analysis based on the framework of innovation systems

This present paper studies the relationship between the industrial development environment (IDE) and the innovation efficiency (IE) of China’s high-tech industry. First, drawing upon insights from research on regional innovation systems and sectoral innovation systems, the paper proposes a definition of the IDE within which China’s high-tech industry exists. Then, by a factorial analysis, three main components reflecting the IDE are obtained: regional development conditions, regional consumption potential, and interactions between innovation actors. Furthermore, the impacts of various facets of the IDE on three kinds of IE are investigated through the DEA-Tobit regression approach. Based on the results, our analysis can provide information for policymakers to create a favourable environment for China’s high-tech industry.     

The impact of exploration and exploitation learning on organisational innovativeness among hospitals: an open innovation view

This study tries to explore the impact of exploration and exploitation learning on organisational innovativeness among health service organisations from an open innovation view. We developed several constructs including realised absorptive capacity (RACAP), breadth and depth of external knowledge acquisition and tried to explore the roles of these constructs in the influence process of organisational learning on organisational innovativeness. The mail survey was used to collect research data from top hospital managers in Taiwan. The overall valid response rate was 44.23%. We applied a structural equation model to test the research hypothesis. Results indicated the breadth and depth of external knowledge acquisition would affect organisational innovativeness through RACAP. Exploration learning had a directly positive influence on RACAP and also had an indirect impact through the mediation of breadth and depth of external knowledge acquisition among health service organisations.     

Matthew effect,capabilities and innovation policy: the Argentinean case

The purpose of this paper is to test the presence of Matthew effects in different types of public funding for innovation – non-refundable grants, subsidized loans and tax credits. According to the literature, Matthew effect refers to the impact of past accessing to public funds on reputation, which increases the probability of accessing in the present. The dataset is made of 966 firms that accessed the Technological Argentinean Fund (FONTAR), main instrument to foster innovation in Argentina, during 2007–2013 – 3300 observations. Results confirm the existence of Matthew effects: past accessing to FONTAR increases the probability of accessing in the present, but only when different instruments are taken altogether. Then, Matthew effect is positively associated with the diversification of access to promotional instruments rather than the repeated access to one type of funding tool. Additionally, results show that firm’s innovation investments, R&D activities, and human resources, explain the increase in probability of accessing, which provides evidence regarding the presence of capability effects. All of this suggests that once the firm enters the system of public funding, it remains with an active innovative behaviour, not just because of reputation effects, but because it has accumulated capabilities in the pursuit of a technological advantage.     

强度与指向：政府支持企业创新发展的注意力研究——基于中央科技政策文本的分析

政府支持企业创新发展的注意力变化及其分配对我国企业的创新发展具有重要的意义,而当前学界缺乏对此问题的深入探索。本文主要采用ROST CM 6.0软件对1983—2019年中央科技政策文本进行分析,总结提炼了此时期内中央政府支持企业创新发展的注意力强度与指向变化。结果表明：(1)中央政府支持企业创新发展的注意力强度经历了从“波动上升”到“相对稳定”的变化过程;(2)中央政府支持企业创新发展的施政重心经历了从“增强企业活力”到“创新驱动发展”的变化历程,不同时期中央政府对支持企业创新发展的认知以及需求存在差异,中央对支持企业创新发展的总体认知也在不断深化。(3)中央政府支持企业创新发展的注意力指向发生了明显转移,技术发展实现了从“重引进学习”到“创新驱动发展”的战略转型,制度建设则朝着从“重管理”到“重服务”的方向转变,体现了政府在“瘦身”的同时,为企业创新发展“放水养鱼”。     

Decomposing the contribution of firm innovation to aggregate productivity growth: the case of Chinese manufacturing industry

This article proposes a generalized productivity decomposition approach to evaluate the contribution of firm innovation to aggregate productivity growth (APG) of China’s manufacturing industry. Results indicate that APG is mainly driven by firm-level productivity improvements, while across-firm resource misallocations lead to sizable productivity losses. The weak contribution of firm innovation to APG is found to be mainly caused by resource misallocations within innovating firms. The results suggest that firm innovation has not yet taken a dominant driving force for APG.     

Enhancing innovation through learning: the roles of market orientation and interorganisational knowledge stores

Drawing on the organisational learning theory, this study regards market orientation as a market-based learning and seeks to advance insight into how market orientation and interorganisational knowledge stores together affect different types of innovation. Our findings from a sample of 246 manufacturing firms provide supporting evidence for the positive effect of market orientation on both explorative and exploitative innovation. The effect of market orientation on innovation gets amplified when firms possess large amount of interorganisational knowledge, demonstrating the synergistic effect produced by different types of learning which is less known. This study, therefore, sheds light on the under-researched area of literature surrounding the interaction between different learning activities and the roles of knowledge from different sources on firm innovation.     

Strategic networks and new product performance: the mediating role of ambidextrous innovation

In this study we examine the relationship between strategic networks and new product performance from the perspective of ambidextrous innovation (i.e. combining exploratory innovation and exploitative innovation) using a sample of 323 manufacturing firms in the transitional economy of China. Our empirical analyses present several interesting findings: (a) strategic networks are positively related to firms’ new product performance; (b) ambidextrous innovation has a positive effect on firms’ new product performance – that is, the combination of exploratory innovation and exploitative innovation positively affects the firm's new product performance, while the lack of balance between exploratory innovation and exploitative innovation negatively affects the firm's new product performance; and (c) ambidextrous innovation mediates the relationship between strategic networks and new product performance. Our findings provide scholars and managers with a better understanding of the key role played by the simultaneous adoption of exploratory and exploitative innovation in the relationship between strategic networks and new product performance.