Rapid Economic Growth: Contributing Factors and Challenges Ahead*

The sustained improvement in the underlying conditions for growth for more than two decades has resulted in lifting the Indian economy from the bottom of the growth heap to one of the fastest growing economies in the world. This paper presents the factors that have contributed to the growth acceleration in India over the past 25 years and the challenges faced by the growth process in the years ahead. The inadequate and poor quality of infrastructure, particularly electricity, the emerging scarcity of skilled labor, and a lagging agricultural sector pose serious medium‐term challenges to the sustainability of high growth, while management of the macroeconomic environment poses more immediate challenges in view of the proliferation of unsustainable and sometimes invisible subsidies, sharp increases in the world prices of food and fuel, and pressure on the exchange rate executed by strong capital inflows.     

Accounting for Recent Economic Growth in Southeast Asia

This paper identifies the major factors explaining GDP growth in a number of Southeast Asian countries during the 1980s and early 90s. Estimates of the contribution of technological change, increases in the endowments of labor and capital, movements in the terms of trade, and changes in domestic output prices are reported for Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, the Philippines, and Thailand. Partial results for Indonesia and Malaysia are also shown. An index number approach is used; it has a tight theoretical foundation, being based on the GNP/GDP function approach to modeling the production sector of an open economy.     

Association of Southeast Asian Nations Economic Integration: Developments and Challenges

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was formed in 1967 for geopolitical reasons, but faced with the competitive threat from the North American Free Trade Agreement and the European Single Market, it embarked in 1992 on the ASEAN Free Trade Area in goods, followed by liberalization of services trade and investment flows. A subsequent competitive threat from the rise of China and India led to the ASEAN Economic Community in 2003, targeted at creating a single market and production base and a competitive region with equitable economic development and integrated with the global economy. The ASEAN Economic Community is not quite a common market as it allows for only freer flows of capital and free flows of skilled labor. ASEAN's economic diversity led to difficulties with implementation and the need to narrow the development gap. ASEAN's dependence on global markets and investors led to the emphasis on open regionalism, support of the World Trade Organization, and free trade agreements with its major trade and investment partners.     

沈阳经济区土地利用要素性冲突空间多尺度作用机理

土地利用冲突是揭示新时期区域人地关系演化机理的重要突破口。既有研究侧重于从结构性和功能性视角分析土地利用冲突,而对土地利用冲突的要素性冲突多尺度作用机理的研究相对薄弱。文章以沈阳经济区为研究区,引入小波相干分析法和交叉小波模型,揭示土地利用冲突与其关键影响要素的空间多尺度交互作用机理。结果表明：(1)研究区土地利用冲突与8个关键影响要素的交互作用关系显著;(2)研究区土地利用冲突与人文要素的驱动作用关系比自然要素更加明显,而土地利用冲突对自然要素的响应程度比人文要素更加显著;(3)研究区土地利用冲突与其关键影响要素具有明显的空间多尺度关联关系;(4)研究区人口密度、GDP与土地利用冲突交互作用的空间位置主要作用于经济较为发达的主城区,NDVI主要作用于林区,能源消耗量主要作用于工业企业较为密集的区域,其他关键影响要素零散分布在研究区采样空间上。     

会计谨慎性原则的起源与经济影响

谨慎性是传统会计中一项历史久远、影响深远但又颇具争议的计量原则.作者分析谨慎性原则的内涵及其演化过程;阐明谨慎性起源的三种解释:契约解释、诉讼解释和税收解释,说明这些解释的理论含义而且列举了相关的实证证据;有关谨慎性的经济影响,包括其对财务报表的影响和股票市场价格的影响;指出对谨慎性的主要批评.     

贵州省耕地利用效率与经济发展的时空耦合关系

为探究贵州省耕地利用效率与经济发展的时空耦合关系,在已有研究的基础上,以喀斯特高原区——贵州省为研究对象,采用随机前沿生产函数模型计算研究区的耕地利用效率,并引入重心模型、地理联系率、地理集中度及耦合模型等方法揭示研究区耕地利用效率与经济发展的时空耦合关系。结果表明贵州省的耕地利用效率水平整体较高,实际产出与潜在产出之间存在的差异较小;研究期内耕地利用效率与经济发展之间存在着较高的耦合关系,时空分布一致性较强;耕地利用效率的提升能够有效促进区域经济的发展。     

许昌市土地利用结构及空间形态变化分析

通过许昌市1985年、1995年、2000年的土地利用变化情况分析,得出许昌市土地利用呈现旱地减少面积大、建设用地急剧增加和草地、林地波动状变化现象,最后提出许昌市土地利用应加强土地规划与管理、优化土地结构、加强可持续发展教育和动态监测,走向可持续发展道路。     

中小企业信息化面临的挑战

在经济信息化高速发展的时代,我国的企业尤其是中小企业面临着全球化、信息化严峻的挑战,作为中小企业发展的重要部分——中小企业信息化也正期待着新的变局。本文主要分析了我国中小企业信息化的现状及其存在的问题,并据此提出中小企业信息化应用策略,为中国中小企业信息化发展提供借鉴。     

Econometrics for Evaluations: An Introduction to Recent Developments

There has recently been a rapid expansion of interest in the econometrics of program evaluation, both within Australia and around the world. We provide a review of the key issues and recent developments in this field. A central feature of recent developments is the attempt to allow for program impacts that vary across individuals. This contrasts with earlier econometric approaches that implicitly assumed a homogeneous treatment effect. We survey alternative nonexperimental estimation strategies and note that they can be characterised by (1) an assumption about how untreated outcomes vary across individuals: this assumption in turn suggests how the counter-factual untreated outcomes of program participants should be estimated, and (2) the way in which the estimator aggregates or weights the program impacts of different individuals in the treatment group. We also emphasise the importance of good data.     

中国土地利用碳排放及其空间关联

基于研究单元全部土地利用类型数据,采用碳排放计算模型,估算了中国31个省区1990-2008年的土地利用碳排放强度,揭示其时空演变规律,并利用空间自相关方法,探讨了中国省级尺度土地利用碳排放强度的空间关联特征.结果表明:①1990-2008年,中国土地利用碳排放量从9.67×108t持续上升至32.37× 108t.建设用地是主要的碳排放来源,其碳排放量占总碳排放量的97.83％以上.林地是主要的碳汇,其碳排放量占总碳排放量的90％以上.②受经济发展水平和地形差异的影响,碳排放强度空间差异显著,重度碳排放区域集中分布在东部、北部沿海地区,轻度碳排放区域集中分布在西北、西南地区.③全局自相关Moran'sI值从1990年的0.1558持续上升至2008年的0.2734,说明中国土地利用碳排放强度在省级尺度上具有明显的空间集聚特征,且集聚程度不断增强.④集聚中心和孤立点的空间转移存在较强的规律性.⑤局域自相关分析表明,中国土地利用碳排放强度表现出十分明显的局部空间差异.碳排放强度高值集聚区和低值集聚区均表现出较强的空间锁定和路径依赖特征,体现为高值集聚区向沿海集中,低值集聚区向内陆迁移.     

欧洲页岩气开发现状及面临的挑战

美国页岩气革命取得巨大成功,由此可能带来的全球能源、经济和政治格局变化,引发了全世界的关注。欧洲希望复制美国成功模式。对欧洲页岩气开发现状及面临的挑战进行了研究和分析：目前,欧洲页岩气开发工作进展缓慢,在技术、成本和环境等方面面临重大挑战;但在开发方面也有诸多积极因素,如,油气资源衰竭、减排和环境保护等。我国页岩气资源潜力远高于欧洲,加快页岩气开发,对于改变我国油气资源格局,保障国家能源安全,促进经济发展,意义重大。     

国有土地出让视角下的中国城市经济增长趋同研究

改革开放以来中国经济增长的历史经验表明,土地要素的市场化交易不仅极大地促进了资本的形成和城市化的推进,而且有效地增加了地方政府的财政收入,缓解了分税制改革带来的地方财政收支责任失衡,从而促进了经济增长。本文运用使用附加人力资本和土地出让的四要素CES生产技术模型构造了城市经济增长的面板趋同方程,考察了中国土地资源配置市场化改革的核心-国有土地使用权出让对中国城市经济增长趋同性的实质性影响。     

The Effects of Bequest Tax on Land Prices and Land Use

The paper examines whether bequest taxation affects land use, using an overlapping-generations model. In Japan, in assessing land for the purpose of inheritance taxation, the assessed value is less than the market value; however, other assets are valued at market value. Such an asymmetry creates a greater incentive for the older generation to hold land, because the probability of decease is higher for older than younger persons. With constant technology available in each generation, the inheritance tax is found to lead to inefficient land use, sluggish conversion of land over time and higher land prices.
JEL Classification Numbers: H24, R14.     

湖州南浔经济开发区土地利用经济效益评价研究

研究开发区用地经济效益的影响因素以及影响程度对提高开发区土地利用的经济效益、实现土地的集约利用具有重要意义。以湖州南浔经济技术开发区为研究对象,选取经济规模指标、集约程度指标、经济效益指标三类共10个评价因子,通过协调度模型测算开发区土地利用经济效益现状与规划目标理想值之间的协调度。结果表明：其土地利用协调度为0．58,经济效益一般。针对此结果,分析南浔经济技术开发区经济效益低下的原因,并在此基础上提出了提高土地利用经济效益的建议。     

租赁会计准则的改进与面临的挑战——兼评《国际会计准则17号——租赁》

文章结合新版国际会计准则,圣租凭会计核算的特点,不同租赁类型的鉴别,会计准则术语与财务会计概念的,财务费用的计算,以及租赁业务的纳税等问题进行了探讨。     

区域经济关联与经济增长的空间溢出效应——以新疆为例

本文在外部性理论、经济地理理论和空间经济学理论框架下,通过采用空间分析技术对1995年以来新疆14地州全域和局域两个层面上的区域关联进行研究,并通引入表征区域关联的新经济地理变量“市场潜能”,对区域联系效应和空间外溢对于新疆区域经济的影响程度进行计量分析.结论表明,新疆区域关联性逐渐加深.市场潜能提高1％,区域经济提高0.29个百分点,同时在忽视区域关联效应,会造成过度高估资本投资对于新疆经济增长的作用.     

The Economic Rise of China: Challenges and Opportunities for ASEAN

This paper looks at the economic rise of China and its impacts and implications for the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) region. The issues of complementarities and competitiveness of ASEAN and China in trade and investment and the opportunities and challenges arising from China's emergence and the ASEAN-China Free Trade Area are discussed. The message from China's emergence is clear and strong; it is that size does matter. To increase ASEAN competitiveness, the paper highlights the need for a deeper and more rapid economic integration of ASEAN in order to exploit scale economies. The important role of Japan in this process is highlighted. Finally the issue of ASEAN economic diversity is discussed. It is suggested that while ASEAN is fairly diverse, this should not be a critical stumbling block to a more rapid economic integration of ASEAN.