Property Rights and Natural Resource Conservation. A Bio-Economic Model with Numerical Illustrations from the Serengeti-Mara Ecosystem

This study develops a model for wildlifemigrating seasonally between a conservationarea and a neighbouring area. When beingoutside the conservation area, harvesting takesplace by a group of small-scale farmers. Thelocal people have two motives for harvesting;to get rid of ``problem' animals as roamingwildlife destroys crops and agriculturalproducts, and hunting for meat and trophies.Depending on the specification of the propertyrights, the harvesting is legal or illegal. Itis demonstrated that it is far from clear whichof the two property rights regimes that givesthe highest wildlife abundance. Hence, contraryto what is argued for in the literature,handing the property rights over to the localpeople means not automatically more wildlifeand a more ``sustainable' resource utilization.The reason lies in the nuisance motive forharvesting. The exploitation under the twodifferent property rights regimes areillustrated by numerical calculations with datathat fits reasonable well with the exploitationof the wildebeest population in theSerengeti-Mara ecosystem.     

心理契约视角:对企业经营者激励的思考

完全借助委托—代理理论来解决经营者激励问题的做法,在实践中受到了挑战。本文尝试将心理契约理论引入经营者激励的研究之中,对经营者的人性假设进行了认真的思考,认为以心理契约为基础是解决现有经营者激励机制缺陷的关键,再通过对经营者心理契约特征的分析,来探讨与此相应的经营者激励对策。     

Joint Management of Wildlife and Livestock Disease

We analyze a bioeconomic model of a multiple-host disease problem involving wildlife and livestock. The social planner’s choices include targeted (i.e., infectious versus healthy) livestock harvests, non-targeted wildlife harvests, environmental habitat variables, and on-farm biosecurity to prevent cross-species contacts. The model is applied to bovine tuberculosis among Michigan white-tailed deer and cattle. We find optimal controls may target the livestock sector more stringently when the livestock sector exhibits low value relative to the wildlife sector. This is in contrast with the conventional wisdom on the issue that controls should primarily target wildlife species that serve as disease reservoirs.     

复杂环境下企业管理控制模式的创新研究

文章分析了管理控制模式的研究进程,指出了当前企业经营环境的复杂性,国际化、网络化、人本化、知识化对传统管理控制方式提出了挑战,根据上述4个方面的特征和对管理控制的要求,论述管理控制模式的创新,为复杂环境下的企业管理提供思路.     

Generalized Progress of Abatement Technology: Incentives Under Environmental Liability Law

This paper considers the incentives environmental liability creates to improve pollution abatement technology. Our analysis considers technical progress in end-of-pipe abatement and in the production technology used, thereby generalizing the approach taken by Endres et?al. (Environ Resour Econ 36:341?C366, 2007). We establish that this generalization has drastic repercussions on incentives under negligence liability, while the performance of strict liability is not compromised. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the social desirability of investment in abatement or production technology (or both) decisively determines how ex-ante and ex-post regulation fare with respect to welfare maximization in the case of negligence liability.     

A Hierarchical Stochastic Frontier Model for Efficiency Measurement Under Technology Heterogeneity

Journal of Quantitative Economics - This article proposes an extension to the typical random-coefficients frontier model that allows the incorporation of firm management indicator(s) in the...     

经济全球化下的国际税收竞争与税收优惠

本文从经济全球化入手,论述了经济全球化、税收国际化、国际税收竞争与税收优惠的关系,主张纵向研究国际税收竞争,从国民经济发展的全局出发审视利用税收优惠手段参与国际税收竞争的利与弊.     

危机环境下旅游企业管理柔性问题研究

随着计算机网络、通信技术以及经济全球化趋势的迅猛发展,旅游企业面临的竞争环境更加复杂,竞争更加激烈,竞争优势的可保持性越来越低,各种危机频繁发生.面对这种危机重生的外部环境,旅游企业必须从企业文化、人力资源管理、企业生产和企业组织结构等四个方面增加管理的柔性,增强企业的竞争优势,提高企业的竞争力.     

Incentives to Diffuse Advanced Abatement Technology Under the Formation of International Environmental Agreements

We analyse the incentives for polluting firms to diffuse and adopt advanced abatement technology in a framework in which governments negotiate an international environmental agreement. These incentives crucially depend on whether the underlying environmental policy instrument is an emission tax or an emission quota. The results for the international setting fundamentally differ from those for the national setting that have been elaborated upon in the earlier literature. In particular, equilibrium diffusion and adoption of advanced abatement technology are not necessarily optimal under the tax regime and may be even lower than those under the quota regime.     

基于长沙市T区社区管理模式现状的思考

以长沙市T区为分析案例,通过对T区进行调查研究,寻找当前长沙市社区管理模式存在的一些问题：管理体制的行政化,政府职能的错位与缺位,居民与社区中介组织参与社区管理程度低,社区工作任务繁重,等等。要解决当前社区管理存在的一系列问题,必须重新考析政府、社区、社区中介组织以及居民之间的关系,理顺社区管理体制,明确政府职能,大力培育社区中介组织,培养居民的参与意识,构建长沙市功能型社区管理模式。     

高管层激励股权分布结构及其成因——中国上市公司实证分析

股权激励制度实施过程中,由激励股权①在激励对象间的分布形成的分布结构是除激励股权绝对数量之外另一个影响股权激励绩效的重要因素.但国内外现有研究却鲜有论及.本文利用实施股权激励的中国上市公司的数据,阐明了高管层激励股权分布的绝对差距和相对差距形成的激励股权分布结构②,并进一步的研究了其形成的原因.结果表明:我国上市公司趋向选择平均的激励股权分布结构;激励股权分布结构形成的主要影响因素是公司规模和股权集中度.公司规模越大、股权集中度越低,公司越易形成不均匀的激励股权分布结构;公司规模越小、股权集中度越高,则越易形成均匀的激励股权分布结构.这一方面体现了公司规模和股权集中度对激励股权分布结构的最大影响,也从另一个角度反映出我国上市公司制定股权激励制度时采纳的依据的范围较狭隘,可能降低股权激励制度的科学性.     

The Research about Earnings Management Incentives of Listed Companies in China

This paper overviews earnings management incentive of listed companies and finds the incentives of cost in transactions with stockholders, a comparative performance advantage and a rational response to that market behavior which is anticipated. This paper tells us that even if there were no agency problems, earnings management should exist all the time.     

知识管理成熟度模型(KMMM)研究述评

随着成熟度模型及知识管理研究的日益深入,国外的相关机构和学者提出了众多的知识管理成熟度的相关模型。对近年来较有影响力的9种知识管理成熟度模型作一综述分析,并在此基础上揭示了有待进一步研究的问题,以期为知识管理成熟度模型理论的发展提供一些新的视角和研究参考。     

基础设施公共安全风险管理制度研究

随着基础设施建设步伐的加快和城市人口的急剧膨胀,各种公共安全事故发生的频度和程度迅速增加,使得城市的可持续发展受到严重威胁,城市公共安全面临空前的挑战。本文提出加强基础设施公共安全规划、推行基础设施项目公共安全风险评价制度、健全安全风险分担机制、建立安全应急能力评价指标与应急管理机制、推进安全社区建设以及健全安全管理人才培养与安全教育体系等基础设施公共安全风险管理政策制度。     

生态预算:一种城市环境管理模型

I. The reasons for the establishment of eco-budget It is one of the biggest challenges for us to develop with scarce resources at the beginning of this century. Local governments are at the forefront to meet the serious challenge. When we talk about scarce resources, we often think of finances. However, the lack of environmental re- sources goes far beyond the shortage of finance and personnel. In 1990s, the development of new mechanisms for the public management models aimed at achieving pro…     

银行高层激励:美国20家银行调查

本文对 2 0 0 3年美国福布斯 50 0强排名中选出的 2 0家银行 1 992年至 2 0 0 2年的数据进行分析 ,研究包括董事局主席和CEO在内的高级管理人员的收入结构、收入时间序列变化 ,以及内部收入级差的特征 ,找出美国大银行高层报酬与激励中一些定量的、带有规律性的特点 ,对形成这些报酬特点的原因作初步探讨 ,作为中国银行业改革借鉴。     

A Model Under Siege: A Case Study of the German Retirement Insurance System

This study evaluates the positive and negative features of the German public pension system and discusses three reasons for its increasing perceived and real difficulties: maturation, negative incentive effects, and the problems of demographic change. The German system in its current form may be able to limp through the coming decades but will cease to be the exemplary Bismarckian machine that has created generous retirement incomes at reasonable tax rates. Current policy proposals are insufficient and a few but incisive design changes and some degree of prefunding could rescue the many positive aspects of the German retirement insurance system.     

A Post-Consumer Waste Management Model for Determining Optimal Levels of Recycling and Landfilling

The present study examines the optimal recycling rate for municipal solid waste. First, an optimal control model is developed to account for the physical costs of recycling, the social costs of landfilling, and consumers' environmental preferences. Second, an optimal solution is simulated using waste disposal data from the Helsinki region in Finland. The benefits from recycling are included in the simulation using the results of a recent contingent valuation study. The results of the present research suggest that mandates for achieving 50% recycling in municipalities are not far-fetched and are both economically and environmentally justified.     

高级管理层激励与上市公司经营绩效

我国企业高级管理人员的激励问题一直是各方关注的焦点。本文运用我国上市公司的经验证据来考察公司经营绩效与高级管理人员激励的关系。研究结果表明 ,上市公司高级管理人员年度货币收入偏低 ,报酬结构不合理 ,形式单一 ,收入水平存在明显的行业差异。此外 ,“零报酬”现象严重 ,高级管理人员持股水平偏低 ,“零持股”现象比较普遍。高级管理人员的年度报酬与上市公司的经营业绩并不存在显著的正相关关系。高级管理人员的持股也没有达到预期的激励效果 ,它仅仅是一种福利制度安排。我们的研究结果还表明 ,高级管理人员的持股数量与公司经营绩效也并不存在“区间效应” ,高级管理人员的报酬水平与企业规模存在显著的正相关关系 ,与其所持股份存在负相关关系 ,并受所处行业景气度的影响