进一步完善出口信用保险

１９世纪后半叶，贩运商品至澳大利亚的英国商人开创了历史上有记载的投保出口信用保险的先河。出口信用保险随着国际贸易的发展，特别是出口在一国经济发展所处地位的提高，愈益为人们所认识。出口信用保险作为一国扩大出口的战略之一，对世界贸易的发展有着巨大的推动作用。一、出口信用保险及其重要性出口信用保险（ExportCreditInsur－ance）是在商品出口或相关经济活动中发生的，保险人（经营出口信用保险业务的保险公司）与被保险人（向国外买方提供信用的出口商或银行）签订的一种保险协议，根据协议，被保险人向保险人缴纳保费，…     

论信用保险与扩大内需

我国作为世界上最大的发展中国家，拉动经济增长的主要动力应着眼于国内需求。这对于推动经济持续发展以及促进社会和谐稳定都具有重要意义。本文从信用保险角度出发，分析了制约扩大内需的因素，论述了信用保险在扩大内需中所起到的重要作用并为信用保险如何在扩大内需中发挥积极作用提出了合理化建议。     

信用保险独立地位之研究

信用保险虽然在国外已经有近百年的历史,但是在我国仍然属于新型险种。虽然我国《保险法》已经明确地将信用保险作为财产保险的法定险种之一,但在理论和实践中仍然存在把信用保险等同于保证担保的观点,也有把信用保险和保证保险混为一谈的看法,对信用保险的业务发展和司法实践产生一定的负面影响。因此,有必要对信用保险的独立地位进行法理分析,明确信用保险与保证担保以及保证保险的区别,以求正本清源。     

论保险信用评级制度有效性的经济学基础

保险评级结果基本上能够反映评级对象的实际风险，可以起到早期预警系统的作用。本文从信息经济学和新制度经济学层面对保险信用评级制度有效性进行分析，以期对我国保险信用评级制度的建立和完善起抛砖引玉的作用。     

我国出口信用保险存在的问题及其对策研究——以宁波为例分析

出口信用保险是世贸组织规则允许的贸易促进措施,是各国政府支持出口、防范收汇风险的国际通行做法。目前,出口信用保险已成为世界大多数国家支持出口的一个重要手段。与发达国家相比,我国的出口信用保险起步晚,发展比较落后。存在着较多问题。因此,从我国出口信用保险的现状出发,分析我国出口信用保险发展中存在的问题,并针对性提出相应对策,对我国出口信用保险的进一步发展,充分发挥出口信用保险对出口贸易的支持作用,有着重要的意义。     

出口信用保险如何应对

<正> 我国出口信用保险发展的概况出口信用保险是以出品贸易和海外投资中的买方信用风险为保险对象的信用保险,它是各国为争夺出口市场、推动本国贸易发展而开展的一项重要的政策性保险业务。1926年,英国即在商务部下设输出信用保证局开办政策性的出口信用保险业务,德国、日本、欧洲各国无不以出口信用保险作为开拓国际市场、参与国际竞争的有力竞争手段。我国的出口信用保险始于1989年,中国人民保险公司接受政府的委托正式开办机电产品出口的信用保险业务,并在随后的几年里将短期出口信用保险在全国迅速推广开来,受保市场达70多个国家和地区,为     

出口信用保险的技术分析

出口信用保险是政府支持出口的政策性金融工具,可以使出口商以更加灵活的商业信用方式开拓海外市场,提高竞争力,促进出口和资本性货物海外投资。我国lpes年初开办出口信用保险与对外担保业务,到lop年底,我国出口信用保险承保金额累计100多亿美元,对外担保总金额累计达11．56亿美元,金额十分有限,出口信用保险占国际贸易额的三％,而国际上这一比例为U％～14％．我国与发达国家相比也有很大的差距,需要扩大出口信用保险与对外担保业务。一、出口信用保险业务的技术分析与一般商业性保险不同,政策性出口信用保险的作用不仅表现在风…     

企业投保出口信用保险净收益研究

本文通过引入信用成本的概念,提出了计算投保出口信用保险净收益的计算方法和公式.结果显示企业投保出口信用保险的净收益取决于平均收账天数、变动成本率、应收账款变动管理成本率、坏账率、资金成本率、信用保险赔付比例、年化贷款利率和保险费率九个指标的综合结果.研究结果可为出口企业投保信用保险的决策提供指导和参考.     

保险业发展中的信用缺失问题

市场经济是信用经济,信用是市场经济的基石。保险信用体系是社会信用体系的重要组成部分,但最近一段时期以来,保险业出现诚信危机,保险信用缺失问题引起了全社会的广泛关注,构筑保险信用体系已成为我国保险业可持续发展所面临的当务之急,也是提高中资保险公司市场竞争力的必然选择。     

我国出口信用保险中存在的问题分析

本文从阐述出口信用保险的基本含义入手,从我国实际出发,分析出口保险在我国的现状、存在问题,希望对我国出口信用保险体系的构建能够起到一定的作用,并在促进出口信用保险发展的基础上能够进一步促进我国出口贸易的发展。     

我国房地产税制的现状及改革构想

房地产税制是维护房地产市场公平竞争，实现国家对房地产业宏观调控的有力杠杆。然而，我国现行的房地产税制却存在税费不分、税制不统一、税制结构不合理等诸多问题。严重影响了其对房地产业应有的宏观调控作用。因此，适时地推进房地产税制的改革应是当务之急，应统一内外税制，合理界定税费的范围，建立统一、规范、合理的房地产税收体系。     

The Change in Productive Efficiency in Telecommunications in the United States

The question addressed here is whether the adoption of incentive regulation, which has become an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the USA, has resulted in a change in the technical efficiency of local exchange carriers in the USA. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, a methodology for measuring technical efficiency and its change is introduced. This is a multiple-output/multiple-input distance function approach to measuring technical efficiency. The results of implementing this approach for 19 local exchange carriers for the 1988-2001 period indicate that in the production of local service, intrastate toll/access service, and interstate access to local loops, there was no change in technical efficiency between the 1988-1990 period and the 1991- 2001 period, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to promote.     

西部地区人力资本投资与知识化发展

人力资本投资在推动知识化发展的过程中存在自增强机制，通过促进人力资本保值增值，进行人力资源合理配置，改善配置环境和配置政策、完善配套措施，有助于充分发挥这一机制的功能，从而实现西部地区知识化发展。     

Age Discrimination in Employment in Canada

Issues pertaining to age discrimination in employment in Canada are analyzed with a view toward highlighting lessons that may be learned from the Canadian experience—an experience that is taking on increased policy importance. Reasons for the increased attention to age discrimination issues are outlined, followed by a portrayal of the age discrimination legislation and court interpretations in Canada, especially as they pertain to mandatory retirement. Enforcement aspects are discussed, as is the evidence on age discrimination in employment and the effectiveness of legislation with respect to age discrimination and mandatory retirement. The article concludes with a discussion of the lessons to be learned from the Canadian experience, especially with respect to the poorly understood but complicated relationship between age discrimination and mandatory retirement. Policy recommendations for strengthening age discrimination legislation are also outlined. (JEL J14 , J24 , J71 )     

Inequalities in Income Distribution in Slovenia

This article presents an empirical analysis of income distribution based on income tax data for Slovenia in 1991-2000. It presents evidence of rising inequalities in income distribution (gross income, gross wages and pensions). These results are supported by coefficients of variation, Gini coefficients and by the Lorenz curves. Inequalities increased rapidly in the 1991 to 1993 period. After a significant decrease in 1994 and a steady increase from 1995 to 2000, the peak value from 1993 was not surpassed. Atkinson's requirements for dominance comparisons are not violated. Inequalities are also present in the distribution of the benefits of economic growth among income groups.     

上海生态农业发展影响因素研究

文章分析了上海生态农业发展的影响因素,并利用计量模型进行检验,认为影响上海生态农业发展的主要因素有农业基础设施、农业劳动力资源、农业产业化水平、农业科技实力状况。     

Public participation in forestry in Turkey

Recently public participation in forestry has been seriously considered in Turkey. Participation is however quite a challenge for a country with a long tradition of top-down management and a strong bottom-up dependence on public provisioning. In such a setting, it may not be surprising that the experiences with public participation in forestry in Turkey are mixed. There are some positive initiatives like the creation of farmer's cooperatives and NGOs, but their role is quite limited and small of scale. This paper is bringing together different views based on existing studies in Turkish related to Turkey's experience with implementing public participation in forestry.     

Inter-enterprise arrears in economies in transition

In the context of economies in transition, the paper argues that an excessive liquidity squeeze could throw the economy into a persistent state of low economic activity. In such bad equilibrium, enterprise transactions become largely demonetized, with a chain of arrears, a form of involuntary credit, spreading over the entire system. The empirical analysis of the Romanian experience seems to support the view advanced in the paper.