The Indonesian national family planning program

With a change in the Indonesian government in 1965 there came a change in government policy from pronatalist to limiting the birthrate. In January 1970 the government National Family Planning Cordinating Body was established. During the initial phase of the program family planning efforts have been limited to the islands of Java and Bali where family planning services are integrated into health service clinics. By the beginning of 1975 there were some 2400 clinics on Java and Bali. Family planning acceptors increased from 53,100 in 1969 to 1.5 million in 1974. The 1st phase of the program aimed at consolidating government support, winning local formal and informal leader support, introducing services into public clinic health systems, and building a viable administrative organization. The 2nd phase of the program has quantified the goal of the program, shifted from an emphasis on new acceptors to continuing users, broadened the participation of various government and nongovernmental groups, expanded the program into the private sector, and initiated a research and development program to stimulate local problem identification and resolution. By mid-1975 over 4.7 million women, or 34% of the married women between the ages of 15 and 44, had been recruited into the program. The East Java program has consistently been the most cost effective in terms of recruiting new acceptors. In terms of cost per couple year of protection, the trend has been steadily downward over the 3 years of study in the provinces of Jakarta, West Java, Central Java, Yogyakarta, East Java, and Bali where there are programs. The program needs to develop new approaches for those individuals who are not yet acceptors. Additionally, the program must concentrate on user continuation.     

JTPA,black employment,and occupational change: Separating out cyclical changes from program changes

Evidence from Bridgeport, Connecticut’s Job Training and Partnership Act program is examined to determine if black employment and the occupational distribution of jobs held by blacks has been affected. Historical employment data is used to illustrate the cyclical nature of employment growth. It is concluded that the increases in black employment over the first nine months of the program are only partially the result of program. A second conclusion is that the occupational distribution of jobs in the program does not differ from the distribution of jobs of blacks not in the program. A third conclusion is that the program is underfunded.     

论关于地方台如何办好邑视综艺娱乐节目的一点思考

综艺娱乐节目是目前电视上最常见的一种节目形态。它是通过一定的中介形式和大众参与,在相互交流中形成一种娱乐氛围的节目形态。如今电视娱乐节目就其形态而言,已出现了综艺类、速配类、脱口秀类、益智类、搏彩类、游戏类、真人秀等多种形式。地方台办好综艺节目一定要结合地方文化的实际,从平民化的视角出发,才能获得良好的收视率。     

Integration of an Essential Services Package (ESP) in Child and Reproductive Health and Family Planning with a Micro-credit Program for Poor Women: Experience from a Pilot Project in Rural Bangladesh

In early 1992, a two-phased pilot project, initially integrating a micro-credit program for poor women with a family planning and expanded program of immunization (EPI) (in the first phase) and subsequently and incrementally with an essential services package (ESP) in reproductive and maternal and child health (in the second phase), was initiated in rural Bangladesh. Data on the project show that there has been a significant increase in contraceptive use and a decline in fertility since the initiation of the first phase of the project. There also has been an increase in the dissemination of information on, and utilization of, ESP medical technologies in the intervention community at large.     

Thoughts about clintonomics

The major economic accomplishment of the new administration's first nine months has been its significant role in lowering long-term interest rates. It made a mistake, however, in overestimating the strength of the economy during the first half of 1993 and failed to press hard for a stimulus package. In international economic policy there have been traces of mercantilist thinking, but support for GATT and NAFTA could outweigh these faults. Health care proposals look very promising but need tighter reasoning and better quantitative analysis for assessment of the costs and financing of the program. The health program reveals a tendency towards excessive complication of economic policies. President of the Atlantic Economic Society 1989–90.     

Payment for Environmental Services： The Sloping Land Conversion Program in Ningxia Autonomous Region of China

China＇s Sloping Land Conversion Program has been implemented since 2002. It aims to achieve goals of ecological recovery and poverty alleviation, by retiring steeply sloping land from crop production and freeing surplus agricultural labor for off-farm activities. Given the huge investment that has been poured into it, and its ecological and social impacts, this government-initiated program has attracted significant academic attention and triggered a flood of debate. Since 2004, the debate has concentrated on the sustainability of the program. Although targets have been overachieved in some provinces, concern has still emerged regarding the livelihood of farmers after subsidies stop. The present paper analyzes the implementation of the Sloping Land Conversion Program in Ningxia Autonomous Region, with a focus on the required social capital for sustained participation o f farmers and the development of off-farm economic activities.     

武汉城市圈综合配套改革：新观念与新战略

武汉城市圈在综合配套改革试验方案获批之后，应树立新观念、实施新战略，以大力推动资源节约型和环境友好型社会建设。     

国外航空工业补贴对我国补贴大飞机项目的启示

中国政府已正式启动大飞机自主研发项目．基于大飞机项目的高投资、高风险、高技术特性,国家必须对该项目进行巨额补贴才能使其顺利进行。但是,中国加入WTO时已对补贴措施做出一定承诺,近几年西方发达国家又依据其国内法对我国某些产品采取反补贴措施,中国在大飞机项目中实施补贴将面临诸多困难。本文对欧美补贴其航空工业的具体措施作简单介绍和评析,以借鉴适用于我国航空工业,为我国大飞机项目进行补贴的基本思路提出初步建议。     

Indonesia's Clean Air Program

Unprecedented industrial development during the last two decades, accompanied by a growing population, has increased the amount of environmental damage in Indonesia. A critical environmental problem is the rising level of air pollution in several large cities. This has stimulated the government to develop a national program designed to control the quantity of pollutantsin the air. However, the program's impact on economic performance and incomes has not yet been studied systematically. This paper analyses the expected impact of the clean air program on national economic performance and household incomes for various socio-economic groups.     

DOES SENDING FARMERS BACK TO SCHOOL HAVE AN IMPACT? REVISITING THE ISSUE

The Farmer Field School (FFS) is an intensive training program providing farmers with science‐based knowledge and practices, including integrated pest management. Recently there has been intensive debate as to whether or not this kind of training has any significant impact. Most case studies argue that the impact, in terms of a farmer's ability to reduce the use of pesticides while increasing yields, is significant. However, panel data studies using household panel data sets for Indonesia have not been able to confirm that this is the case. The present paper uses panel data available from previous panel data studies and applies a new model specification to reevaluate whether or not the FFS induces better performances among farmers enrolled in the program and also among their neighbors, who are expected to receive some spillover knowledge from the FFS alumna.     

Influence of Import Substitution Policy on the Industrial Production Level in Russia: Sector-Specific Issues

The article assesses the influence of the import substitution policy on the industrial production level in the chemical and engineering industries. A program for the development of import substitution in these sectors until 2022 has been proposed based on scenario forecasting.     

沪渝两地房产税试点方案比较及对今后房产税改革的启示

在新"国八条"出台后,不到24个小时,上海和重庆版房产税改革试点方案实施细则相继公布。本文就从沪渝两地房产税试点方案的比较入手,探讨了房产税试点方案出台的意义,以及对今后房产税全面铺开的启示。     

口碑与收视的双赢吗——对《中国好歌曲》的冷思考

2014年一开年,中国电视综艺节目硝烟四起.《中国好歌曲》《我是歌手》直面竞争.一直在娱乐方面广受诟病的央视,终于在2014年,凭借《中国好歌曲》的强势串红,扬眉吐气了一番.然而,作为国内第一档聚焦歌曲、聚焦创造者而非歌唱者的音乐真人秀节目,《中国好歌曲》它好在哪里？从传播学的角度分析它,对我国综艺娱乐节目、对音乐真人秀的节目发展,有一定的现实意义.     

Transmigration: achievements,problems, prospects

The achievements of Indonesia's transmigration program are discussed in terms of numbers, transmigrant welfare, and regional development. Some of the problems that have been encountered and the measures that have been adopted and proposed to deal with them are then considered. Finally, prospects for the future are assessed, with special reference to the constraints imposed by shortages of land and money, and the options available to cope with these problems are examined.     

Fertility decline in Indonesia: a review of recent evidence

The author presents an annotated list of major data sources on Indonesian fertility. The general consensus that there has been a decline in Indonesian fertility is noted, and the various estimates concerning fertility levels prior to that decline are discussed. The relationship between fertility and the family planning program is examined     

The canadian fiscal problem: The macroeconomic connection

Canada's public sector debt has increased from 5 percent of GDP in 1974 to 64 percent in 1994 on national accounts. The paper provides a summary assessment of the relative contributions of changes in taxation, program spending, interest rates, and economic growth and fluctuations to this explosion of public debt. By far the most important source of debt accumulation has been the anti-inflationary recessions of 1982 and 1990. Higher world interest rates and slower trend productivity growth have been significant, but secondary contributing factors. Lax spending has definitely not been a net source of debt over the period.     

Children’s Work in Nigeria: Exploring the Implications of Gender, Urban–Rural Residence, and Household Socioeconomic Status

Child labor in developing countries continues to be a topic of policy and academic concern, particularly in Africa where there are more working children than in any other region. Scholarly attention has been drawn in part to gender, place of residence, and socioeconomic status as factors that shape the type of work that children perform and whether it impacts educational attainment. I explore these issues in the context of Nigeria through analysis of data from the 2004 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey EdData Survey. A series of logistic regression models of child labor confirm the existence of gender and, especially, socioeconomic disparities in children??s work. The data also indicate that girls and rural children face a double risk of working if they belong to poor households. A policy implication is that poverty alleviation programs??such as Mexico??s Oportunidades program (the erstwhile PROGRESA)??may help to reduce those forms of child labor that interfere with schooling. That this program has been found to more beneficial for girls suggests it may be particularly appropriate for Nigeria where gender disparities persist.     

On the modernization of engineering systems in the farming industries of Russia,Belarus, and Kazakhstan

This paper provides an analysis of the state of the engineering systems of farming industry in Russia, Belarus, and Kazakhstan. Based on this analysis and the results of the survey findings, measures to use resource-saving and innovative potential in the engineering supply and support of the rural economy are suggested and the feasibility of the program of modernizing engineering systems has been demonstrated.     

金融危机背景下南通中小企业融资现状分析与融资环境评价

南通市中小企业受金融危机的影响较大,有效信贷需求不旺。大多中小企业融资困难,但融资难的原因各不相同,不同行业的融资难度也有所差别;外源性融资主渠道是银行贷款,但贷款的难度依然较大。政府部门及时出台相关政策措施,金融机构积极加大融资力度,但中小企业的整体融资环境仍欠佳。中小企业融资难问题的解决,关键在于优越的政策环境的培育以及实在的支持方案的落实。     

《天下父母》：一个电视节目的孝道

电视里的亲情故事 9月18日,星期日,济南市玉函小区的赵丽秀大妈比平时起得早了一些,吃完早饭收拾利索之后,刚过8点就坐在了电视机前,惟恐错过了节目时间。从这天起,原来于晚间首播的山东卫视《天下父母》栏目提到了早上8：33。定时看《天下父母》,赵大妈已经坚持了6年多的时间。