The Sustainability of Indonesia's Upland Conservation Projects

The Upland Agricultural and Conservation Project in Central and East Java is representative of Indonesia's upland conservation efforts. An important component of the project was the use of subsidies to promote activities which increased farmer incomes and soil conservation. Two types of subsidies were used: an operating subsidy for annual inputs such as seed, fertiliser and pesticides; and a capital subsidy for terracing and related construction. This study measures the extent to which the effects of the subsidies were sustained over varying periods following termination of the project. The results show that the effects of the operating subsidies are clearly not sustainable; the effects of the capital subsidies may persist longer, but they too are probably not sustainable.     

The Measurement of Technical Efficiency Using Frontier Production Functions of Rice Farms in West Java 1

Information from the Patanas survey of 1983/84 was used to estimate frontier production functions for rice farmers from four villages in West Java. The results indicate that rice farmers in these regions were technically efficient in their rice production.     

Farm Household Responses to Government Policies: Evidence from West Java

Few micro level analyses have been undertaken in Indonesia of rural households' responses to government policies, and of household characteristics and endowments. Most studies of rural household behaviour in Indonesia have analysed the consumption, production and labour supply aspects separately, ignoring the complex interrelations among farm production, farm profit, household consumption and family labour supply. In this study, the complex nature of rural household production and consumption decisions is analysed by applying a farm household model to cross-sectional data from 241 households in six villages of West Java. The model incorporates multiple crops, different wage levels for males and females, and non-agricultural employment.     

The Beginnings of the New Supra Insus Rice Intensification Program: The Case of the North Coast of West Java and South Sulawesi 1

In 1987 the Indonesian government introduced a new rice intensification program, Supra Insus, because production was not keeping pace with demand growth. This paper examines the operation and effectiveness of Supra Insus in West Java and South Sulawesi, and identifies some constraints to the program's success. These include inadequate resources and heavy administrative workloads which hamper the efforts of agricultural extension personnel; consequent slow development of necessary skills among farmers; delays in implementing organisational improvements to the program; complex procedures for formulation and ratification of credit proposals; institutional and other barriers to the adoption of some technologies; and conflicts between program administrators and regional governments on credit policy. The practice in South Sulawesi of harnessing traditional forums to the purposes of the program may offer a model for other areas. Further research is needed to evaluate the program's economic performance.     

Agro-clusters and Rural Poverty: A Spatial Perspective for West Java

Neighbouring economies are likely to influence one another. The concentration of farming activities referred to as an ‘agro-cluster’ generates opportunities for income and employment in a given region and its surrounding area. We analyse the link between poverty rates and agro-clusters by accounting for spatial spillovers. To quantify agroclusters, we employ one input-oriented and one output-oriented measure. Our analysis applies six spatial econometric specifications and focuses on 545 subdistricts of West Java, where about 10% of the population live in poverty. We find that the concentration of agricultural employment substantially reduces poverty in a subdistrict as well as in neighbouring subdistricts. We also find that specialisation in crop outputs has positive impacts on poverty reduction and that localisation externalities are fundamental to agriculture's success. These findings imply that policy interventions may be applied in a spatially selective manner because they will generate spatial-spillover effects on poverty reduction in surrounding areas.     

Rural Economic Change and Labour Mobility: A Case Study From West Java

The paper uses data from six West Java villages which were surveyed in 1976 and again in 1983 to examine the impact of temporary migration, mainly to urban areas, on the rural economy. It finds that despite substantial increases in rice production in the region in the years under discussion, a large proportion of the extra employment opportunities were in non-agricultural occupations in urban areas. Households from all socio-economic strata appear to have benefited from these employment opportunities However much of the employment was seasonal in nature and most migrants returned to the village to take up agricultural employment at peak periods.     

西部大开发的项目融资问题探讨

本从西部大开发战略目标与融资关系的角度,深入分析了西部地区开发融资的多样性和层次性。在此基础上作提出,西部大开发的初始阶段,基础性项目和一部分公益性项目将是融资的重点,也是融资的难点。现代项目融资是解决这一问题的有效方式。作对BOT、TOT等典型项目融资模式的内部结构、运作机制和保障条件作了系统分析。     

The impact of the Saldanha Steel Project on the West Coast economy

This article reports the results of a study which evaluated whether the erection of the steel plant at Saldanha/Vredenburg supports the main objectives of the SDI programme and has resulted in sustainable growth for the region. It investigates the reasons for locating the steel plant here and factors which may affect the long‐term economic success of the plant. It also records the experiences of business people in the region on the impact of the investment on the area's economy to date and their perceptions of its likely impact in the future. From a national perspective, it asks whether the growth in foreign exchange earnings and the extension of a waning industry's lifespan is enough to justify public sector investment in the infrastructure at Saldanha Bay. On a local level, it probes and reports on the extent to which the erection of the steel mill spurred further growth via an enlarged set of activities, higher average productivity, higher savings, and improved actual and expected prospects for earning income.     

西部地区基础设施项目证券化融资探讨

资金短缺是西部地区基础设施建设的瓶颈之一。作为金融创新手段之一的资产证券化无疑在这方面具有优势 ,本文在分析西部基础设施项目证券化融资的适应性和可行性的基础上 ,对基础设施项目证券化进行了一定的程序设计 ,并提出解决各种制度和市场约束的措施建议     

新西部再塑都市6+1

近年来,国内长三角、珠三角、京津冀等跨省域城市群持续发展,辽中南城市群,中原城市群、武汉城市群、长株潭城市群等省域内城市群风起云涌,都在争当中国经济新的增长极,济南显然不甘寂寞.     

Infrastructure and Industrial Development: The Case of Central Java

Industrial development does not take place in all regions at the same speed. This paper seeks explanations for regional differences in the development of manufacturing industry in Central Java. Special attention is paid to the impact of infrastructure (roads, telecommunications, electricity) on industrial development. The spatial distribution of manufacturing industry is analysed by means of both secondary data at the kabupaten level and primary data on 274 firms in various parts of Central Java. In addition to demand side factors, infrastructure does indeed play an important role, but local government bureaucratic procedures for obtaining land and permits are also important.     

The growth of urban centres in Java since 1961

The rate of urban population growth from 1961 to 1980 in the larger cities of Java, Indonesia, is examined using data from the 1980 census. The author notes that these data disregard boundary changes, and he attempts to take these changes into account by presenting revised rates of growth for various major urban centers in Java. The differences among the growth trends of the national capital, the three provincial capitals, and the remaining urban centers are discussed.