Study on the planning principles of urban forest

The urban forest is the main body for the urban forestry management. There are not unified rules and standards for the planning of the urban forest yet in China. This paper discusses the planning principles of the urban forest： the priority of the ecological function, the adaptation to local condilions, the optimization in the whole system, the mutual dependence of forest and city, the culturecontinuance and recreation satisfaction, sustainable development and operability, etc. This paper takes Changsha as an example to elaborate the planning principles of the urban forest. Firstly, Changsba urban forest ecosphere is composed of the eco-garden, the round-the-city forest belt, the ecological isolation belt, the green channel, the landscape of the rivers and streams, the forest park, the biodiversity reserve and the eco-forest in suburb area. It aims to make every kind of ecological essential factors organically merge into the complex city ecosystem to build an eco-city, to strengthen the connection of wide-open space with various habitats spots, to promote resident＇s accessibility, to perfect landscape ecology, and to make full use of the ecological function of urban forest. When we construct the urban forest, we must optimize the comprehensive benefit and make the urban forest structure and the layout in the best condition in order to buiM the harmonious green city for both man and nature to realize the whole optimization of the city system by the complex functions of the urban forest in ecology, environmental protection, landscape, recreation, etc.     

Environment investment： transition from end-investment to multi-investment

Environmental investment must change its direction from end-investment to multi-investment, such as ecological construction, recycling economy and environmental protection. Only it can meet the needs of breaking the bottleneck of resources and environment for Chinese sustainable development. And the transition can hero us realize low-ost and highspeedy increasing of economy, as well as the construction of ecological health, beautiful environment economic development and harmonious new society. Material recycling in ecosystem can run well by self-organization and self-regulation by nature with low-cost and even non-cost. So, the environmental investment in ecological construction should be the profits maximum investment. But it needs country＇s support in financial policy on ecological or environmental compensation. Recycling economy is a brand-new pattern of economic growth, which formed gradually in the course of mankind exploring and practicing sustainable development. Fountainhead prevention, reducing and whole processing control are its significant characteristics, which are digerent from any former economic and environmental protection system. Investing in technology development and relevant industry of recycling economy should be the other major field of environment investment in China in the future.     

Key issues in the strategic environmental assessment of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River

The middle reaches of the Yangtze River were the key areas of central China emphasized in many strategic plans.It was also an important ecological and fragile area,because there are many wetlands,lakes,rivers and soil erosion area.And it linked the ecological fragile upper reaches of the Yangtze River with the most developed Yangtze River Delta in China.It is urgent to figure out the key industries,key areas and key ecological and environmental problems for the strategic environmental assessment of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.The important regions consisted of the economic key region,the planning key region,the ecological key region,and the fragile ecological region.The key industries consisted of the ones contributed to economic growth,or affecting the environment,or preferred by the local government.Besides,the ecological and environmental problems involved the water environment,the atmosphere environment,and the ecological environment.The key regions were identified through word frequency statistics of many plans by ROST Word Parser.And it was spatially overlaid by ArcGIS9.2.The key industries were calculated based on the economic statistics data,the environmental pollution census and the word frequency statistics.Based on SCI-EXPANDED,CPCI-S,CCR-EXPANDED,IC database and Chinese CNKI periodical database,the ecological and environmental problems of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River were analyzed by Citespace software according to the keywords and abstract of every paper.The results show that the important regions of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River concentrated in the central urban region,along the river and lake,surrounding mountains,and the wetland.The equipment manufacturing,chemical industry,mining industry,energy supply industry,food industry,textile and garment industry were the key industries need to be focused on.The urgent ecological and environmental problems in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River were the water environment pollution,water ecosystem,heavy metal pollution,s     

Coordination of economic development and ecological environment in resource exhausted cities

This paper establishes the evaluation index system of ecological environment and economic development in resource exhausted cities, and calculates the level of economic development and ecological environment during the year 2005-2012 by using the entropy method. Furthermore, this study analyzes the coordination degree and coordinated development degree by using the coordination model. The results show that the coordination relationship of economic development and ecological environment continues to improve from 2005 to 2012 in most of these resource exhausted cities. By 2012, other resource depletion cities are in all kinds of hierarchical coordination except Yichun and Hegang. From the standpoint of coordination development degree, although most of these resource exhausted cities have been increased continuously but the level is also lower except in Tongling and Xinyu. Finally, this paper puts forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions according to the results of the analysis.     

生态、经济、社会协调发展探讨

The construction of ecological environment is one of the five significant projects of China's Western Development, and arranges in the first place. In the past few years, the constructions of ecological environment made much great progress, but exposed many urgent problems to be solved. Examining the gain and loss closely, the greatest experience is that to realize the harmonious and sustainable development, the ecoIogicai project must combine with the getting rich of the locals, and with the local well-off construction.     

Development of suburb farm landscape in the process of urban-rural overall planning from the perspective of ecological economics： a case study of Chengdu City

With the accelerating development of Chinese urbanization and the widening gap between rural and urban areas, urban-rural overall planning is to be an inevitable choice for economic and social development. However, the specific patterns and methods in urban-rural overall planning are greatly different. From the persperctive of ecological economy, taking the main physical and biological pattern of the farmland as research objects, this paper analyzes the components and characteristics of farm landscape, the relationship between farm landscape exploitation and rural tourism, and the role of farm landscape exploitation in planning urban and rural development. It expatiates on the pattern, method and principle of farm landscape development. Furthermore, based on the actual development case, this paper explores how to make high-grade tourism products with scientific and reasonable farm landscape development method, how to increase peasant income, how to improve urban and rural ecological economic environment, so as to promote urban-rural overall planning.     

Circular economy indicators to evaluate regional development： A case study of Tianjin municipality

With the aim of the harmonious development of economy-environment system in Tianjin Municipality, an index system used to evaluate the circular economy （CE） is presented in this paper. The index system consists of the index of economy development, green development, human and culture development. According to the evaluation results, this paper brings forward the countermeasures including industry structure adjustment, improving city infrastructure system, increasing the level of habitation environment, establishing the system of green social consumption to improve the development of circular economy in Tianjin.     

Lagging behind and Catching up in Process of Urbanization of Megacities ——Taking Nanjing City as an Example

The mumber of China＇s cities is increasing and the scale of cities is expanding. Urbanization of big cities is much more surprising and some have entered later stage of urbanization. In 2012 urbanization rate of Nanjing city reached 80.23%, but in its urbanization, there exist unbalance betweem industrializtion and urbanization, land＇s urbanization and urbanization of population, ecological environment and urbanization, infrastructure and urbanization and so on. Nanjing city must eliminate its negative influence and take urbanization as a driving force for economic development.     

The Change of Ecological Footprint and Its Effect on Sustainable Development in Beijing of China

Speeding up the environmental protection and construction is one of the major issues in ＂Greener Olympic Games＂ held in Beijing in 2008. Making a thorough study to find out the reliable measures to ecological resumption in Beijing has an important scientific and practical significance. It can provide scientific basis for making a better decision for ＂Greener Olympic Games＂ held in capital Beijing and development in harmony for society and economy, as well as management for ecological environment. By studying of change of ecological footprint from 1990 to 2003 in Beijing, the paper shows that ecological footprint per capita has a strong relativity with population and GDP, and both of the correlation coefficient between them is about 0.92, as well as the fossil energy land has a position in the lead in ecological footprint items. The study also shows that the ecological capacity per capita in Beijing occupied about 1.25% in global ecological capacity per capita. Began 1990, the ecological deficit in Beijing was about 0.72 hm2, which is at strong unsustainable development at present. Finally, the paper suggests social and economic structure should be adjusted as soon as possible, resources should be strengthen sustainable used and population increasing should be controlled strictly, as well as arable land also should be under control used for built-up areas. Simultaneity, the utilizing ratio of energy sources should be increased, and the consumption of energy sources and ecological deficit in Beijing should be reduced in order to speed up the society and economy development in harmony and sustainment.     

Approach to Harmonious Development of Ecology, Economy and Society

The construction Of ecological environment is one of the five significant projects of China‘s Western Development, and arranges in the first place. In the past few years, the constructions of ecological environment made much great progress, but exposed many urgent problems to be solved, Examining the gain and loss closely,     

趣水·营城——南宁建设公园城市图径探析

寻找南宁建设公园城市的基本思路，以人居环境三元论的理论框架为指导，发挥南宁“小水”资源丰富、沟渠通达的城市生态资源优势；以城市环境生态和风景旅游为引导，开展以山水城市为导向的城乡规划。提出了南宁公园城市的建设方略：保留水网水系，代替“填浜筑路”，留出南宁生态廊道和更多的城市公共休闲、文化和商业空间，形成绿地和公共活动空间的“网络化”。同时，探讨了南宁建设公园城市作为巨大的公共资本投入应如何构建和依托公共政策，探索出一套能让规划项目具有落地性、可操作性和可推广性的行动计划图径，构建一个多部门统筹管理、社会力量协调参与的开放平台，将公园城市建设的工作内容予以落实。     

长沙市洋湖垸湿地公园的功能定位与建设经验

湿地公园是生态城市的绿肺和市民亲近自然的桥梁。长沙市洋湖垸湿地公园的生态与社会功能的定位在于提升城市生态品质、满足人们精神需求、开发湿地生态资源和推动区域经济发展,其建设经验体现在规划先行、科学保护与精心管理等方面。     

郊野公园应成为大花园建设的重要载体 ——以杭州郊野公园建设为例

浙江大花园建设已成为全省城乡环境建设的重要抓 手，有力推进浙江生态文明建设迈上新台阶。杭州应该乘浙江 大花园建设的东风，借鉴香港郊野公园的规划、管理模式，大 力推进郊野公园建设。杭州郊野公园除了绿色本底外,还应该 吸收、巩固浙江大花园建设成果，使杭州郊野公园建设成为建 设“组团式、网络化、生态型”大都市，严格管控城市开发边 界，满足市民对美好生活的需求，建设公园城市和推进乡村振 兴的最佳形式与途径。提出在大花园建设的基础上，建立杭州 特色郊野公园的路径和对策。     

西安浐灞生态区生态治理回顾与思路——聚焦2011西安世界园艺博览会

为了迎接2011西安世界园艺博览会,西安浐灞生态区确立了都市型生态区、生态化商务城的发展方向,加快推进河流治理、生态湿地及绿地系统建设、基础设施建设和污染综合治理。在河流治理带动区域发展,新区开发支撑生态建设的建设思路引导下,加大节能减排力度,加快生态基础设施建设,完善生态建设规章制度及执法体系,完善生态管理机制。努力实现经济高增长、资源低消耗、环境污染负增长。     

池州市建设生态经济城市的路径选择

"生态经济城市"是未来城市发展的理想模式.建设生态经济城市,就是要充分发挥城市区域内的生态环境与资源优势,实现区域内生态与经济、社会与人口、资源与环境的协调发展和良性循环.池州市良好的生态环境、丰富的生态资源和人文资源以及相对合理的工业布局使其建设生态经济城市成为可能.正确处理生态建设与经济建设的关系,大力发展生态农业、努力构建生态工业体系、合理开发生态旅游资源,是池州市建设生态经济城市的最佳路径.     

都市型现代农业的发展模式研究

都市型现代农业是我国现代农业的重要表现形式,其发展模式主要有设施农业、观光休闲农业、农业科技园区、循环农业、生态农业和籽种农业等。北京都市型现代农业经过十几年的建设与发展取得了显著成效,为今后的发展奠定了坚实基础,但仍面临城乡居民收入差距拉大、市场经济发育欠成熟、土地流转机制未建立、农业生态环境污染严重等制约因素。根据区域比较优势原则,建议将北京地区划分成观光休闲农业圈、科技示范农业圈、特色种养农业圈及合作辐射农业圈。在不同的圈层区域,都市型现代农业应按照不同的模式发展。     

基于山地特征的城市山地公园游憩服务 能力评价与优化——以承德市为例

随着城市化进程的加快，山地城市面临建设用地紧张的状况日趋严峻。作为山地城市绿色开放空间建设的主要内容，山地公园对于满足山地城市居民的游憩休闲需求具有重要作用。开展山地公园游憩服务评价有助于科学指导山地公园的优化，提升山地城市绿色开放空间的游憩服务质量，提高市民的游憩体验感。以承德市为例，对中心城区山地公园的游憩服务能力进行评价研究。基于承德中心城区山地资源和环境特征，着重从市民对中心城区山地游憩环境的需求、感知出发，应用德尔菲法与层次分析法，选取了游憩环境、游憩设施、游憩感知、游憩承载、游憩区位5个方面的13个评价指标，基于GIS平台对这些指标进行可视化展示和定量化分析，并将评价结果加权叠加，得到承德中心城区21个山地公园的游憩服务能力等级。针对评价结果，提出了城市山地公园游憩开发建设指引，希望能够进一步提升山地公园的游憩服务能力，满足市民对山地空间的不同游憩需求，进一步推动城市山地公园的生态游憩建设与城市绿色空间的平衡发展。     

生态工业网络的构建——基于广安经济技术开发区的实证分析

生态工业园是促进循环经济发展,实现资源、能源节约集约利用的重要载体,生态工业网络的构建则是其中最为重要的环节之一。在分析国内外生态工业网络发展现状并实地调研广安市经济开发区的基础之上,从核心企业的选择、生态产业链的构建及生态工业网络的构建三方面,探讨广安生态产业园发展的生态工业网络构建方案,为构建生态产业园提供理论支持。     

论近城风景名胜区保护的意义和价值--以南京市钟山风景名胜区为例

近城风景名胜区与所依托的城市关系密切,其保护对于提高城市经济、社会和环境效益具有重要作用。文章以南京市钟山风景名胜区为例,分析了近城风景名胜区的区位及其功能变化,认为钟山风景名胜区逐渐由城郊、城缘走进了城内,其功能除了原来单纯的风景区文物保护、环境保护和发展旅游等内容外,尚具有“南京市区维护生态平衡基地、国际旅游圣地、全市主要文化娱乐园地、古都风貌维护核心”的独特功能。因此,钟山风景名胜区保护的意义和价值即是南京历史的见证、古城的象征、创建最佳人居环境的基础和发展旅游经济的重要基地。