台湾农业现状与发展

战后,台湾由于经济的高速增长,而跻身亚洲四小龙之列,引人瞩目。经济的发展与作为基础产业的农业的发展是休戚相关的,台湾农业的增长是经济腾飞的基础。四十多年来,台湾农业经济发展相当快,现代化程度也比较高,研究其发展历程,对建设具有中国特色的现代化农业有着借鉴作用。     

台湾农业发展的经验：循序策略与整合做法

台湾农业发展的经验：循序策略与整合做法谢森中一、台湾经济发展的经验过去四十年（１９５０－１９９０）间,台湾经济的快速成长,归功于技术进步、资本累积、生产力提高、物价稳定、善用劳力、市场扩展以及改进所得的分配。经济结构与生产形态已由农业转为工业导向。...     

台湾农业经济发展的成功经验与面临的困境

台湾农业经济发展的成功经验与面临的困境许经勇台湾经济的发展是从农业的发展开始的。即经历了农业培养工业的阶段，进而由传统的农业经济迈入现代化的工商经济。台湾的农业经济之所以能够有效地带动整个地区经济的发展，在很大程度上是由于台湾当局的政策能够适应台湾经...     

台湾的农业发展与劳动力吸收

自从大陆农民移居台湾以后,台湾的农业就呈现出中国传统的小规模的耕作特征。这种只求糊口的农业根源于中国传统的伦理和价值观念。小型家庭农场作为剩余劳动力的吸纳者和生存产品的提供者,一直在经济发展中扮演着重要的角色,并对社会的繁荣作出了巨大的贡     

台湾省农业的发展

台湾省农业的发展福建省南平市科技情报研究所杨素惠台湾山多地少，高温高湿。土地总面积约３６７万公顷，其中山地面积２６３万公顷，占总面积的７１％，平地面积１０４万公顷，占２９％。年降雨量１５９４－２３４０毫米，相对湿度在近１０年中为７４．７８％－７８．８...     

台湾的都市农业

台湾的都市农业范子文１９９７年４月１７日，应台湾农业经营管理学会的邀请，笔者随北京市城郊经济研究会代表团，赴台湾参加海峡两岸“城市化与都市农业”研讨会，并实地考察了台湾都市农业建设情况。我们先后来到台北、桃园、新竹、苗栗、台中、南投、嘉义等市县，共参...     

小农经营结构与台湾的农业发展

传统意义上的小农经营,是指以家庭为单位,以自有土地为基础,完全或主要靠劳动者自身的一种小规模自有自营的农业经营模式。台湾的农业制度典型地呈现了小农经营的特征,但又不完全等同于传统的小农经营,而是包含了现代农业经营方式的重要内容,并且在这一结构框架下推...     

关于发展知识型农业经济的思考

一、知识型农业经济的含义与特征什么是知识型农业经济？具体来说,就是以知识为基础,技术密集、面向市场的农业经济形态。也就是说,在生产的诸要素中,知识居于主导地位。技术、信息等知识要素与其它要素有机结合,成为改革和完善生产工具,优化和扩展生产系统功能,提...     

漳州与台湾的农业合作

漳州市位于福建省南端,与台湾隔海相望,夹于厦门、汕头两特区之间,是我国最早实行对外开放的沿海地区之一。漳州属南亚热带海洋性季风气候,农业资源十分丰富,具有发展优高农业和外向型农业的有利条件。改革开放以来,漳州实施以对台合作为重点的开放与开发相结合的农业发展战略,使农业的路子越走越宽,后劲越来越足。从1978年至1994年的16年间,农业总产值(按可比价)年均递增8.35％,农民人均纯入年均增加100元。1994年农产品出口供货额达18亿元,占农业产值的20.52％。实践证明,漳州与台湾农业具有很强的互补性、互助性和互利性。如何进一步开拓合作的领域和途径,成为推动两岸农业共同发展的一个带根本性的战略问题。     

农七师125团发展非公有制经济的启示

在新疆生产建设兵团这个党、政、军、企联合体的特殊体制下，怎样使我们基层的团场职工增收，真正使职工进入小康，实现多元化收入，笔者认为一个重要途径就是加快发展团场非公有制经济，即加快发展团场庭院自营经济、民营个体经济，因为自营和个体经济等形式的非公有制经济是社会主义市场经济的重要组成部分，     

Agricultural Growth and Inter‐Sectoral Linkages in a Developing Economy

Does growth in the manufacturing sector of an economy spillover to agriculture, or do sectors share similar growth rates only when they share some common exogenous stimuli? The limited number of investigations of this issue, for cross‐sections of countries, have found some evidence in favour of spillovers, though the methodologies used cannot readily separate correlation from causation. Adapting the Feder (1982) model of sectoral externalities to a time‐series context, we examine how far agricultural output in Malaysia has been affected by inter‐sectoral spillovers. Our results suggest that expansion of manufacturing output, though associated with reduced agricultural output in the short‐run, is associated with agricultural expansion over the long‐run. Service output growth on the other hand seems to have been inimical to agricultural growth in both the short‐ and long‐runs, while causality testing supports the case for spillovers rather than “common causes”. Evidence on sectoral productivity is consistent with neoclassical arguments suggesting that the benefits of higher productivity in manufacturing tend to spill over to agriculture, encouraging productivity convergence.     

The Political Economy of Agricultural Statistics and Input Subsidies: Evidence from India,Nigeria and Malawi

The political economy of agricultural policies – why certain interventions may be preferred by political leaders rather than others – is well recognized. This paper explores a perspective that has previously been neglected: the political economy of the agricultural statistics. In developing economies, the data on agricultural production are weak. Because these data are assembled using competing methods and assumptions, the final series are subject to political pressure, particularly when the government is subsidizing agricultural inputs. This paper draws on debates on the evidence of a Green Revolution in India and the arguments on the effect of withdrawing fertilizer subsidies during structural adjustment in Nigeria, and finally the paper presents new data on the effect of crop data subsidies in Malawi. The recent agricultural census (2006/7) indicates a maize output of 2.1 million metric tonnes, compared to the previously widely circulated figures of 3.4 million metric tonnes. The paper suggests that ‘data’ are themselves a product of agricultural policies.     

论中国农村经济的阶段与增长特征

本文在对经济增长阶段性进行理论分析的基础上,对中国农村经济增长的阶段性特征以及总体发展趋势,进行了实证分析,指出在整体上中国农村经济目前已处于投资推动的发展阶段。但在贫穷落后地区,农村经济还处于资源推动的发展阶段,区域发展的不平衡必然要求经济发展采用多元化的经济增长方式。     

从转方式调结构谈宁夏地勘经济可持续发展

转变地勘经济发展方式是促进地质找矿突破,深化内部改革,优化产业结构,实现地勘经济可持续发展的根本途径。宁夏地勘经济在经历了曲折的发展历程后步入了历史最好发展时期,经济总量快速增长,地勘经济实力明显增强,职工收入大幅增加,地勘队伍和谐稳定。但由于历史等多种原因,地勘经济还比较脆弱,产业结构还不尽合理,特别是缺乏支撑可持续发展的有形产业及人才短缺等。应抓住国家加快转方式、调结构进程的历史机遇,加快推进地勘经济发展方式转变,通过发展勘查主导型、产业支撑型、内生动力型、科技密集型、管理集约型、内陆开放型地勘经济,做强地勘主业,培育有形产业,激发内部活力,实现地勘经济的可持续发展。     

Continuity and Change: Some Observations on the Landscape of Agricultural Labourers in North Bihar, India

This paper is an attempt to catalogue and analyse the changes over two decades in the world of agricultural labourers in a backward region in India. It is primarily based on a series of field visits to two villages in Purnia district, located in the north-eastern part of Bihar. Changes in the living conditions of labourers are obviously connected to developments in the rural economy of the region and there are important linkages with developments elsewhere, including changes in the overall macro-economic policy regime. An attempt is made to trace these. Agricultural wage workers in the surveyed region are extremely poor by any reckoning, although a few of them have made some progress through state-sponsored programmes and migration. These developments have also contributed significantly to altering the relations of dominance and subordination, thus creating greater elbow-room for labourers. However, it is important not to overstate these small gains and there are serious doubts as to whether they can be sustained. It appears that some of the material correlates of labourers' well-being in the surveyed region are being affected adversely by the currently ascendant neoliberal policy regime. There are no signs of the emergence of mechanisms that might imply sustained significant improvements in the very fragile life and work conditions of these labourers.     

金融危机对广东农业经济的影响及对策

本文分析了目前全球金融危机对于广东省经济发展造成的影响,探讨了金融危机对广东农业经济发展可能带来的潜在危害,认为,金融危机的演化将会显著降低农民的经济收入、影响土地流转政策的有效实施、威胁广东农村及整个社会的政治稳定及和谐发展。因此,政府有关部门应实施财税支持政策,扶持中小企业发展;同时应加强中小企业生产的监管,防止恶意性破产;并积极鼓励返乡农民工自主创业;加大对返乡农民工的技能培训,从而有效化解金融危机的危害。     

Weather Risk, Wages in Kind, and the Off-Farm Labor Supply of Agricultural Households in a Developing Country

This article investigates the effects of weather risk on the off-farm labor supply of agricultural households in a developing country, distinguishing different types of off-farm labor markets. A multivariate two-limit tobit model is applied to data from India. The regression results show that the share of the off-farm labor supply increases with weather risk, the increase is much larger in the case of nonagricultural work than in the case of agricultural wage work, and the increase is much larger in the case of agricultural wages paid in kind than in the cash wage case, suggesting farmers' considerations of food security.     

海峡两岸农业合作的前景与对策—“加入WTO后的两岸农业：投资与贸易学术研讨会”综述

加入ＷＴＯ后海峡两岸农业发展面临着什么机遇与挑战 ?提升两岸农产品国际竞争力有什么途径 ?两岸农业发展的互补性与合作前景如何 ?促进两岸农业的进一步合作应采取什么措施和策略 ?这些都是近年来两岸学者十分关心的问题。 2 0 0 2年 10月 2 4～ 2 6日在杭州召开的“加入ＷＴＯ后的两岸农业 :投资与贸易学术研讨会”围绕上述问题进行了广泛而深入的讨论。这次会议由杭州市人民政府、浙江大学、国务院发展研究中心农村部联合主办 ,浙江大学农业现代化与农村发展研究中心 (卡特 )、杭州市农业与农村工作办公室、《中国农村经济》杂志社等单…     

海南农业经济增长因素及地区差异的实证分析

本文根据中性技术进步和偏技术进步C—D生产函数,建立C-D生产函数固定影响模型和随机影响模型．对2000-2007年海南各市县农业经济增长进行实证研究。研究发现：资本对海南省农业经济增长贡献率最大。其次是土地,再次为劳动力投入和科技进步;从东部、中部和西部来看,在东部,资本对农业经济增长贡献率最大,土地其次,劳动力最小;在中部和西部,资本对农业经济增长贡献率最大：劳动力其次,土地最小。