高房价是由高地价造成的吗

目前有一种盛行的说法,即高房价是由高地价造成的,高地价导致了高房价,老百姓只好望房兴叹,居住环境得不到改善,从而造成资金积压与土地资源浪费.本文从房价的构成、地价所占比重、房价上升的原因及加强地价管理等几方面着手来探讨这些问题.     

浅谈土地供给与高房价的关系

近年来,居高不下的房价已经影响到国民经济的可持续发展,2010年以来的房价调控政策虽抑制了房价的过快增长,却仍未使房价回归理性。本文试从中国土地供给的现状出发,探讨土地供给与高房价的因果关系,希望对继续的房价调控做些微贡献。     

我国房地产市场高价的价格领导模型分析

本文首先分析得出我国房价居高不下的原因,既不是由于产品成本,也不是由于供求关系,而是因房地产市场存在的垄断而导致。其次利用价格领导模型推导出高房价的产生过程,从而提出了加强集资建房的措施来有效降低我国目前的房价。     

江苏省房地产价格影响因素地区性差异分析

提出“社会经济层面的房价主导因素存在空间异质性”的观点，在江苏省96个县级行政区划的范围内，对影响房价的社会经济因素进行探索。将知识图谱和Page Rank算法相结合，梳理影响房价的社会经济因素；用K-means聚类方法按房地产市场特征对江苏省县级以上行政区划进行划分;用Light GBM回归定量研究各因素对不同类地区房价的影响程度，得出影响各类地区房价的主导因素。人均可支配收入和土地供给对省内所有地区房价均有着重要的影响；环境因素、地价及房地产开发投资对高房价、高房价增长率的房价发展型地区影响较大；人均GDP和外商投资对中等房价、低房价增长率的房价稳定型地区影响较大；人口、环境和教育资源对低房价、高房价增长率的房价潜力型地区影响较大。     

中国政府针对高房价现象的公共政策研究

房地产业是关乎国计民生的重要产业,但是近年来,中国的房价持续上升,高房价给居民的生活带来了沉重的负担,同时也影响了我国的经济发展水平与城市化进程。因此,政府采取一定的政策措施抑制高房价现象成为一个重要的课题。本文从公共政策的角度入手,研究中国的高房价现象。文章介绍了公共政策及房地产价格的概念,分析了房价飙升的现状及原因,提出了政府抑制房地产价格不断上涨的政策措施。     

物业税的开征对房地产市场的调控作用

从长期看,房价会随着经济的增长而增长。但我国房价近年来每年以30%～50%的速度增长肯定是有问题的。高房价成了目前中国社会各种矛盾的焦点之一。政府可以通过法律与制度来调整目前国内房地产市场严重的利益不均衡。而税收政策就是其中不可或缺的工具。文中从物业税设置的必要性、可行性等方面加以论述,讨论了物业税开征对房价的调控作用。     

稳定房价不力问责当地政府值得期待

住房问题不仅是经济问题,更是民生问题。房价的快速上涨,使房价进一步背离民生,引发了社会和群众对高房价的焦虑,加剧了社会矛盾。     

高房价背后的利益分析

对于高房价背后的利益决定着房价走势,高房价下的集团利益分析有助于弄清中国房地产价格的来龙去脉,有利于房地产市场政策的制订和实施。     

做好“十二五”时期稳定房价工作

近年来,高房价问题备受全国人民关注。主要原因:一是房价上涨过快,已经远远超过老百姓的承受能力;二是住房又是民众的生活必需品,如同吃饭、穿衣一样,是不可缺少的;三是人们对房价的未来走向感到担忧。持续不断的高房价牵动了全国人民的心,也牵动着国家领导人的心。如何控制和稳定房价,已经成为一个十分重要的民生问题。     

平价房:高房价的“克星”

央行调查显示,今年二季度,有68.5%的居民认为"房价高,难以接受"。在这场号称"史上最严厉"的调控政策持续了2年之后,还有近七成的居民难忍高房价,说明调控远未到位。对此笔者认为,应当大规模推出平价房,以撬动高房价回落。     

论企业定额工程建筑材料价差调整的方法

企业工程材料价差是工程定价的重要部分,是一个牵涉面广、内容复杂的问题。缩小价差距离,减少材料价格的波动与不稳定性,对合理准确地确定工程造价有重要意义。在价格体制改革中,材料价差调整已受到新的价格体制挑战,必须重视并构思出新的解决方法,才能适应改革步伐。     

经济适用房定价中的讨价还价博弈模型

近年来,经济适用房价格过高一直是社会关注的焦点。本文基于开发商与消费者的讨价还价模型,给出一个最优的政府指导价。     

The empirical relevance of the competitive storage model

The empirical relevance of models of competitive storage arbitrage in explaining commodity price behavior has been seriously challenged in a series of pathbreaking papers by [Deaton and Laroque, 1992], [Deaton and Laroque, 1995] and [Deaton and Laroque, 1996]. Here we address their major criticism, that the model is in general unable to explain the degree of serial correlation observed in the prices of twelve major commodities. First, we present a simple numerical version of their model which, contrary to Deaton and Laroque (1992), can generate the high levels of serial correlation observed in commodity prices, if it is parameterized to generate realistic levels of price variation. Then, after estimating the [Deaton and Laroque, 1995] and [Deaton and Laroque, 1996] model using their data set, model specification and econometric approach, we show that the use of a much finer grid to approximate the equilibrium price function yields quite different estimates for most commodities. Results are obtained for coffee, copper, jute, maize, palm oil, sugar and tin that support the specifications of the storage model with positive constant marginal storage cost and no deterioration as in Gustafson (1958a). Consumption demand has a low response to price and, except for sugar, stockouts are infrequent. The observed magnitudes of serial correlation of price match those implied by the estimated model.     

Interest Rate Feedback Rules in an Open Economy with Forward Looking Inflation

With the adoption of an explicit inflation target in the UK, there has been renewed interest in the properties of alternative interest rate feedback rules. Following Svensson (1999) a literature examining the relative merits of inflation and price level targeting has also developed. In this paper we compare the stabilization properties of the two forms of feedback rule that have been used most frequently in the literature and which give rise to price level and inflation targeting, respectively. The model in which we embed our rules is significantly richer than those considered in the price level targeting literature and this allows us to explain why the relative performance of the rules is dependent upon the nature of the shock considered and whether or not excess inflation is defined in terms of consumer or output price inflation.     

A Time Series Analysis of U.K. Lottery Sales: Long and Short Run Price Elasticities

This paper estimates the long- and short-run elasticities for Lotto. It is particularly concerned with the dynamic response to price variations since, for some goods, this has sometimes been used to infer the presence of addiction. The price elasticity is identified through variation in the expected value of a Lotto ticket induced by rollovers whose high frequency results in surprisingly high variation in the expected value of holding a ticket. Unit root tests are applied to the series in order to identify their time series properties and to avoid a spurious regression problem. The series are found to be stationary. We apply instrumental variables to account for the endogeneity which arises due to correlation between the expected value and the dependent sales variable. The estimated long-run elasticity exceeds the short-run elasticity and this supports the hypothesis that there is an element of addictive behaviour in sales. The Lottery is regulated and the regulator's objective is to maximize sales. Our estimated long-run price elasticity of demand is inconsistent with revenue maximization and we find that greater revenue for the 'good causes' could be raised from the game if a smaller proportion of sales revenue were allocated to them.     

物流企业如何应对高油价

国际原油价格持续上涨,国内成品油价格也不断攀升,给国内的物流业带来了明显冲击。文章在分析油价上涨对物流成本、物流市场结构、物流竞争结构的影响的基础上,提出了面对高油价我们一方面应降低物流成本,缓解高油价带来的成本压力,另一方面可以通过提高运输价格、加强企业间的合作和发展绿色物流来提高国内物流企业竞争力,以应对高油价带来的影响。     

The influence of ETFs on the price discovery of gold, silver and oil

In this study we examine gold, silver and oil exchange traded funds (ETFs) and their relation to their respective futures instruments and underlying commodities by using intradaily data. We find that the gold, silver and oil ETFs closely track the performance of their underlying assets by using tracking error and pricing deviation metrics. It has been documented in the finance literature that price discovery occurs in the futures market. We test whether in recent times the existence of ETFs has changed the dominating role of the futures market in price discovery. We find that the availability of ETFs has shifted price discovery for gold and silver to the ETF market, while the oil market has price discovery occurring still predominantly in the futures market.     

A dynamic analysis of moving average rules

The use of various moving average (MA) rules remains popular with financial market practitioners. These rules have recently become the focus of a number empirical studies, but there have been very few studies of financial market models where some agents employ technical trading rules of the type used in practice. In this paper, we propose a dynamic financial market model in which demand for traded assets has both a fundamentalist and a chartist component. The chartist demand is governed by the difference between current price and a (long-run) MA. Both types of traders are boundedly rational in the sense that, based on a fitness measure such as realized capital gains, traders switch from a strategy with low fitness to the one with high fitness. We characterize the stability and bifurcation properties of the underlying deterministic model via the reaction coefficient of the fundamentalists, the extrapolation rate of the chartists and the lag length used for the MA. By increasing the intensity of choice to switching strategies, we then examine various rational routes to randomness for different MA rules. The price dynamics of the MA rule are also examined and one of our main findings is that an increase of the window length of the MA rule can destabilize an otherwise stable system, leading to more complicated, even chaotic behaviour. The analysis of the corresponding stochastic model is able to explain various market price phenomena, including temporary bubbles, sudden market crashes, price resistance and price switching between different levels.     

EMPIRICAL STUDIES OF GASOLINE RETAILING: A GUIDE TO THE LITERATURE

Abstract This paper surveys the empirical literature on gasoline retailing, which has been growing rapidly over the last three decades, possibly in response to antitrust and regulatory concerns and increased availability of pricing data. Studies of both pricing and non‐price decision variables are considered. In general, it is found that crude oil prices are the primary driver of national price movements over time. However, market structure has been identified as playing a role in price dynamics, equilibrium selection and price differentials across markets and stations. The economic literature emphasizes the importance of heterogeneity across stations and coordination problems faced by retailers. Several directions for future work are suggested, including the development of theory and demand estimation using high‐frequency station level data.     

再谈两部制电价与变压器经济运行

降损节能一直是电力系统的中心工作。本文通过两部制的组成,按最大需量计算基本电费时对变压器经济运行进行分析,再通过投入回报分析,论证两部制电价不仅有利于变压器的经济运行而且促进节能减排工作的开展。