欧元对美元走势的实证研究及趋势分析

研究欧元与美元的汇率走势具有重要的意义.通过欧元兑美元汇率序列来分析研究这两种货币,探析汇率序列过往形成的趋势及特点,并分析其背后的经济原因,同时根据影响汇率的宏观经济因素预测分析欧元对美元的走势.     

蒙代尔最适度货币区理论的发展及其现实意义

罗伯特·蒙代尔提出的最适度货币区理论是国际政策协调理论中惟一得到实践印证的理论.欧洲货币一体化的实践在世界范围内产生了深远的影响,其实践过程既为最适度货币区理论提供了现实的说明,又为构造未来国际货币体系提供了有益的借鉴.     

当前我国宏观经济走势与调控政策取向研究

通过实证分析.本文阐述了符合我国国民经济均衡增长目标区间及与其相适应的适度通货膨胀率、最优货币供,给增长倍数.并论证了三者关系.科学分析和确定适度通货膨胀区闻是展开我国宏观经济走势分析的重要基础.选择和确定货币供给增长倍数是做好我国宏观经济走势分析与预测的关键环节.由此,可以更好地指导宏观政策的选择和实施,保证我国经济长期较快增长和持续健康发展.     

把握汇市全局

2007年回顾美元持续贬值;欧元大幅升值;日元变化不大,仍然保持在较低水平;商品货币相对美元普遍偏强;人民币兑美元大幅升值,但人民币相对一篮子货币的升幅则相对平和。2008年展望美元上半年可能都会承受较大压力,下半年则可能会出现转势;欧元走势或将呈现"先强后软"的态势;日元的走势比较平稳;商品货币可能大幅回落;人民币上半年将随美元相应调整,下半年人民币升值步伐则将走缓,且会受国内通胀形势的影响。     

欧元走势与购买力平价适用性实证分析

从欧元诞生之后,其相对于美元的汇率总体上经历了一个先降后升的过程。本文用平稳性检验方法证明了1999年后欧元与美元货币间的长期购买力平价不成立,是其他外部因素而不是欧元区与美国的通货膨胀因素影响了欧元汇率的走势,用购买力平价预测欧元汇率走势的做法并不恰当。     

欧元走势与购买力平价适用性实证分析

从欧元诞生之后,其相对于美元的汇率总体上经历了一个先降后升的过程.本文用平稳性检验方法证明了1999年后欧元与美元货币间的长期购买力平价不成立,是其他外部因素而不是欧元区与美国的通货膨胀因素影响了欧元汇率的走势,用购买力平价预测欧元汇率走势的做法并不恰当.     

2017年人民币汇率变动趋势研究

今年以来,人民币汇率走势特点可以总结为三个“趋稳”:一是是人民币对一揽子货币继续贬值,但对美元汇率趋稳;二是人民币贬值预期改善,资本流出压力缓解令外汇供求关系趋稳;三是离岸市场人民币规模降幅收窄,汇差缩小令内外汇率的联动趋稳.未来人民币汇率走势主要依赖于美元、欧元汇率的变化,考虑到美国在此轮经济复苏和货币政策调整周期中都领先于欧洲,下半年人民币汇率因美元走强而面临贬值压力的可能性较大.为此,建议实行更加灵活的汇率政策,合理管控跨境资本流动,维持国内中性适度的流动性环境.     

当前我国宏观经济走势与调控政策取向研究

通过实证分析，本文阐述了符合我国国民经济均衡增长目标区间及与其相适应的适度通货膨胀率、最优货币供给增长倍数，并论证了三者关系。科学分析和确定适度通货膨胀区间是展开我国宏观经济走势分析的重要基础。选择和确定货币供给增长倍数是做好我国宏观经济走势分析与预测的关键环节。由此，可以更好地指导宏观政策的选择和实施，保证我国经济长期较快增长和持续健康发展。     

2010年世界主要货币汇率走势及2011年展望

2010年,全球经济不均衡复苏,各国货币汇率也呈现出不同的走势：上半年,欧洲主权债务危机恶化引发欧元汇率急剧下跌,美元持续走强;下半年,欧债危机暂时缓解,欧元触底回升,而美国经济复苏放缓,美元大幅贬值,迫使其他货币被动升值。展望2011年,世界经济复苏仍然缓慢,美元将继续维持弱势震荡,欧元走势取决于欧债危机的进展,日元的下行风险将加大,澳元等资源型国家的货币则将震荡上升,人民币的升值压力也将加大。我国应利用人民币升值的有利方面,将其负面影响降到最低。     

亚洲货币合作的障碍与前景

本文运用最适度货币区理论探讨了在经济全球化、国际金融一体化趋势下,亚洲尤其是东亚货币合作的重要意义及现存的条件。分析了亚洲货币合作的障碍。从文化、地缘关系等方面,运用网络化的思维方式从史学的角度逻辑地揭示了亚洲货币合作的光明前景。     

A composite leading indicator of the inflation cycle for the Euro area

We evaluate the performance of composite leading indicators of turning points of inflation in the Euro area, constructed by combining the techniques of Fourier analysis and Kalman filters with the National Bureau of Economic Research methodology. In addition, the study compares the empirical performance of Euro Simple Sum and Divisia monetary aggregates and provides a tentative answer to the issue of whether or not the UK should join the Euro area. Our findings suggest that, first, the cyclical pattern of the different composite leading indicators very closely reflect that of the inflation cycle for the Euro area; second, the empirical performance of the Euro Divisia is better than its Simple Sum counterpart and third, the UK is better out of the Euro area.     

The Global Financial Crisis and Stochastic Convergence in the Euro Area

This paper analyzes the issue of convergence in the original Euro Area countries, and assesses the effect of the global financial crisis on the process of convergence. In particular, we consider whether the global financial crisis pulled the 12 economies of the Euro Area together or pushed them apart. We investigate the dynamics of stochastic convergence of the original Euro Area countries for inflation rates, nominal interest rates, and real interest rates. We test for convergence relative to Germany, taken as the benchmark for core EU standards, using monthly data over the period January 2001 to September 2010. We examine, in a time-series framework, three different profiles of the convergence process: linear convergence, nonlinear convergence, and linear segmented convergence. Our findings both contradict and support convergence. Stochastic convergence implies the rejection of a unit root in the inflation rate, nominal interest rate, and real interest rate differentials. We find that the differentials are consistent with a unit-root hypothesis when the alternative hypothesis is a stationary process with a linear trend. We frequently, but not always, reject the unit-root hypothesis when the alternative is a stationary process with a broken trend. We also note that the current financial crisis plays a significant role in dating the breaks.     

爱尔兰债务危机的近距离观察

爱尔兰债务危机主要因房地产泡沫的破灭以及政府对陷入困境中的银行业地毯式注资所引起,更由于外资力量的复合作用而恶化。这场危机不仅将放大欧洲银行业的风险敞口,而且可能危及欧元的存续。也正是如此,欧盟委员会和国际社会采取了果断的援救措施。不过,由于欧元区自身固有的体制性缺陷,欧债危机可能还会在另外的国家继续上演。     

论国际货币体系中欧元对美元的挑战

21世纪初,由于美元持续贬值、欧元持续升值等原因,前者在国际货币体系中的首要地位日益面临欧元的挑战。譬如,前者全球外汇储备中的比重逐步下降,后者则相应上升;越来越多的国家要求在国际石油交易中加入欧元等。国际货币体系的演变从根本上取决于各国政治、经济和军事实力的对比,由于实力差距,欧元在短期内难以改变美元在这一体系中的地位。     

Does the Euro follow the German Mark? Evidence from the monetary model of the exchange rate

This paper investigates whether German or synthetic European pre-EMU data provides the appropriate empirical basis for evaluating Euro/Dollar exchange rate behavior. Monetary exchange rate equations are estimated for both data sets over the pre-EMU period, and out-of-sample forecasts are evaluated to assess their ability to explain the Euro/Dollar exchange rate from 1999 to 2004. While forecast accuracy tests confirm the usefulness of synthetic European data for Euro exchange rate analysis, forecasts based on the German pre-EMU experience cannot even beat a random walk. Our results indicate that the Euro does not simply follow the German Mark, but that it has its origins in the other pre-EMU currencies as well.     

The hard shadow of the Greek economy: new estimates of the size of the underground economy and its fiscal impact

This article presents new estimates of the Greek underground economy and explores the link between the underground economy and aggregate debt. We show that the Greek underground economy has been underestimated heavily and has been on a rising trend again since Greece adopted the Euro. We also present evidence that the size of the underground economy is positively related to the debt-to-GDP ratio, implying that fighting the underground economy is also conducive to financial and macroeconomic stability. Our results suggest that for our sample of 11 EMU member countries, the loss of the inflation tax as an economic policy instrument had drastic consequences. While the underground economy did not have a statistically significant impact on aggregate debt before the introduction of the Euro, it has pushed up the debt-to-GDP ratio in our sample since.     

Comment on “Lessons for Monetary Policy from the Euro-Area Crisis”

This comment discusses and extends the paper: “Lessons for Monetary Policy from the Euro Area Crisis,” by Charles Goodhart. The comment claims the Eurosystem was more sluggish in responding to the crisis than the Federal Reserve due to restrictions originating from its mandate. Yet today’s challenge runs deeper, as the absence of a banking union in the Euro Area has allowed a large fragmentation in financial intermediation. The critical question is: “Given that the Euro Area is not an Optimum Currency Area and a banking union will take a long time to materialize, can the Eurosystem find a way to alleviate the fragmentation in lending rates without compromising its independence?” The comment offers a solution, which would expand the monetary toolbox.     

Regional output growth synchronisation with the Euro Area

This paper investigates the patterns and determinants of the co-movement of economic activity between regions in the European Union and the Euro Area. We use a panel dataset of 208 regions over the period 1989–2002 and estimate a system of simultaneous equations to analyse the impact of regional trade integration, industry specialisation and exchange rate volatility on regional output growth synchronisation with the Euro Area. We find that deeper trade integration with the Euro Area had a strong direct positive effect on the synchronisation of regional output growth with the Euro Area. Industrial specialisation and exchange rate volatility were sources of cyclical divergence. Industrial specialisation had however an indirect positive effect on regional output growth synchronisation via its positive effect on trade integration, while exchange rate volatility had an indirect additional negative effect on regional output growth synchronisation by reducing trade integration.     

Testing for efficiency in selected developing foreign exchange markets: An equilibrium-based approach

This paper proposes an alternative way of testing FOREX efficiency for developing countries. The FOREX market will be efficient if fully reflects all available information. If this holds, the actual exchange rate will not deviate significantly from its equilibrium rate. Moreover, the spot rate should deviate from its equilibrium rate by only transitory components (i.e. it should follow a white noise process). This test is applied to three Central and Eastern European Countries — members of the EU. Considering an LSTAR model we find no evidence of nonlinear adjustment in the misalignment series. So, linear unit root tests imply that the Poland/Euro FOREX market is efficient, the Czech/Euro FOREX market is not, while the Slovak/Euro FOREX market is quasi-efficient.