我国垄断性收入分配存在的问题及对策分析

改革开放以来,我国不同行业职工的收入分配差距有进一步拉大的趋势。行业职工收入分配差距主要体现在垄断性行业与非垄断性行业上,我国经济转轨过程中的行政性垄断致使行业收入分配呈现出诸多的不合理性。垄断性国有企业员工收入不正常增长的原因在于国有企业财务、工资管理体制混乱,政府监管缺失。为了实现社会分配的公平和效益必须对利益分配进行有效监控和制衡。     

改革公务员工资的理论分析

当前公务员工资制度存在着名义工资低而实际工资高,行业差距、部门差距及地区差距大等一系列问题.公务员的工资支出是对政府提供行政管理这一公共产品的成本补偿支出,属于购买性支出和非生产性支出.根据数据分析,诸多福利支出、津贴支出增大是导致行政管理支出增大的原因.因此,应加快政府工资体制改革,清理部门津贴、补贴;将制度内工资和制度外收入合并,纳入预算管理,推行部门预算;加快配套实施条例的推行,使公务员工资范围和标准进一步细化.     

浅析我国电力监管机构对输配电企业会计监管的问题及建议

<正>2002年至今,我国电力体制改革进入了"厂网分开、电力市场改革深化"阶段,这一阶段在发电领域强化市场竞争机制,输配电领域仍保持垄断性。由于在电价方面,我国对输配电领域实行政府定价方式,输配电领域存在垄断性,必然会导致信息不对称问题,从而使得政府定价部门不能获得完整、真实的成本信息,     

国外天然气定价机制及对我国的启示

天然气工业定价方式与天然气市场发展程度密切相关,天然气定价可以分为垄断性定价和竞争性定价,两种定价方式各有各的优势,适用于天然气市场发展的不同阶段。我国应该在借鉴国外天然气定价成功经验的基础之上,结合我国天然气工业发展状况,逐步引入竞争、放松管制,促进天然气行业的健康、良性、可持续发展     

市场体制中省级政府八大经济职能创新

我国发端于70年代末的经济体制改革,已经走过了20年艰难而辉煌的历程.伴随这一历史进程,省级政府经过两次精简机构,直接管理经济的职能已走向间接调控为主,政府集权式的资源配置逐步由市场调节取代,在竞争性行业及基础产业领域,社会商品销售额中90%以上的商品实行了市场定价.在当今国有企业改革已进入攻坚阶段之时,也暗示了必须同时加快政府职能的转变,而且政府职能转变与否已成为矛盾的主要方面,在我国从计划经济走向市场经济的历史进程中尤其是这样.     

教育回报率对中国城镇劳动力性别工资差距的影响研究

使用1989-2015年中国健康与营养调查数据,探讨教育回报率对性别工资差距的影响及其机制。数据显示,女性和男性的工资差距呈扩大趋势。使用Heckman两步法估计明瑟教育回报率表明,女性教育回报率高于男性,而且性别间教育回报率差距扩大。机制研究表明,国有部门性别间教育回报率差距小于非国有部门,从而导致国有部门性别工资差距小于非国有部门。性别工资差距扩大主要源自非国有部门,而非国有部门性别工资差距扩大主要源自低学历女性和男性工资差距扩大。此外,女性占比较高的半白领和白领职业性别间教育回报率差距小于女性占比较低的蓝领和白领职业。综上,有关部门需要关注受教育程度较低的女性,降低非国有部门的性别工资差距,减轻对女性的职业隔离。     

贸易自由化对性别工资差距的影响研究述评

根据传统的H-O理论和S-S理论,随着各国之间贸易的不断深入,非熟练劳动力和熟练劳动力的工资差距将逐渐缩小 目前,国外学者高度关注对外贸易对国内收入差距、工资差距的影响,并做了大量的学术研究,同时这一课题也是世界各国政府和组织机构高度关注的焦点在国际主流研究中,主要存在两种截然不同的观点:开放贸易导致性别工资差距扩大以及开放贸易导致性别工资差距缩小就中国国情而言,研究对外贸易对中国性别工资差距的影响是一件十分紧迫而重要的工作.     

贸易开放对电子设备制造业性别工资差距的影响

为了深入探究贸易开放对性别工资差距的影响,本文就外贸依存度、进口依存度和出口依存度对电子设备制造业性别工资差距的影响进行回归分析,还研究了不同企业所有制下影响的差异性.结果表明,贸易开放扩大了电子设备制造业的性别工资差距.就不同的企业所有制而言,贸易开放显著扩大了国有企业、私营企业中的性别工资差距,缩小了外资企业和集体...     

入世将冲击中国垄断行业

最近,在中国发展高层论坛年会上,关于垄断的主题引起了广泛的讨论。 蒋黔贵（国家经贸委副主任）中国的垄断性行业,从形成过程来讲,大体分两种情况:一种是因政府政策的需要而形成的垄断性行业,比如军工、烟草等;另一种是自然垄断性行业,主要是由于生产经营特点而形成垄断地位,像电力、电信、铁道等。改革开放以来,我们在不断推进竞争性行业市场化的同时,也对垄     

社会主义市场经济条件下政府与国有企业关系初探

国有企业改革过程实际上是对政府与国有企业关系不断探索的过程.政府和国有企业关系的转变是与国家宏观经济体制的转变相一致的.改革以前,国有企业基本上没有自主权.企业的投资决策由计划部门批准,技术改造由经贸委决定,企业奖金工资分配由财政和劳动部门决定等等.由于国营企业只具有基层工厂的功能,所以企业的管理者不是政策的制定     

JIT in the Baking Sector

This paper reports the findings of an exploratory survey on the existing perceptions of those baking firms that claim to use JIT on certain key global aspects pertaining to the individual bsking firm of the baking sector in general. It then integrates these perceptions into existing relevant knowledge in JIT implementation, and arrives at some concrete suggestions for the individual baking firm with JIT aspirations.     

物流从业人员的需求状况及必备素质

<正>随着经济全球化和信息技术的迅速发展以及企业生产资料的获取与产品经营范围的日趋扩大,社会生产、货物流通、商品交易及其管理方式正在发生深刻变革。现代物流作为一种先进的组织方式和管理技术,     

Networking in the Homestay Sector

This paper provides a case study on the management of private home accommodation used to house overseas guests who are primarily registered as students with the English as a foreign language sector. It uses network analysis to focus on the significance of social and also business networks and their implications with regard to the understanding, management, regulation and support of this neglected segment o f the hospitality sector The findings are considered to have a wider relevance to the small hospitality enterprise.     

中国非正规部门指数的设计与测算——兼论非正规部门与经济增长关系

文章基于2008版国民经济核算体系新框架,利用统计指数理论和综合评价技术从投资、消费、就业、金融四个方面设计并测算我国非正规部门指数。在此基础上,探讨了非正规部门与经济增长的内在联系。研究结果显示,我国非正规部门年均增长快于同期经济增长;非正规部门的"低抗风险性、低政府规制"的特征增加了非正规部门增长的不稳定性;非正规部门与经济增长之间存在协整关系,不论从长期还是短期看,当期非正规部门与经济增长均存在正向关系,但影响程度较弱。     

Market Orientation and Performance in the Public Sector

Abstract

Increased calls for transparency and accountability in government organizations underscores the need for a market orientation even in the public sector. The degree of market orientation and its effect on performance and on organizational commitment in government departments in three Australian states is considered. Results provide empirical support for a direct relationship between market orientation and performance and evidence of the mediating role of organizational commitment. Implications are drawn and directions for future research are discussed.     

Time Use and the Dynamics of the Service Sector

This article looks cat the historical dynamics of service provision from a rather unusual perspective - the change in patterns of time use. It discusses a mechanism whereby activity potterns in ‘the economy ‘may be accountedfor in terms of time rather than money, and shows how this form of economic activity is associated with other rextra-economic 3 sorts of productive and leisure activities. It presents time-budget d0ta from a number of different developed economies, showing historical changes in time allocation patterns, and relates these to more conventional indicators of economic structure.     

Public Versus Private Sector Procurement Ethics and Strategy: What Each Sector can Learn from the Other

The government purchasing market constitutes the largest business sector in the world. While marketers would benefit from a deep understanding of both sectors, how the two sectors differ in terms of ethics and strategy largely remains unknown. The purpose of this research, therefore, is to explore differences between the for-profit and not-for-profit sectors on two critical aspects of business-to-business procurement: ethics and strategy. Using survey data from a sample of 328 procurement professionals in the for-profit and not-for-profit sectors, key differences are explored. Findings suggest that buyers in the for-profit sector are more likely to behave opportunistically. Conversely, the buyers’ leaders in the not-for-profit sector behave more opportunistically and are more willing to turn a blind eye to their subordinate buyers’ opportunistic behaviors. In addition, key differences in procurement strategy are unveiled suggesting that not-for-profit procurement practices have some room for improvement. Based on the findings, theoretical and managerial implications are drawn, and a future research agenda is proposed.     

市场调研是金融行业提高竞争力的重要“武器”——访益普索北美副总裁、金融行业负责人Douglas

自进入新千年,特别是加入WTO后,国内银行业的市场化发展非常快,相互之间的竞争日益加剧。而随着今年年底国内银行业对外资的全面放开,国际上的诸多大银行都将进军国内市场,与国内银行争夺人民业务和个人业务。国内银行不仅要面对银行数量增加客户分流的竞争,还要应对各银行之间     

Corporate Culture in the Nonprofit Sector: A Comparison of Fringe Benefits with the For-profit Sector

One explanation that may be given for why nonprofit organizations pay lower wages than do other organizations is that nonprofits are more pleasant places to work. Indeed, some authors have proposed that nonprofit organizations should make an effort to promote a working environment that reflects the beliefs of the organization. This paper uses several proxies for whether an organization is a pleasant place in which to work, and tests for whether nonprofits are more likely to offer such pleasant working conditions. Analysis shows that nonprofits are not more likely to offer these conditions in many instances.     

Outsourcing in the German Hospital Sector

Being under pressure both from demographic changes in most industrialised countries and increasingly scarce financial resources in social security, in the last decade the German hospital sector tried to find some relief in outsourcing of services not belonging to its core competences like IT services, catering and cleaning. However, not all the hopes connected with this strategy have been fulfilled. This paper takes stock of the current situation of outsourcing in the German hospital sector mainly by the size of the institution. It describes the patterns of outsourcing in the sector, looks at the reasons for outsourcing, and describes the experiences with it of the hospitals on the one hand and the service providers on the other. We conclude by expressing our expectations concerning the foreseeable future of outsourcing in the German hospital sector.