出租车市场组织形式管制效果分析——上海市出租车市场调查

通过设计、发放调查问卷,分析、评价我国城市出租车市场公司经营与个体经营的优劣,进而就目前采取的限制进入出租车市场组织形式的管制方式进行分析,提出放松个体进入限制措施、提高司机执业标准、强化进入退出机制等管制制度与政策的改革措施,以纠正市场失灵,提高资源配置效率,促进公平等管制目标的实现。     

Estimation problems for rectangular distributions (or the taxi problem revisited)

The problem of estimating the unknown upper bound on the basis of a sample of sizen from a uniform or rectangular distribution on [0, ] has considerable interest. This or the analogous discrete version is variously known as the Taxi-problem or the German bomb (or Tank) problem and has a long history. The emphasis here is on estimation of through the lengths of the observed gaps or spacings which seem natural for this problem.     

出租车特许经营权管制评析

我国政府对出租车行业实行严格的准入管制,但基于自然垄断特性而对出租车行业进行准入管制的理由是不充分的。在特许经营权收益绝大部分分配给了出租车公司的情况下,政府管制使出租车公司获得垄断高价,并侵害到出租车司机与乘客的权益;出租车公司的高额利润导致非法营运增多,显然其收益与贡献是极其不匹配的。深层次原因是市场需求与准入管制的时滞性矛盾、出租车数量在空间分布上的不均衡及政府将新增道路上出租车的特许经营权完全无偿赋予了出租车公司。现阶段,在促进有效竞争的基础上实行管制创新就成为一个必然的选择。     

出租客运的性质、地位及其应有的管理模式

采用经济学和运输经济学的理论与方法,分析了我国出租客运行业的基本属性、定位、资源配置机理、发展动力机制以及高技术风险特征,认为出租客运行业不具备一般市场竞争领域的特征,政府应对该行业实施管制。结合我国城市发展的多层次性,提出了大型中心城市出租客运行业的管制模式:政府监管企业,企业监管车辆及其运营。     

出租车数量管制对社会福利的影响

运用经济学的研究方法对出租车行业的数量管制问题进行了考查。研究发现,由于出租车行业具有很强的竞争性,单纯依靠市场的自发调节就能够实现该行业的资源优化配置;对出租车行业的数量管制,不但影响了出租车行业的自身发展,而且造成了社会福利损失。事实上,管制的重要原因是为了获得管制租金而不是增进社会福利。因此放宽对出租车行业的数量管制才是增进社会福利的有效选择。     

风景为何这边独好——从出租车窗口看上海服务管理

"要了解一个城市及当地人的特点,坐几回出租车就知道了." 上海的出租车给人什么印象呢?一个最近到过上海的外地乘客说的一段话,或许很有代表性:"我到上海3天,乘的出租车少说也有10次.上海出租车一般都干净整洁,上海‘的哥'也都亲切、周到.问你好,答问题,给发票,说谢谢,道再见,让人感到自然、舒服."     

Spatio-temporal modeling of yellow taxi demands in New York City using generalized STAR models

The spatio-temporal variation in the demand for transportation, particularly taxis, in the highly dynamic urban space of a metropolis such as New York City is impacted by various factors such as commuting, weather, road work and closures, disruptions in transit services, etc. This study endeavors to explain the user demand for taxis through space and time by proposing a generalized spatio-temporal autoregressive (STAR) model. It deals with the high dimensionality of the model by proposing the use of LASSO-type penalized methods for tackling parameter estimation. The forecasting performance of the proposed models is measured using the out-of-sample mean squared prediction error (MSPE), and the proposed models are found to outperform other alternative models such as vector autoregressive (VAR) models. The proposed modeling framework has an easily interpretable parameter structure and is suitable for practical application by taxi operators. The efficiency of the proposed model also helps with model estimation in real-time applications.     

Improving equity of urban transit systems with the adoption of origin-destination based taxi fares

In this paper an original approach for setting taxi fares is proposed. The approach is based on origin-destination fares and aims to increase the equity of transportation supply in an urban area: routes in certain urban areas can be very well served while others may be served poorly or not at all. Yet most citizens contribute indirectly to transit systems that are often subsidized to a considerable extent by public money. The proposed method seeks to balance this asymmetry, reducing taxi fares on origin-destination pairs that are poorly served by other transportation modes. An optimisation problem based on this principle is formulated and solved. The proposed approach is tested on a small test network and on a real-scale network. Numerical results show that the approach is applicable and useful to enhance equity in transit services.     

浅谈湖北省出租汽车客运市场存在的主要问题及原因

湖北省出租汽车客运发展到目前,已成为道路运输和城市公共交通的重要组成部分,是一个非常重要的“窗口”行业,倍受各级政府、社会各界和广大人民群众的关注。出租汽车客运,是指用小型客车按乘客意愿提供运送服务,并按行时里程和时间计费的道路旅客运输经营活动。湖北省出租汽车客运行业的发展从二十世纪初出现第一辆出租汽车开始,经历了一个从无到有、由少到多、由弱到强的发展历程。     

five for a manifesto

Economic Affairs asked some elder statesmen what five points they would like to see in at least one party manifesto at the coming general election.     

为品牌找个好靠山

无论从品牌的创造、投入,还是从选择、消费来看,强劲品牌都不能没有自己的支柱!加入WTO,政府部门的红头文件一张张被取缔,那品牌也要重新找个好靠山了.     

Time for a change!

Learn how one successful manufacturer uses in-house training to cut the time it takes to do things in all areas of the company. Learn basic principles that can be used by anyone to reduce time in their work, no matter what job they do.     

Developing a Reputation for Reticence

A sender who has disclosable information with probability less than one may partially conceal bad news by choosing to withhold information and pooling with uninformed types. The success of this strategy depends on receivers' beliefs about the probability that the sender has disclosable news. In a dynamic context, informed senders try to cultivate a reputation for reticence either by concealing good news along with the bad, or by concealing some good news and disclosing some bad news. A reputation for reticence is valuable because it makes receivers less skeptical of past or future nondisclosures. The model provides insight into the choice by firms such as Google not to disclose quarterly earnings guidance to analysts, as well as Tony Blair's reticence over his son's vaccine record during the measles–mumps–rubella scare in the United Kingdom.