Citizen Participation in Urban Governance in the Context of Democratization: Evidence from Low‐Income Neighbourhoods in Mexico

Participation has recently been subject to renewed attention and critique in the context of neoliberal urban governance. This is especially relevant in countries where decentralization and democratization in the context of neoliberalism have led to increased promotion of local‐level participation. This article suggests that current critiques of participation's potential for democratic citizen engagement in a neoliberal context would benefit from further reflection on how participation is implemented in contexts, particularly the global South, where neoliberalism and democracy may be understood differently. Different ‘cultures of engagement’ in specific settings suggest that understandings and practices of participation draw on different traditions, including corporatism and self‐help. This article seeks to add to the debate by exploring the socio‐spatial consequences of participation structures in low‐income neighbourhoods in a provincial Mexican city. Based on qualitative research in two low‐income neighbourhoods in Xalapa, Mexico, it examines how the provisions of the local citizen‐participation framework compare with residents' experiences of it. Formalized conceptions of participation, framed as involvement in service provision, interact with and shape residents' activities in developing their neighbourhoods. This has consequences for urban development there, including the reflection and reproduction of social and spatial marginalization.     

美国地方政府治理体制的研究与借鉴

美国经过200多年的发展,形成了较为完善的行政管理体制,美国地方政府治理体制的特点主要体现在如何界定联邦政府与地方政府之间的权力关系,如何设立分工合作、独立运行的行政执行系统两个方面。对完善我国当前的地方政府治理体制有重要的借鉴作用,要研究符合我国国情的中央政府与地方政府之间的权力关系、研究构建新型的行政执行体系、适当缩小省级政府的规模、适度减少行政层级,从而构建符合我国国情的地方政府治理体制。     

Urbanization as A Process of State Building: Local Governance Reforms in China

Existing scholarship suggests that local transformation in reform‐era China has been a process of decentralization of state power driving extractive local governments to pursue economic growth through rapacious land appropriation and producing many miserable landless villagers. This study puts forward an alternative perspective by arguing that local governance reforms in China to advance urban development should also be interpreted as a process of state building, whereby local government reshaped its governance strategy so as to mitigate potential social unrest and strengthen its political legitimacy in governing rapidly urbanizing areas. Based on intensive fieldwork in a periurban district in southern China, this research examines how the local state has heightened its control over urbanizing villages through its day‐to‐day governance practices and the pursuit of a complex policy agenda comprising social welfare provision, shareholding reforms and intervention in grassroots politics. The findings of this study shed new light on understanding local state transformation in periurban China and on explaining why the country still maintains tremendous urban growth despite incessant land disputes and numerous social tensions at different localities.     

“大会计”与地方政府性债务治理:作用机理与分析框架

地方政府性债务风险已超出常规财政和经济问题的范畴而上升至国家治理的层面,成为当前全面深化改革的一个突破口。基于会计管理的本质提出"大会计"概念,对"大会计"服务国家治理的作用机理进行了初步论证;借助"大会计"分析框架,从财政和预算管理、绩效考核、政府会计、内部控制和国家审计等视角对地方政府性债务风险的成因和治理问题进行梳理。研究发现:作为一种技术性治理手段的"大会计"在地方政府性债务治理中发挥着不可替代的重要作用,预算管理、绩效评估、政府会计、内部控制和国家审计之间需要良性互动、有序推进。     

国有股权参股与民营重污染企业绿色治理

由于生态环境投入的外部性和资本的逐利性,民营重污染企业的绿色治理是我国企业绿色治理的重点和难点.本文分析了国有股权参股对民营重污染企业绿色治理的影响机理,并以2008～2019年A股上市的民营重污染企业为研究样本进行了实证检验.研究发现,国有股权参股能够通过治理效应和资源效应促进民营重污染企业绿色治理;相对于污染风险较...     

多维度公司治理模式的比较研究

本文从制度环境维度、人力资本维度和企业成长维度，对公司治理模式进行了比较研究，即从宏观层面、中观层面和微观层面对公司治理模式进行比较研究。在综合考虑三个维度因素基础上，构建更能解释现实公司治理现象和问题的权变公司治理模式。     

Partnership and the Limits to Local Governance in England: Institutionalist Analysis and Neoliberalism

There is much debate about the shift from a pattern of traditional local government to one of local governance, and about the impact of such a tendency on the effectiveness of governance processes and outcomes. This article argues that it is necessary in exploring such issues to bring together contributions informed by new institutionalist perspectives with others concerned with the political economy of neoliberalism. Partnerships are widely seen to be a significant element in the shift from government to governance, and the article focuses on the role of partnerships at both local (ie local authority) and neighbourhood level. Key questions about ‘local partnership governance’ concern its democratic legitimacy and the capacity of its institutions. Drawing on the examples of local strategic partnerships and the New Deal for Communities programme in England, it is recognized that such partnerships can appear to open up new approaches to legitimacy and new possibilities of enhancing the capacity of the local governance system. In fact, however, they are more likely to undermine democracy and accountability, and lack the capacity to be effective, while limiting local policy options to those consistent with New Labour's neoliberal policy agenda.     

环境分权体制下中央政府与地方政府协同环境治理研究

考虑到信息不对称、地区环境偏好差异以及中央政府资源的有限性,中央政府介入地方环境治理是否能最大化改善企业环境绩效取决于地方环境治理的力度。微观经济理论模型表明：地方环境治理力度存在门槛值,当治理力度低于或等于门槛值时,中央政府参与地方环境治理能够增加企业边际减排成本进而改善企业环境绩效;而当地方环境治理力度超过门槛值时,中央政府应该完全放权给地方政府,地方政府自身的有效治理能有效地改善企业环境绩效。进一步利用微观企业数据进行实证检验发现,单独的中央与地方政府环境治理均能有效地促进企业环境绩效,但两者交互项的系数显著为负,这一实证结果在污染企业与国有企业样本中也很稳健。门槛模型回归结果表明,地方环境治理力度的单一门槛值使得中央监管对企业环境绩效的作用不同,建议依据地方环境治理力度水平来实施地区差异化的环境治理策略。     

On Life as a Fictitious Commodity: Cities and the Biopolitics of Late Neoliberalism

Building on a biopolitical understanding of the economic crisis, this essay contends that the occurrence of the crisis warns that life is not a real commodity but — to put it in Karl Polanyi's terms — a ‘fictitious commodity’. This means that life cannot be integrally subsumed within the economy, and therefore the crisis is to be seen as a pathological way in which societies react to the pervasiveness of capitalist relations, showing the illusory character of self‐regulating markets and ownership ideologies. Two mutually contradictory biopolitical responses to the neoliberal crisis, led by the state and grassroots movements respectively, are discussed in the concluding section of the essay.