CORRUPTION AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT: A PANEL GRAVITY MODEL APPROACH

This paper investigates the relationship between corruption and foreign direct investment (FDI) in the case of 15 transition countries by using a panel gravity model approach and suggests that corruption does not deter FDI.     

东道国ESP系统与东道国外商直接投资特征研究--以中国为例

国际直接投资地域结构的时空差异性对忽视东道国因素的传统国际投资理论提出了挑战。文章研究了东道国因素对国际生产资本地域运动的影响，提出了国际直接投资是东道国因素与投资主体三优势综合作用的结果，东道国环境、体制、政策系统的状态特征决定了东道国外资特征等观点，并实证研究了中国改革开放进程与外商对华投资规模和结构的内在互动性。     

THE COMPLEMENTARITY BETWEEN ENDOGENOUS PROTECTION AND DIRECT FOREIGN INVESTMENT

This paper studies the endogenous relationship between direct foreign investgment (DFI) and trade restriction. A domestic labor union interested in both employment and wages bargains with a foreign firm and lobbies against foreign imports. By endogeneizing the wage rate and incorporating resource-using lobbying, we show that more DFI results in higher lobbying efforts and lower imports under fairly general conditions, i.e. a reversal of quid pro quo DFI. We also conduct comparative statics analysis on wages and lobbying efforts.     

EC INTEGRATION AND JAPANESE FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN THE EC

This study proposes two hypotheses to identify the cause(s) behind the short-term cyclical Japanese manufacturing foreign direct investment in the European Community (EC) in the late 1980s and early 1990s: (i) a catch-up process of Japanese firms in anticipation of EC single market integration in 1993 and (ii) the so-called bubble economic phenomenon caused by the overheated economy following expansionary monetary policy in Japan in the late 1980s. Applying multinomial logit models to the data on parent firms of 283 Japanese manufacturing subsidiaries established in the EC from 1988 to 1992 reveals strong support for the bubble economy hypothesis but not for the catch-up hypothesis. Results also show that under a bubble economy situation, tax-related incentive policies in host countries—e.g., an investment tax allowance for foreign direct investment—are quite important in attracting Japanese firms.     

AN OLIGOPOLISTIC HECKSCHER–OHLIN MODEL OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT*

We develop a 2 × 2 × 2 trade model in which one of the two sectors is perfectly competitive and the other is oligopolistic. The oligopoly sector consists of a given number of identical firms for each country, but they are free to locate in either country. The allocation of the firms between the two countries is endogenously determined, and changes in factor prices play a crucial role in establishing this equilibrium. Under this framework we examine the validity of factor price equalization, patterns of trade and gains from trade. Effects of technological progress and preference changes on firm locations are also analysed.     

外商直接投资对中国经济影响分析

本文认为外商直接投资在中国的发展变化为：①发展有波折、但总体增长迅速；②由合作企业转向合资企业；③港台地区成为主要外资源地；④重点由服务业转向制造业；⑤主要集中于沿海地区。外商直接投资对中国经济的影响表现在：①资本总量和产出增长；②就业机会和劳力素质；③经济体制和管理体制：④技术引进；⑤市场扩大。     

1990年代以来江苏省FDI的空间集聚与扩散

以江苏省65个县域为研究地域单元,通过构造相对FDI指数,运用马尔可夫链、空间马尔可夫链的数量分析方法及GIS 空间分析技术,对江苏省1990年代以来的外商直接投资集聚与扩散水平进行测度与研究.分析了区域的邻居环境状况对其利用外资的增长速度及其水平类型转移的影响,并对外商直接投资的集聚与扩散原因做了解释.     

外商投资与天津电子信息产业群的形成演化研究

产业群是产业发展的一种内在规律,也和经济的对外开放程度有很大关系。文章以天津电子信息产业群为例,分析了外商直接投资对地方产业群形成演变所起的作用,认为大量的外资进入是产业群形成的直接动力,建立在供给与需求机制上的跨国公司与当地国有企业之间产业链的融合是产业群成长的根本动力。随着跨国公司在全球的投资目标和经营方式的改变,本地生产网络和全球生产网络格局发生了变化,对于这一类产业群,其持续的发展有赖于不断的制度创新。     

外商直接投资区域变化与中西部地区引资困境

根据中国内陆地区对外开放程度逐渐加大、国家对西部开发的重视程度不断加强,以及外资投资区位转移的“雁行理论”等条件推理,内陆地区近年来引进外资的增长幅度应该快于沿海地区。然而,实际分析结果表明,1979年以来的外资由沿海向内陆地区的转移,从1997年开始停滞,中西部地区引进外资总体表现不佳。文章从“路径依赖”、市场规模、基础设施、劳动力素质、产业关联和投资软环境诸方面分析了形成这种现象的原因。在此基础上,提出了加快中西部地区引资的思路。     

外商直接投资对江浙沪经济发展影响的比较

用1985—2006年的时间序列,就外商直接投资对长江三角洲的江苏、浙江、上海经济增长的短期和长期效应进行实证比较。从短期效应看当年外商直接投资对三地经济增长的需求拉动作用明显,对上海的效应最大,浙江次之,江苏最小。从长期效应看,超前两年的外商直接投资对江苏、浙江、上海经济增长的长期供给创造以及溢出作用明显,对浙江的效应最大,上海次之,江苏最小。无论是短期效应还是长期效应,外商直接投资的"质"对经济增长的效应大于外商直接投资的"量"的影响,故提出吸引更多高质外资的对策。     

OPTIMAL TRANSITION DYNAMICS IN THE LEONTIEF TWO‐SECTOR GROWTH MODEL WITH DURABLE CAPITAL: THE CASE OF CAPITAL INTENSIVE CONSUMPTION GOODS*

We present results on undiscounted optimal policies in the Leontief two‐sector growth model with durable capital. Unlike the results with a labour intensive consumption goods sector, we show that a monotonic optimal programme is only one special case out of many richer possibilities of transition dynamics. Depending on the initial capital stock, and a key parameter ζ that could be interpreted as a marginal rate of transformation of capital between today and tomorrow, an optimal programme may converge to a period‐two cycle; and even when it converges to the golden rule stock, it can do so (damped) cyclically or with a “jump”.     

PROFIT TAX AND FIRM MOBILITY IN A THREE‐COUNTRY MODEL

We construct a three‐country model that incorporates international relocation by imperfectly competitive firms and examine both the effects of each country's profit tax reduction on the consumption and welfare of all countries, and the incentive for the countries to decrease the profit tax. In such a model, both the terms of trade and international relocation of firms offer the key to understanding the impacts of one country's profit tax policy. In particular, we note that the relocation of firms from the other two countries is positively related to the wage incomes of the third country through a shift in labour demand, and the terms‐of‐trade improvement is not only positively related to the wage incomes, but also negatively related to profit incomes through a shift in world consumption demand. We show that (i) in a three‐country world economy, regardless of the reduction's source, the profit tax reduction of each country leads to relocation of firms away from foreign countries toward its own economy and deteriorates the terms of trade of its economy and (ii) this becomes a ‘beggar‐thy‐neighbour’ policy in the sense that it lowers the welfare of the other foreign countries.     

HUMAN CAPITAL: DETERIORATION AND NET INVESTMENT

The current practice in national accounting is to exclude from national product investment in schooling and on-the-job training, except for direct costs of schooling which are included in consumption. Foregone earnings, which form the major part of investment in human capital, go unrecorded.
Much is to be gained in consistency and analytical clarity by treating human capital like physical capital in national accounting. Estimating the amount of foregone earnings net of deterioration, that is, net investment, is a step in this direction.
Using the framework of the life-cycle hypothesis of earnings, and assuming declining-balance deterioration of human capital, estimates of deterioration rates in respect of American males by race and education level are computed for 1960. Every such d is, however, the minimum consistent with the respective costs and benefits profile. Hence an upper limit d is assumed. The model generates for each costs and benefits profile and in respect of either d , a year-by-year series of net investment in human capital. These are used to obtain two estimates (which turn out to be close to each other) of aggregate net investment in American white males in 1960. On the basis of these estimates, aggregate net investment in human capital is found to be about equal to net investment in physical assets (including consumers'durables).
It is also found that the Denison method of estimating the contribution of the increase in human capital to economic growth understates this contribution by a ratio approximately equal to net investment in on-the-job training to returns to human capital. This was about 16 percent in 1960.     

PATTERNS OF INTRA-INDUSTRY TRADE AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN AGRO-FOOD PRODUCTS: IMPLICATIONS FOR EAST-WEST INTEGRATION

MOCT-MOST: Economic Policy in Transitional Economies -     

外商群体投资(FGI)、外向配套与地方经济发展——以浙江省为例

以昆山为例,对外商群体投资、外向配套与地方经济发展的关系进行了定性与定量分析。通过Granger因果检验和两个回归模型的对比分析发现,在一定程度上,外商群体投资是影响地方外向配套的原因,外商群体投资对地方经济的影响是通过外向配套来进行的。其政策含义是地方政府如果不能在外商群体投资与内资企业间建立一个有效的联系通道,则外商群体投资并不能有效地促进地方经济的发展。     

江苏省外商直接投资(FDI)时空演变及区位决策因素

1990年代以来,江苏省实际利用FDI增长迅速。随着时间的推移,FDI的利用方式、来源国或地区、行业分布都发生了较大的变化。FDI的利用在苏南、苏中、苏北之间以及县(市)之间存在显著的空间差异,借助经济计量方法,对空间差异形成因素进行了探讨,主要包括区位因素、经济因素、劳动力因素、积聚因素和对外开放程度等。     

转型期中国对外直接投资地域分布特征解析:基于制度的视角

转型期中国对外直接投资(Outward Foreign Direct Investment,OFDI)地域分布特征不能被传统OFDI理论所解释。中国OFDI存量高度集中于避税地,地域分布格局偏离发展中国家常规,主要投资地中政治风险较高国家偏多。引入制度理论对中国OFDI地域分布特征进行解释。转型期制度约束与制度缺失是中国OFDI高度集中于避税地的重要原因,企业通过投资避税地来规避制度约束或进行制度套利;国有企业OFDI动机的双重性以及政府的政策倾斜弱化了地理距离、文化距离、经济距离及政治风险等常规因素对国有企业OFDI区位选择以及中国OFDI地域分布的影响;中国企业的非市场能力支持了它们对政治风险较高国家的投资。     

TECHNICAL PROGRAESS AND INVESTMENT: A VINTAGE MODEL*

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the optimal investment decision of the firm with a vintage production function. First, the optimal conditions for the investment and replacement permitting jumps in the state variables are derived. Second the effects of exogenous parameters on investment are examined and the following new results are obtained: (1) whether a rise in the current money wage increases or decreases investment depends crucially on the time profile of the existing plants; (2) a rise in the rate of technical progress reduces investment.