Playing God? the Performance of Appraisal

The authors argue here that work on performance appraisal suffers form a narrow theoretical perspective and a variety of methodological limitations. the narrow theoretical base appears as a consequence of the treatment of performance appraisal within a largely neo-human relations perspective. More recently, however, a critical debate on appraisal has emerged. In order to further this debate, we analyse performance appraisal from the contrasting perspectives of labour process theory and the writings of Michel Foucault. This analysis points to a number of limitations of both mainstream work on appraisal and more recent critical studies. From this, we argue that though appraisal can be seen as a means of manufacturing consent among employees, it should not necessarily be seen as a zero-sum game solely benefiting management groups. At the same time, however, appraisal must be viewed within the wider context of other forms of performance management, surveillance and accountability. Finally, we note that while labour process and Foucauldian perspectives help to contextualise and critique work on appraisal, both are limited by a lack of attention to human agency.     

Performance appraisal and culture: practice and attitudes in Hong Kong and Great Britain

This article compares the practice of and attitudes towards performance appraisal for managerial and professional staff in Hong Kong and Britain, and considers the extent to which actual practice and employee preferences are in alignment. Findings suggest that appraisal may be more widespread in Hong Kong than in Britain. However, British appraisal tends to be more participative and to place greater emphasis on discussing objectives, development and career plans. Hong Kong appraisals appear to be more directive and Hong Kong respondents perceive a higher level of 'negative' appraiser behaviour. In spite of this, Hong Kong respondents show if anything slightly more confidence in the utility of appraisal than do British respondents. They show stronger support for appraisal's use for reward and punishment and less support for the objectives-setting and training and development uses than do the British sample. Hong Kong respondents are more likely than their British counterparts to favour involving a more senior manager in appraisal, and they are less likely to prefer more frequent appraisals. There was little evidence that Hong Kong respondents had a stronger preference for group-based appraisal criteria, although they did show more support than the British sample for the use of personality as a basis for appraisal. Overall, the suggestion is that appraisal has been adopted in Hong Kong organizations but that the practice of appraisal has been adapted to suit the cultural characteristics of the society.     

知识员工绩效考核方法的探索

知识员工的绩效考核方法应适于知识员工的绩效特征。绩效考核方法可根据考核结果受考核者决策影响程度的不同,分为主观考核法与客观考核法两类。每一种主、客观考核法在知识员工的绩效考核中各有利弊且考核的侧重点各异。今后的研究可以将重点放在探索一种结合主观考核法与客观考核法优势的绩效考核方法,或者尝试将一种主观考核法与一种客观考核法有机结合,以实现对知识员工科学、高效地绩效考核。     

设计单位绩效考核研究

本文结合设计单位的特点,对设计单位绩效考核的方式选择、考核点的设置及考核时间的安排,提出了设计单位的绩效考核的思路和注意的问题,对现阶段设计单位绩效考核提供了有益的探索。     

Looking Forward to Performance Improvement: A Field Test of the Feedforward Interview for Performance Management

This study examines the effectiveness of the feedforward interview for improving the job performance of employees relative to a traditional performance appraisal interview in a business equipment firm. Managers (n = 25) were randomly assigned to one of two conditions. Employees (n = 70) who engaged in a feedforward interview with their manager were observed by an anonymous peer to perform significantly better on the job four months later than employees (n = 75) who received the company's traditional performance appraisal interview. The finding that the feedforward intervention increased performance relative to the performance appraisal indicates that the effect is a relatively enduring one. The results suggest that the feedforward interview should prove useful for human resource managers who are searching for ways to increase the performance of their organization's human resources over and above the traditional performance appraisal. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

医院职工绩效考核方案探讨

医院职工绩效考核是医院全面建立科学的现代管理制度、实现医院战略目标的重要手段。本文阐述了医院绩效考核的意义,对医院职工绩效考核方案在制定过程中需要考虑的要素,及内容方面所要囊括的重要事项进行了研究和探讨。     

What's Wrong With Performance Appraisals? A Critique and A Suggestion

Keith Grint, who is a Fellow in Organizational Behaviour at Templeton College, Oxford, offers a critical evaluation of performance appraisal systems. He argues that the traditional criticism of appraisals – their subjectivity – leads to a fruitless search for ever more objective appraisal criteria that are illusory. the consequence need not be that appraisals should be abandoned but they should be treated much more sceptically and reflexively. In particular, he suggests, there are strong arguments for supplementing traditional downward appraisals of subordinates with upward appraisals of superordinates.     

Practical Reason and Performance Appraisal

This paper examines responses of chairs of university departments to the news that they would be required to conduct a formal performance appraisal system. It is suggested that in order to understand resistance to appraisal we need to reject explanations invoking polarized antinomies – formal/informal, rational/political – and interrogate the concept of rationality. Drawing on MacIntyre's work, the paper examines the concept of practical reason to make sense of the chairs' responses and considers its relevance for understanding management and change in universities.     

Doing it for themselves? Performance appraisal in project‐based organisations,the role of employees,and challenges to theory

We explore performance appraisal in project‐based organisations and provide novel insights into appraisal processes in this context. These include the central role of employees in orchestrating the appraisal process, the multiple actors that have input to appraisal including project managers, the distance between employees and their official line managers, and the weak coordinating role of human resource specialists in these systems. We draw attention to the drawbacks of current theorising on appraisal to predict and explain outcomes from appraisal systems that are not premised on stable line manager/employee dyads. Theorising based primarily on social exchange theories needs to be reconsidered in this context and new theories developed. We also question how human resource specialists can better support employees, and managers of all kinds, in their implementation roles in polyadic human resource management systems to ensure transparency, equity, and fairness of appraisal processes in a project‐based organisational context.     

Wage Differences Between Men and Women: Performance Appraisal Ratings vs. Salary Allocation as the Locus of Bias

This article explores the nature and origins of wage differences between men and women in the context of a single large financial services organization. Data collected on 800 women and 1831 men showed that modest wage differences do exist and that they tend to be concentrated primarily in managerial levels. Two possible sources of bias in evaluation were assessed – performance appraisal ratings and the translation of performance appraisal ratings into salay. Our analyses showed that performance appraisal ratings, on average, do not differ between men and women at the same level; however, the relationship between performance appraisal ratings and salary was stronger for men then women, particularly at higher levels. This suggests that the salary allocation process, and not the performance appraisal process, may be the source of bias in large organizations.     

基于团队的人力资源绩效考核与管理策略

当今人力资源管理理论正在不断地发展,而绩效考核与管理作为人力资源管理中的核心事宜,其当前更是得到了较为广泛的关注。通过对部分企事业单位人力资源绩效考核与管理状况进行分析可以发现,绩效考核与管理进程存在着一些明显不足,在其相关因素的影响和作用下,一系列不足也演变为了具体的绩效考核与管理问题。基于团队的人力资源绩效考核与管理带有一定特殊性,论文对相应问题进行分析,并就如何在团队视角下进行人力资源绩效考核与管理提出合理建议。     

Performance Distributions: Measuring Employee Performance Using Total Quality Management Principles

There have been numerous criticisms of traditional performance appraisal systems made by Total Quality Management (TQM) advocates. This article describes a performance appraisal and management system that addresses many TQM concerns about appraisal systems. The Performance Distribution Assessment method (PDA) explicitly considers system versus person sources of performance variation and provides a means for developing “targeted” performance and quality improvement programs. The literature regarding the development and validity of the PDA method is reviewed, and the compatibility of this appraisal system with quality management principles is discussed.     

模糊聚类在项目管理绩效评价中的应用研究

根据项目管理绩效评价的目的与要求,提出了基于模糊聚类分析的开放、动态的评价模型,阐述了其研究思路与框架。通过宏观与微观、定性和定量的分析与评价,完善了绩效评价指标体系,为实施有效的项目过程分析、预测与决策、控制与调整等提供客观的依据。     

基于突变级数法的钢铁企业环境绩效评价

环境是影响企业经济活动的重要因素,应将其纳入到战略管理和经营决策中去,钢铁企业作为高碳排放、高能耗、高污染的代表尤应如此。借鉴国内外环境绩效评价标准,结合国内钢铁企业生产实践,从源头投入、末端排放、综合利用、关联管理四个方面构建了钢铁企业的环境绩效评价指标体系,并运用突变级数对指标进行耦合,建立了环境绩效评价突变模型,减少了人为对指标赋予权重的主观性,提高了评价模型的科学性。     

基于绩效工资改革下高职院校绩效考核评价体系探索

本文就高职院校绩效考核现状及存在的问题进行了剖析,提出了相应的绩效考核评价体系,健全了绩效考核反馈机制。以国家骨干高职院校深圳信息职业技术学院专任教师为例,把企业专家和一线技术工程人员纳入绩效考核的主体设计中并建立了绩效考核模型及绩效考核反馈机制流程,使绩效考核真正能调动教职工主动性并激发其潜能,增强高职院校的办学活力和竞争力。     

自我监控、互惠机会与考核目的对绩效评价结果的影响 ——一项准实验研究

绩效考核是人力资源管理的重要工作,考核结果出现偏差是绩效评价常见的问题。从评价者人格特质和考核情境因素入手,分析评价者的心理过程和行为表现,为理解考核结果偏差提供了新的视角。以学生评教准实验模拟绩效评价活动,数据分析表明:评价者自我监控水平、评价者和被评价者之间的互惠机会、评价目的对评价结果有独立的显著影响;自我监控水平和互惠机会、自我监控水平和考核目的、自我监控水平、互惠机会和考核目的对评价结果有交互影响;高自我监控水平的评价者,在有互惠机会和管理性考核时,有更多的高评行为。研究证实了评价者人格特质和考核情境因素对考核结果的主效应和交互效应,对指导绩效考核实践有一定的价值。     

新型会计制度下公立医院的绩效考核研究

我国公立医院作为单位的社会成员角色,要求其在日常运行中能够做到合理的绩效考核工作,并且依靠科学合理的绩效考核大力支持医院内部提高各个部门的工作效率,提升医生群体专业技术能力。当前,随着我国新型会计制度的相关政府文件的逐步落实,需要对公立医院的绩效考核重新进行研究。基于此,论文着眼于新型会计制度下的公立医院现存的绩效考核进行相关分析研究,结合当前考核体系存在的问题提供相对应的解决方案。     

Performance appraisal: dimensions and determinants

Abstract

Using a sample of Spanish establishments in the manufacturing sector, this article analyses the determinants of the dimensions of performance appraisal. The dimensions examined are performance measures, who evaluates performance and frequency. The results show that the degree of autonomy of the workforce affects positively the use of subjective criteria. It is also more likely that performance appraisal is carried out by the supervisor in the presence of teams and internal promotions. Regarding the explanation of the frequency, teams affect negatively this dimension of performance appraisal.     

绩效考核问题探讨

绩效考核是提高绩效的重要工具。绩效考核是晋升、奖励和培训的依据。然而在现实中,很多单位的绩效考核都成了"走过场",在考核的过程中没有规范进行,从而没有把绩效考核的作用发挥出来。因此,需要对我国企事业单位的绩效考核工作进行分析、并设定科学的绩效考核体系。     

J公司绩效考核体系研究

员工做为企业的重要组成部分之一,其本身不仅需要依靠企业的生产资料来获得劳动报酬目的,而且也要通过履行个人责任,建立个人与企业之间的忠诚关系来参与企业运转。本文基于绩效考核的相关理论,以J公司为主要研究对象,深入分析了该公司现行绩效考核系统的现状及所暴露出的问题,有针对性的开展绩效考核体系优化,并从多方面提出了绩效考核实施和保障措施,为其他同类企业的相关工作提供有力参考。