中国土地资源与可持续利用

本文重点分析了中国土地资源的特点、开发现状和问题、开发利用潜力，以及２１世纪中国土地开发的形势与任务，并提出有关土地可持续利用的对策与建议     

土地资源可持续利用之我见

土地资源可持续利用之我见周诚＂土地资源可持续利用＂，实际上就是＂土地的永续高效利用＂。它具有宏观、中观和微观的意义。就宏观而言，中华民族必须在９６０万平方公里的土地上生活、繁衍、世代相继，土地是我们的衣食住之源，生存、发展之本；扩而大之，全世界的人类...     

循环经济与土地资源的可持续利用

我国土地资源的严峻形势迫切要求土地的可持续利用。循环经济作为一种新的经济发展模式,运用循环经济“减量化、再使用、再循环”的理念指导土地利用总体规划修编、生态园区建设、新经济核算体系建立、生态退耕和土地整理复垦,可以节约和集约用地,提高土地质量,从而保证土地资源的可持续利用。     

河北省土地资源利用动态与可持续利用对策

43年间,河北省耕地已减少114．64万hm^2,耕地减少速度加快。土地资源利用面临的问题有：人地矛盾日益突出、耕地质量偏低、土地利用不够充分、水土流失严重、土地生态环境有恶化趋向等。为了实现可持续利用,应运用现代农业科学技术,发展产业化及高科技农业,提高土地利用率,因地制宜,合理安排农、林、牧、渔用地比例,积极推进土地整理。     

珠海市土地资源可持续利用研究

分析了珠海市土地利用的现状和主要问题;提出在区域开发过程中,应依法加强土地监测与管理、深入土地管理制度改革,合理调整土地利用结构,以保障土地资源的可持续利用。     

珠江三角洲土地资源可持续利用研究

本文在结合珠江三角洲地区经济发展特点对其城市化和工业化中所出现的土地利用问题进行深入分析的基础上，从经济发展模式、土地利用主体行为因素、制度因素、市场因素等方面对珠江三角洲地区土地资源的非持续利用现状进行了原因剖析，并从土地资源可持续利用的动力机制出发，进一步探讨了珠江三角洲地区土地资源可持续利用的调控思路和调控策略。     

大连市土地资源可持续利用评价

在对大连市土地利用现状进行分析和分区基础上,对该区土地资源可持续利用水平进行评价,结果显示,大连市土地可持续利用总体水平属于弱可持续阶段,耕地数量减少等6项因子成为制约总体水平提高的最显著的障碍因素;提出控制耕地数量减少,实现总量动态平衡的建议措施。     

土地资源可持续利用管理机制思考

国务院下发的《国务院关于深化改革严格土地管理的决定》,从土地制度、机制、权益、调控、三农问题、保护基本农田、市场整顿、管理职责等方面,提出了一系列严格土地管理的重大措施;并揭示了目前土地资源管理存在的深层次问题及其解决方式。从可持续发展的要求出发,今后土地资源的管理,应贯彻“十分珍惜、合理利用土地和切实保护耕地”的基本国策,引用市场机制,利用价值规律;提出了转变伦理观念、运用价格机制、建立可持续利用的核算体系、建立储备机制和外部补偿机制等措施。     

广东省土地资源可持续利用探讨

分析了当前广东省土地利用中存在的耕地减少、土地利用率不高、土地退化等问题及其主要原因,提出了广东省土地资源可持续利用的主要对策,包括开源与节流相结合;控制人口数量、防治土地退化;提高土地质量、加强土地管理,加大投入、改变人们土地利用的观念。     

旅游地土地资源可持续利用探讨

随着旅游业的迅猛发展,旅游开发追求片面的经济利益,导致旅游地土地资源的利用出现诸多问题;旅游地土地资源可持续利用是指能够持续满足旅游业发展及当地社会发展的土地生产力和景观环境需要的土地利用,调查土地资源、进行土地利用规划、加强土地用途管制和公众参与是旅游地土地资源可持续利用的对策。     

The relationship between land use and groundwater resources and quality

Groundwater has three major roles in our environment: providing the baseflow that keeps most rivers flowing all year long, maintaining good river water quality by diluting sewage and other effluents, and as an excellent source of water supply, providing over 75 per cent of the potable supply in some regions. Groundwater is intimately connected with the landscape and land use that it underlies, and most of the landscape and is vulnerable to the anthropogenic activities on the land surface above. Land use affects groundwater resources through changes in recharge and by changing demands for water. Inappropriate land use, particularly poor land management, causes chronic groundwater quality problems. Acute groundwater quality problems are common and arise from unsuitable land use and control, notably through point sources of hazardous chemicals. Current land use instruments have only been designed to address quality issues in groundwater and do not consider recharge. These instruments have been largely ineffective in protecting groundwater from diffuse pollution for several reasons including fragmentation, their general absence of teeth, and their lack of integration into the land use planning system. This paper argues for a more radical approach which would zone land according to its overall vulnerability and resilience to anthropogenic and climatic influence in order to sustainably support the ecosystem services it can deliver. Land use would be matched with the vulnerability of the soil, with geology and water, and with the whole ecosystem. The Water Framework Directive offers a mechanism to do this, but there is no evidence of enough political will to tackle the long-term conflicts between land use and groundwater.     

土地利用规划中土地利用空间结构和布局研究进展

土地利用空间结构和布局是土地利用规划工作中的关键所在,是决定土地利用规划是否科学合理的重要步骤;开展土地利用空间结构和布局优化研究有利于促进土地资源利用的集约高效,有利于新一轮的土地利用规划修编的编制和实施;综述了目前我国土地利用空间布局相关理论的研究进展,回顾了土地利用空间布局所采取的主要技术和手段,对我国土地利用空间结构和布局研究进行了展望;研究表明：我国土地利用空间布局理论研究有了长足进展,但还未形成严密的科学理论体系;在研究视角上,多注重耕地和基本农田保护,在“统筹兼顾”“以人为本”“理性发展”等方面应加强;在研究方法上,应加强现代数学模型与计算机空间模拟等方法在土地利用规划布局中的应用研究,加强参与式土地利用规划理论和方法研究,与传统的规划研究方法和手段相结合,形成客观、准确、科学的土地利用规划技术体系。     

The relationship between land use and surface water resources in the UK

Land use and water resources are inextricably entwined. The need to protect the quantity and quality of water resources can impact potential land uses and land management practices, while water availability is a pre-requisite for land uses requiring irrigation. Land use and land management changes impact on water resources for example through changes in catchment yields, infiltration rates, dissolved organic carbon and nutrient transfers. While there is no absolute shortage of water resources across the UK as a whole, spatial and temporal variations already result in water stress across much of the south and east of England during dry summers. In the future, water stress is expected to become more widespread in response to population growth, increasing environmental protection and climate change. Surface water quality is reported to be improving at present, though there are doubts as to the adequacy of the monitoring coverage. Climate change is likely to adversely affect surface water quality, with less dilution in summer and more extreme rainfalls in winter leading to increased erosion and pollution. To conserve usable water resources, land uses which increase evapotranspiration or rapid runoff should be discouraged, particularly in the south and east, and there need to be continuing efforts to maintain good chemical water quality in rivers and groundwater. Water resource constraints will limit opportunities to use irrigation as a counter to climate change, and will influence where irrigated production can be located.     

荒地资源持续利用研究

荒地资源的持续利用应该考虑采用不同于传统资源开发的模式与思路：指出荒地资源开发中自然生态环境的退化是开发中遇到的最大的问题;对荒地资源开发中这些问题的出现进行了经济学分析．指出需求拉动、市场缺乏、价格扭曲、外部性未内化、产权不明晰及缺乏认识和短视行为等因素是荒地资源配置效率低下．引发生态环境退化的重要原因;对荒地资源价格进行估算．依据边际社会成本（MSC）定价法．指出荒地资源价格包括边际私人成本和边际环境成本两部分．并分别对剩余法、替代成本法和贴现率的选择进行了探讨．指出贴现率选择对于生态环境退化是至关重要的．提出了荒地资源持续利用的思路与模式。     

河北省农业土地资源持续利用研究

分析了河北省农业土地资源利用中存在的主要问题及其成因．提出了农业土地资源持续利用的对策和措施。     

县级土地利用总体规划修编的若干思考--以招远市为例

针对县级土地利用总体规划的性质和编制的指导思想,认为招远市上一轮总体规划的实施对建设用地指标管理不完善,不注重耕地质量上的平衡,与城镇总体规划在用地上的衔接力度不够,土地利用分区不尽合理,用途控制难于实现;提出新一轮土地利用总体规划修编要完善建设用地指标管理,确保耕地总量稳中有升,要合理分解规划控制指标,注重与城镇规划的衔接,明确土地用途分区。     

充分利用土地资源推动社会主义新农村建设——德州市以渔改碱情况调查

本文介绍了德州市以渔改碱取得的显著成效及对荒碱涝洼地综合开发和利用的主要模式,分析总结了以渔改碱的经验和做法,提出了对荒碱涝洼地综合开发和利用的建设性意见,为农民增收、农业增效、农村稳定和社会主义新农村建设提供有益的借鉴。     

The connection between fisheries resources and spatial land use change: The case of two New England fish ports

This study examined interactions between targeted fish populations, aspects of the fishing industry and land use changes along two ports in New England. By tracking changes in land uses over a two-decade period using parcel level data and geographic information system (GIS) tools, we examined the relationship of changes in species biomass, landings and other fishing industry variables to community spatial change. Using logistic regression models we assessed the impacts on essential infrastructure for continued fishing industry activity. Our findings have implications for land use policy that should accompany efforts being made to rehabilitate fish stocks; it should ensure that current marine infrastructure will remain in place to support the fishing industry if and when species rebound. Our models show that in New Bedford Harbor, the larger of the two ports, increasing scallop biomass (considered a long-term factor) is associated with the increase of marine-related land uses. In Provincetown Harbor, short-term factors, such as value and volume of fish landings as well as stock sizes, influence land use change. These findings suggest that the smaller port (Provincetown) is more vulnerable to market conditions and therefore in need of greater land use controls to prevent the conversion of marine-related uses. We propose some directions for further research and present the methodology used as one that can be applied to research questions of a similar nature.     

Methodology to calculate the carbon footprint of household land use in the urban planning stage

The growing concerns of climate change require implementing measures to quantify, to monitor and to minimize greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Nonetheless, most of the measures available are not easy to define or execute because they rely on current emissions and have a corrective character. To address this issue, a methodology to characterize GHG emissions that allows implementing preventive measures is proposed in this paper. The methodology is related to household urban planning procedures and considers urban infrastructures to characterize GHG emissions and to execute preventive measures based on sustainability design criteria. The methodology has been tested by applying it to a set of medium-sized municipalities with average GHG emissions from 6,822.32 kgCO_2eq/year to 5,913.79 kgCO_2eq/year for every residential unit. The results indicate that the greatest pollutant source is transport, especially in the issuance of street network design, followed by gas and electricity consumption. The average undevelopable land area required for the complete GHG emissions capture amounts to 3.42 m² of undevelopable land for every m² of urbanizable land and 9.02 m² of undevelopable land for every m² of built land.