城市快速公交系统风险分析及安全管理——基于系统脆弱性的视角

随着近年来各类城市快速公交系统(BRT)安全事故频发、重发,城市快速公交系统(BRT)公共安全问题日益引起社会的广泛关注。脆弱性是突发事故灾难形成的基本原因之一,城市快速公交系统(BRT)作为开放性的动态复杂巨系统,系统脆弱性特征明显。从系统脆弱性理论出发,对城市快速公交系统(BRT)的内部不稳定性、高度敏感性及难以复原性等进行分析,针对系统的公共特征、变化特征及封闭特征提出加强内部稳定性、减少外部干扰、针对重点人群进行防范等安全管理建议。     

分析广州快速公交系统建设

在分析快速公交系统基本要素的基础上,结合国内外成功经验,提出广州快速公交系统的定位。肯定广州快速公交系统的积极作用在于短期内缓解大城市交通拥挤问题,提出其隐患在于该系统与城市土地的合理利用的矛盾、与其它公交方式的合理衔接、技术保障能否实现等。     

基于FTA的快速公交系统运营风险研究

近年来,快速公交系统的建设速度及数量逐年递增,为使其运营达到预期目标,需要找出导致运营失败的关键因素。采用故障树分析方法,根据快速公交系统的特点,建立快速公交系统运营风险因素模型,通过求解底事件的结构重要度,确定各因素对运营失败的影响程度,提出相应的控制措施。结果可为其他准备建设快速公交系统的城市提供借鉴,对项目的成功运营具有一定指导意义。     

武汉市快速公交系统建设现状及启示

本文简要介绍了武汉快速公交系统建设现状并对其进行评价,通过搜集国内典型城市快速公交的建设状况,分析其优势,总结出一些可供借鉴的经验,最后对武汉市快速公交建设提出一定的建议与对策。     

生态位视角下的中小城市常规公交系统建设适宜度评价

当前对于常规公交系统建设中所采用的线性增长指标是否能较好地贴合一个城市内公交系统的发展水平,在建设评价的过程中没有得到明确体现。同时中小城市公交系统相较于大城市有其自身的发展特点,为确保公交系统建设与城市发展相匹配,文章引入生态学的相关原理,将公交系统视作一个“活”的生态体系,结合其生态学特征,运用生态位理论,从自然质量、社会经济和综合效益三个维度,构建中小城市公交系统建设适宜度评价指标体系,并提出基于生态位适宜度理论的公交系统建设适宜度评价方法。对我国56个中小城市的公交系统建设适宜度进行计算和分类,分析不同城市公交系统建设的差异性,结果表明：公交线路、线网长度和固定资产投资等指标表现出较高的重要性;自身的建设标准仍是决定性因素,但需要与城市发展相匹配,不能忽视城市经济水平、人口需求等在公交系统建设发展中所起到的作用。     

经济欠发达城市如何应对快速城市化——巴西库里蒂巴的经验与启示

巴西库里蒂巴(Curitiba)人口规模从1970年的100万增长为2010年的200万。在这一过程中,库里蒂巴成功地应对了人口规模爆发式增长过程中可能产生的"城市病",被联合国选为"最适合人类居住的城市":公交系统好、垃圾管理好、环境保护好。研究发现,这主要依赖三大关键城市问题的解决方案:快速公交系统计划、绿色空间计划和绿色交换计划。这对我国同样处于经济发展水平较低且面临人口规模快速增长的大量中小城市而言,有着重要的借鉴参考意义。     

南宁环城高速公路构建CRT系统的可行性探讨

城市快速运输系统CRT(City Rapid Transit)的思路来自近年来快速公交系统BRT(Bus Rapid Transit)的发展,作为一种全新的运输模式,文章对南宁外环高速公路与南宁绕城高速公路构建CRT系统的可行性进行探讨,为提升环城高速公路的效能,促进城市交通发展提供一些创新思路。     

城市公交动态客流统计技术研究

随着城市经济的快速发展,急剧增加的机动化出行需求,使得城市交通环境状况日益恶化,为解决这一状况,最直接、最有效的途径就是大力发展公共交通。公交客流的采集统计方法对公交系统的建设与管理起着至关重要的作用,文章致力于借鉴和总结其他地方的先进统计技术,找到适合于城市发展的公交客流统计技术,以便更合理、有效地调度有限的城市公交资源。     

无线城域网下智能公交系统的设计和实现分析

随着我国城市化规模的不断壮大,城市人口数量剧增,城市交通问题日益严重,道路拥堵情况更是备受关注。公交作为市民出行的主要交通工具,其重要性不言而喻,对现有的公交系统进行智能化处理,能够有利改善当前交通堵塞问题。因此,通过对无线城域网下智能公交系统的设计和实现进行探讨分析,希望能够为相关工作提供一定的参考作用。     

BRT系统在昆明市的适用性及建议

随着我国城市化进程的不断加快,城市交通问题已经成为影响我国经济发展的一个瓶颈。为了满足城市建设的发展,需要积极发展城市交通事业,特别是要大力推进BRT快速公交系统的发展。文章以此为背景,对BRT系统在昆明地区的适用性进行了分析,并提出了昆明市BRT系统的建设建议,在推进昆明城区BRT系统的应用方面具有指导意义。     

高速铁路接触网的研究

高速铁路是当今世界铁路发展的潮流,随着经济技术的发展和交通运输的激烈竞争,高速铁路以其独特的优点被许多国家作为大力研制和重点发展的目标,高速铁路和客运专线接触网是高速铁路牵引供电系统和铁路客运专线的主体和关键。论文在以讨论和辨证高速铁路接触网的弓网关系上,进行了深入的研究,同时也总结了抑制普通铁路接触网发展的主要原因。对比性的将普通接触网与高速接触网进行了阐述,具有针对性的概括与研究。     

合肥市快速公交系统(BRT)换乘架构设计研究

快速公交系统(BRT)是一种融合了先进的公交技术、公交运营新观念和管理技术于一体的系统。这个系统可以提供先进的运输服务,相当于快速轻轨运输系统。本文从合肥市应用BRT解决公共交通问题的实际需求出发,对该系统的换乘架构进行设计分析,为更好的BRT系统提供参考。     

Public transit bus procurement: The role of energy prices,regulation and federal subsidies

The U.S. public transit system represents a multi-billion dollar industry that provides essential transit services to millions of urban residents. We study the market for new transit buses that features a set of non-profit transit agencies purchasing buses primarily from a few domestic bus makers. In contrast with private passenger vehicles, the fuel economy of public buses has not improved during the last thirty years and is irresponsive to fuel price changes. To understand these findings, we build a model of bus fleet management decisions of public transit agencies that yields testable hypotheses. Our empirical analysis of bus fleet turnover and capital investment highlights the role of energy prices, environmental regulations, and the “Buy America” mandate associated with receiving federal funding to purchase public transit buses.     

潮州市公共交通线网组织优化研究

公共交通系统中各方面组织工作得以实施的基础,是线网的合理布局与优化,属于公共交通静态组织的范畴,在整个公共交通组织中它的作用是十分关键的。本文首先对公交线网组织优化进行简单的概述,接着对公交线网组织优化现状进行综述及针对性的评述,最后就潮州市公交交通线路组织中应注意的问题进行分析。通过文章的具体论述,希望对现实工作具有一定的指导意义。     

基于多智能体的公交线网动态优化系统阐述

随着我国城市化建设不断加快,道路交通拥堵问题也日益严重。为解决城市交通问题,国家加大了城市公共交通发展力度。城市公交的快速发展虽在一定程度上缓解了交通压力,但也带来了多线路公交车运行区间重叠等问题。多线路公交车运行区间重叠易造成交通资源的浪费,也会使车辆碰撞等安全事故的发生几率上升。因此,在加大力度发展城市公共交通的同时,还需要寻求科学合理的公交线路调度方法,通过对相关技术手段与科技产品的运用提高公交车到站的准点率,有效降低重叠运行区间车辆串车率,为市民的出行提供方便。论文基于相关的理论、技术与经验提出一种基于多智能体的公交线网动态优化系统,对系统的原理、构成、功能等进行分析论述,以供参考。     

Nontechnological innovation in urban transit: A comparison of some alternatives

Transit alternatives, including conventional technology used in innovative ways, are compared on the basis of full costs (capital and operating costs plus user time costs). Bus wagon jitneys are estimated to have lower full costs than conventional buses for short-haul, low-density residential collection or inner-city circulation, particularly at higher travel time values. Rail rapid transit has much higher full costs than express bus for suburban CBD commuters. Rail's much higher capital and operating costs buy virtually identical user time costs for the entire commuter trip.     

Non-user preference for improvements,and attitude towards future use of a bus system

This study was designed to determine transit non-user preferences towards improvements of the bus system in the Milwaukee area. The study was undertaken at the time when the bus system was still privately owned. Pare increase, reduction of service and decline in ridership has been the path, for the private system, to stay in operation. Public acquisition of the system was being contemplated at the time of the study and was finally consummated in July of 1975, when Milwaukee County acquired the system.A questionnaire was distributed by mail to four study areas in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The study areas all had existing bus service; however, their population constituted a majority of non-users for work trips. The study queried the non-user of the “most desired improvement,” instead of the use of a preference scale to assess the need for improvements, and to measure the impact of improvements on ridership.This study concluded that a potential market does exist amont non-users-approximately 40% being likely to use an improved system. In addition, a systematic relationship does exist between the areas of residence and the respondent's major preference in system improvement, giving rise to a desired improvement profile in each area.The study has also explored the factors which contribute to the willingness of the commuter to change mode and use an improved bus system.     

城市轨道交通车体运用计划编制模型研究

对城市轨道交通车体运用计划编制的约束条件进行分析,建立了以接续时间和维修时间最少为目标函数的数学模型。采用模拟退火算法得出最佳的车体运用计划,并结合实例进行验证。     

Multiple Temporalities of Policy Circulation: Gradual,Repetitive and Delayed Processes of BRT Adoption in South African Cities

In 2006, bus rapid transit (BRT) swept across South African cities. Within three years of learning of the Bogotá model of BRT, Johannesburg's Rea Vaya opened, followed shortly by Cape Town's MyCiTi, while several other cities are at various stages of planning and implementation. This article traces the circulation of BRT across the South African urban context to expose the multiple and varied temporalities through which BRT came to appear as the only available solution. These earlier encounters, which include the first published discussion of BRT in South Africa in a 1973 conference report, study visits to Curitiba in the 1990s and a failed attempt to implement a Bogotá‐style BRT system in Cape Town in 2003, were instrumental in creating a fertile ground for later adoption practices. While it may appear as if circulated policies shorten the gestation time from policy introduction to policy adoption, these repeated attempts to implement circulated innovations ensure that the turnover only seems accelerated. This article unravels the story of BRT adoption, departing from the theoretical discussions of the policy circulation process as a rapid phenomenon, instead demonstrating that it is gradual, repetitive and at times delayed.