我国净资本监管与投资银行风险行为研究

本文运用3SLS方法,实证分析了2008年净资本监管新规以来我国上市投行的在净资本监管约束下的资本调整和风险承担行为。研究发现,上市投行按照"风险-资本"相适应的总体原则开展经营活动,总量性净资本监管指标对投资银行风险管理起到了正面的引导作用,但结构性指标却与政策预期相反,资本相对不足的投行通过承担较大的风险获取较高收益的形式来增加资本。因此,监管层需要进一步优化设计净资本监管指标体系。     

信托公司净资本监管体系评价及改进建议

中国银监会已于2010年9月正式颁布了《信托公司净资本管理办法》(以下简称《办法》)。《办法》以净资本管理为核心对信托公司进行整体风险监管和控制是监管部门对信托公司监管模式的一次有效突破,有利于加强信托公司规模控制、强调信托公司主动资产管理功能和丰富风险监管手段等。但新出台的《办法》在实践和操作过程中可能存在信托公司利用净资本监管套利、业务结构集中化趋向、经营机构差异化管理、资本补充机制建立等方面的潜在缺陷和问题,需要立足以信托公司净资本管理为核心和强化风险管理的理念,从完善净资本管理的整体功能的系统视觉,对政策性监管工具重新改进和强化,进一步增强信托公司内生管理动力,促进其健康和持续发展。     

我国证券业资本监管与国际银行业资本监管的比较与借鉴

摘要：2006年以来,在借鉴巴塞尔资本协议等国际经验并结合我国实际情况的基础上,我国对证券公司实施了以净资本为核心的风险监管制度．建立了证券公司业务范围和规模与净资本动态挂钩的资本约束机制,有效抵御了此次国际金融危机对我国证券行业的冲击。此次国际金融危机暴露出巴塞尔资本协议存在重大缺陷,因此有必要将其与我国证券公司资本监管制度进行比较,分析相同与不同之处,并借鉴国际金融危机后巴塞尔资本协议的改革趋势,为下一步完善我国证券公司资本监管制度提供有益帮助。     

我国证券业净资本监管效果分析

本文介绍净资本监管制度在我国的实践历程,分析净资本监管对我国证券业的监管效果,得出对资本水平提升与风险水平降低有显著作用,对投资与业务结构影响尚不显著的结论,并对产生的原因进行了分析。     

美国证券交易委员会对券商净资本监管修正案的解读

2003年11月6日．美国证券交易委员会（SEC）公布了针对1934年证券交易法案中关于监管净资本要求的修订征求意见稿。2004年6月21日正式颁布修正案。宣布于2004年8月20日生效。SEC对券商净资本监管修正案标志着证券监管部门对券商监管资本的要求与巴塞尔委员会对银行的监管资本要求已趋于一致。应该说。关于券商监管是否采用与银行监管资本需要一致的争论已基本结束．     

银行创新资本工具会计处理研究

金融危机以后,监管机构对银行监管资本进行了重新定义和划分,以加强资本对损失的吸收能力,优先股、永续债、二级资本债券等作为合格的创新资本工具重要性日益凸显。创新资本工具本身具有＂似股似债＂的特性,给会计确认及后续管理带来挑战。本文依据财政部《金融负债与权益工具的区分与相关会计处理规定》,抓住创新资本工具会计分类这个核心问题,重点探讨了到期日、股息支付、回购选择权、可减记或可转股等条款对分类结果的影响,进而分析了披露列报、每股收益计算等问题,最后从银行管理的角度提出了加强创新资本工具会计管理的意见和建议。     

非金融机构支付服务信用评级及指标体系初探

随着第三方支付市场的不断发展,越来越多的非金融机构开始面向社会大众提供支付服务。自2010年9月1日《非金融机构支付服务管理办法》正式实施以来,已有269家非金融机构取得《支付业务许可证》,获准开展相关支付业务。与传统金融机构相比,非金融机构在资本规模、内部组织架构、资金管理水平、风险控制和合规意识、技术管理水平等方面仍存在较大差距,但它们的支付服务创新意识较强且业务转型较为灵活,新型支付产品或服务层出不穷,同时业务风险也逐渐积聚。正因如此,针对非金融机构支付服务的监管措施和监管手段还需要进一步充实和更新。从信用评级的视角,分析采用信用评级手段对非金融机构支付服务进行监管的必要性和可行性,同时设计非金融机构支付服务信用评级指标体系,力求对现有的监管措施加以丰富和扩充。     

商业银行会计监管与资本监管冲突根源及化解策略

2008年全球金融危机证实,商业银行执行目标冲突但捆绑在一起的会计监管和资本监管制度组合在金融市场中产生负面效应。这促使G20华盛顿、伦敦、匹兹堡3次峰会关注"会计准则是否助推了金融危机的升级和扩散"问题。虽然这一问题也引起了学术界关注,但未见系统性研究文献。我国会计监管和资本监管制度与国际趋同,相关问题可能一定程度上存在。本文研究商业银行会计监管与资本监管冲突根源、两者捆绑实施的负面效应、化解策略以及我国相关问题。本研究对监管机构设计应对冲突问题的策略有一定参考价值。     

会计集中核算型国库集中支付制度探析

<正>会计集中核算型国库集中支付制度指将国库集中支付制度与会计集中核算制度有效融合,使得财政资金的拨款、支付、核算等环节的监管一体化,解决了单一制度下对财政资金监管"一条腿走路"的情况,增强了政府的宏观调控能力。会计集中核算型国库集中支付实施的具体情况如何?哪些地方需要完     

证券业净资本监管规则国际比较

本文从国际视角介绍净资本监管规则,首先介绍美国、日本、中国台湾等三种典型的净资本监管办法;其次介绍了三种典型的净资本计算方法;最后将我国净资本监管规则从计算方法与监管办法两方面进行了国际比较,为进一步完善我国监管规则打下基础。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.