中国宏观经济和金融总量的非线性研究

本文以变化相对温和的非线性指数平滑转移ESTAR模型为基础对1952-2008年间中国宏观经济和金融总量进行线性检验,采用KSS非线性单位根检验方法探究其动态特征,并利用KSS非线性协整方法进一步考察非平稳总量间的动态关系。结果发现本文检验的9个总量序列全部表现为非线性,其中7个总量表现为非线性平稳,而实际人均GDP和就业人数2个总量则具有单位根,且二者之间不存在非线性长期稳定均衡关系。     

我国总产出波动中的动态结构变化度量与检验——基于1952-2005年经济周期的实证研究

文章运用多种参数稳定性检验方法研究我国总产出的动态变化路径,发现我国总产出序列具有明显的结构变化特征,获得了我国总产出的结构变化点估计.在此基础上,文章采用具有内生结构变化点的单位根检验方法,结合我国宏观经济运行事实,对我国1952-2005年总产出的动态特征进行了研究,结果发现总产出是围绕多个结构变化点的分段趋势平稳序列,并且准确地给出了自1952年以来的总产出结构变化时间.总产出服从分段趋势平稳过程的结论,对宏观经济运行预测、政策主导下的长期经济发展战略和短期经济稳定措施是否有效,提高宏观管理政策水平以及总产出与其他总量间因果关系的研究具有重要启示.     

中国金融发展与经济增长的再思考:基于变量结构变化的多元VAR分析

近年来,学者们开始认识到研究变量间关系时考虑经济中结构变化的重要性.本文采用结构断点单位根检验对我国银行发展、股市发展和经济增长的季度指标进行了研究,发现所有指标均为围绕着多个结构断点的分段趋势平稳.进而,本文采用多元Near-VAR分析了消除趋势后的指标间的因果关系,结果显示在样本期内,银行发展已经成为经济增长的一个源泉,而股市发展对经济增长的促进作用很弱.脉冲反应和预测方差分解亦证实了上述结论.股市发展的替代度量指标是分段趋势平稳以及股市发展尚未成为我国经济增长源泉的研究结论对于实施政策主导下的长期股市发展战略和短期股市稳定政策具有重要启示.     

中部塌陷、金融弱化与中部崛起的金融支持

本文从分析中部地区经济与金融发展的现状入手,探究中部地区经济增长瓶颈以及金融弱化之间的关系,并运用中部六省的省级数据,通过面板数据单位根检验、协整检验与误差修正模型,对中部地区金融发展与经济增长总量、产业结构优化以及城镇化水平之间的长期关系和短期关系进行了研究。结果显示,中部金融发展与经济增长具有长期的均衡关系,金融发展能够为中部崛起提供有利的支持,但在短期则无明显关系。在此基础上,提出了实现中部崛起与金融发展的路径选择与政策建议。     

中国资本形成与经济增长的动态相关性——基于协变模型的实证分析

文章根据1952～2005年的样本数据,利用带有结构突变的单位根检验方法和协变模型判定了我国国内生产总值和资本形成总额时间序列均是带有一次均值突变的趋势平稳过程,证实了我国经济增长与资本形成之间存在着同期协变关系;并利用脉冲响应函数、方差分解以及动态相关系数研究了中国经济增长和资本形成间的动态相关性.最后,文章在此分析基础上得出了主要结论,并提出相应的政策建议.     

中国股票市场与经济增长关系的实证分析

在股票市场与经济增长有关理论的基础上，以我国股票市场为代表并以股票综合指数和实际GDP数值为研究对象，选取1991—2006年的股票练合指数和GDP的季度时间序列数据进行单位根检验和Granger因果关系检验，得出结论：股票综合指数与GDP之间具有单整而非协整关系；短期内二者只存在由股票指数到GDP的单向Granger因果关系，长期内具有双向的Granger因果关系：中国股票市场具有弱型有效性。     

浙江省能源消费与经济增长的动态关系

利用1985—2009年浙江省能源消费总量和国内生产总值的时间序列数据,采用单位根检验、协整检验、格兰杰因果关系检验,并利用脉冲响应函数、方差分解分析方法,对浙江省能源消费与经济增长之间的因果关系、动态关系以及定量关系进行了研究。研究结果表明:浙江省能源消费与经济增长之间存在从经济增长到能源消费的单向因果关系;经济增长的较小波动会对能源消费产生持续的影响。     

河北省金融发展与经济增长关系实证研究

研究河北省金融发展与经济增长的关系,对于更好地完成十二五规划有重要意义。本文选取2003年到2013年的时间序列数据,运用单位根检验、约翰森协整检验和格兰杰因果检验进行实证分析。研究发现,河北省金融发展与经济增长之间不存在格兰杰因果关系。     

河北省金融展与经济增长关系实证研究

研究河北省金融发展与经济增长的关系,对于更好地完成十二五规划有重要意义.本文选取2003年到2013年的时间序列数据,运用单位根检验、约翰森协整检验和格兰杰因果检验进行实证分析.研究发现,河北省金融发展与经济增长之间不存在格兰杰因果关系.     

基于非平稳面板数据的生产函数估计

文章应用最近发展的非平稳面板数据的单位根和协整检验方法来估计地区生产函数,研究结果表明我国的地区宏观经济变量都是非平稳的面板数据,并且各个变量之间存在面板协整关系,同时对生产函数估计的结果也和经济理论比较一致。     

Unit roots and structural breakpoints in China’s macroeconomic and financial time series

This paper applies unit-root tests to 10 Chinese macroeconomic and financial time series that allow for the possibility of up to two endogenous structural breaks. We found that 6 of the series, i.e., GDP, GDP per capita, employment, bank credit, deposit liabilities and investment, can be more accurately characterized as a segmented trend stationarity process around one or two structural breakpoints as opposed to a stochastic unit root process. Our findings have important implications for policy-makers to formulate long-term growth strategy and short-run stabilization policies, as well as causality analysis among the series. __________ Translated from Economic Research Journal (经济研究), 2006, (1) (in Chinese)     

‘I’ve been to Bali too’ (and I will be going back): are terrorist shocks to Bali's tourist arrivals permanent or transitory?

International visitor arrivals to Bali are examined using univariate and panel Lagrange multiplier (LM) unit root tests with one and two structural breaks to ascertain if shocks to the time path of tourist arrivals are permanent or transitory. The univariate LM unit root tests with one and two structural breaks fail to reject the null hypothesis of a unit root in international visitor arrivals to Bali. However, the panel LM unit root tests with one and two structural breaks applied to a panel of Bali's 11 major source markets reject the null and support the alternative hypothesis of a joint trend-stationary series with transitory shocks. This result suggests that, the effects of the recent terrorist acts on Bali on the growth path of tourist arrivals from major markets are only transitory and that as a consequence Bali's tourism sector is sustainable in the long run.     

Is there a unit root in the inflation rate? New evidence from panel data models with multiple structural breaks

In this article, we examine whether or not the inflation rate for 17 OECD countries can be modelled as a stationary process. We find that (1) conventional univariate unit root tests without any structural breaks generally reveal that the inflation rate contains a unit root; (2) the KPSS univariate test with multiple structural breaks reveals that for 10 out of 17 countries inflation is stationary; and (3) the KPSS panel unit root test reveals strong evidence for stationarity of the inflation rate for panels consisting of countries which were declared nonstationary by univariate tests.     

Are business cycles stationary fluctuations around a deterministic trend? Empirical evidence from 79 developing countries

There is a large literature that tests the univariate time series properties of the real output series following the seminal work of Nelson and Plosser (1982). Whether or not real output is characterized by a unit root process has important implications. A unit root in real output, for instance, is inconsistent with the notion that business cycles are stationary fluctuations around a deterministic trend. In this paper, we investigate the univariate time series properties of real output for 79 developing countries using the conventional augmented Dickey and Fuller (1979) unit root test, the Zivot and Andrews’ (1992) one structural break unit root test, and the Lumsdaine and Papell (1997) two structural breaks unit root test. Our main finding is that, for 40 countries, real output is stationary around a trend. This indicates that business cycles are stationary fluctuations around a deterministic trend for only 51% of the developing countries in our sample.     

Structural change and foreign direct investment: globalization and regional economic integration

This paper investigates flows of inward and outward foreign direct investment (FDI) and FDI-to-GDP ratios in a sample of 62 countries over a 30 year time span. Using several endogenous structural break procedures (allowing for one and two break points), we find that: (1) the great majority of the series have structural breaks in the last 15 years, (2) post-break FDI and FDI/GDP ratios are substantially higher than the pre-break values, and (3) most breaks seem to be related to globalization, regional economic integration, economic growth, or political instability. Static and dynamic panel-data analyses accounting for and/or addressing endogeneity, simultaneity, nonstationarity, heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence show that FDI is negatively related to exchange rate volatility and GDP per capita, but positively related to some regional integration agreements, trade openness, GDP, and GDP growth. Most notably, the European Union is the only regional economic integration unit found to consistently have significant and positive effects on FDI.     

STRUCTURAL BREAKS AND UNIT ROOTS IN AUSTRALIAN MACROECONOMIC TIME SERIES

Abstract.  We examine the unit root properties of 16 Australian macroeconomic time series using monthly data spanning the period 1960–2004. In addition to the standard Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test, we implement one- and two-break endogenous structural break ADF-type unit root tests as well as one- and two-break Lagrange multiplier (LM) unit root tests. While the ADF test provides relatively little evidence against the unit root null hypothesis, once we allow for structural breaks we are able to reject the unit root null for just under half of the variables at the 10% level or better.     

Per capita output convergence across Asian countries: Evidence from covariate unit root test with an endogenous structural break

This study investigates long-run convergence of per capita output across ten Asian countries over 1960 to 2014 by taking advantage of possible economic growth determinants, which may be responsible for setting Asian countries on a long-term steady-state growth path. We simultaneously examine the presence of output convergence in the region, as well as the statistical significance of these economic growth determinants, by using a unit root test with a stationary covariate. In addition, the study allows for the presence of endogenous structural changes in the time series under investigation in order to capture sharp drops in per capita outputs, which may be brought about by influential economic events, such as serious economic slumps in domestic economies or the global financial crises in 1997–98 and 2008–09. The limiting distribution of the covariate unit root test that permits structural breaks is also derived. The results show significant evidence to support the convergence hypothesis. In particular, asymptotically absolute convergence holds among Hong Kong, Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan. In addition, Thailand shows a convergence tendency in terms of asymptotically relative convergence toward Singapore. Malaysia, Indonesia, and India also turn out to converge toward Hong Kong in an asymptotically relative sense. Certain potential growth determinants, such as the trade/GDP ratio, inflation rate, government expenditure/GDP ratio, and quality of human capital, may help these countries achieve and maintain the long-run convergence process toward the reference countries in the region.     

Bayesian model averaging and identification of structural breaks in time series

Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) is used for testing for multiple break points in univariate series using conjugate normal-gamma priors. This approach can test for the number of structural breaks and produce posterior probabilities for a break at each point in time. Results are averaged over specifications including: stationary; stationary around trend and unit root models, each containing different types and number of breaks and different lag lengths. The procedures are used to test for structural breaks on 14 annual macroeconomic series and 11 natural resource price series. The results indicate that there are structural breaks in all of the natural resource series and most of the macroeconomic series. Many of the series had multiple breaks. Our findings regarding the existence of unit roots, having allowed for structural breaks in the data, are largely consistent with previous work.     

进口的经济增长效应——基于趋势突变的协整检验分析

当时间序列存在结构突变时,会降低单位根检验和协整检验的检验势.通过对进口对于经济增长的影响作用进行实证分析,可以得到进口没有发挥出应有的促进经济增长的作用;结构突变理论比较适合于研究转型期的中国经济问题的结论.