改革以来我国经济波动与消费、投资及进出口关系的协整分析

根据协整检验和误差修正模型,利用我国1979～2003年的年度国民经济统计数据,分析了我国经济波动与消费、投资及进出口之间长期稳定的动态均衡关系和短期的波动关系.研究结果表明,消费和投资是影响我国经济波动的两大主要力量,进口和出口对我国经济波动的影响不大,净出口对我国经济波动的影响不明显.     

经济波动、区域差异与货币改策效应非对称性基于中国1984-2009年数据的实证分析

本文基于对货币政策与经济波动关系的理论分析,采用经H-P滤波处理后的产出缺口变量对我国经济波动进行动态度量.考虑到我国经济发展的制度背景,我们引入地方政府投资等变量刻画影响我国经济波动的因素,并分别建立时间序列模型和面板数据模型对货币政策效应在经济周期的不同阶段及在不同区域的货币政策实施效果进行考察.实证结果表明:(1)我国货币政策对实体经济的影响在经济周期的不同阶段存在显著的非对称效应,即在经济扩张时期,无论是扩张性的货币政策还是紧缩性的货币政策对经济波动的影响均大于经济衰退时期货币政策对经济波动的影响;(2)信贷规模在我国的不同区域对经济波动起着显著的推动作用,地方政府的投资行为对经济波动也具有显著的非对称性,即对中西部地区经济波动的影响大于对东部地区的影响.因此,在分析货币政策的最终实施效果时,地方政府投资是一个不容忽视的重要变量.     

基于SVECM的我国经济增长动态效应的实证研究

本文应用结构向量误差修正模型(SVECM),实证分析1990-2008年我国投资、消费、进出口对经济增长的动态效应.实证结果显示:消费对经济的短期和长期冲击均高于投资和进出口,消费对投资冲击大于投资对消费冲击,消费和投资未产生相互挤出效应;经济波动以消费为主,世界经济波动对我国经济波动显著增强.     

地方政府投资与我国宏观经济波动关系的实证研究

针对当前文献在研究我国宏观经济波动的影响因素时主要从需求或供给角度入手而很少考虑地方政府投资因素的缺陷,本文选取1978年至2008期间的相关数据,以地方政府投资等因素为控制变量,重,占'从考察宏观经济变量间相互关系的角度,研究影响我国经济波动的主要因素;为使数据更为精确,采用HP滤波法对数据进行处理;并采用Granger因果检验方法和向量误差修正模型,从短期冲击和长期均衡两方面较全面地考察我国经济波动的内在规律.     

湖南经济增长与消费、投资、出口的长期均衡和短期波动关系

利用协整技术分析了湖南消费、投资、出口与经济增长的长期均衡与短期动态关系.在协整检验的基础上,建立了各变量之间的长期均衡关系模型.并通过自回归模型和误差修正模型,对各变量之间的长期和短期因果关系进行了Granger检验.研究结果表明,投资与湖南经济增长之间存在显著的长短期因果关系,因此保持投资的持续稳定增长是湖南经济增长的最重要的宏观经济政策.     

经济波动、区域差异与货币政策效应非对称性——基于中国1984-2009年数据的实证分析

本文基于对货币政策与经济波动关系的理论分析,采用经H-P滤波处理后的产出缺口变量对我国经济波动进行动态度量。考虑到我国经济发展的制度背景,我们引入地方政府投资等变量刻画影响我国经济波动的因素,并分别建立时间序列模型和面板数据模型对货币政策效应在经济周期的不同阶段及在不同区域的货币政策实施效果进行考察。实证结果表明:(1)我国货币政策对实体经济的影响在经济周期的不同阶段存在显著的非对称效应,即在经济扩张时期,无论是扩张性的货币政策还是紧缩性的货币政策对经济波动的影响均大于经济衰退时期货币政策对经济波动的影响;(2)信贷规模在我国的不同区域对经济波动起着显著的推动作用,地方政府的投资行为对经济波动也具有显著的非对称性,即对中西部地区经济波动的影响大于对东部地区的影响。因此,在分析货币政策的最终实施效果时,地方政府投资是一个不容忽视的重要变量。     

中国信贷市场利率与经济波动:2004-2010

本文基于VAR和VEC模型对我国信贷市场利率与经济波动的关系进行实证分析。研究结果表明:(1)投资、消费对于信贷市场利率的冲击处于负的脉冲响应,投资的响应更显著。投资、消费对信贷市场利率的影响非常有限。(2)投资波动对产出波动起主要作用;产出对投资波动和消费波动的影响程度有限;(3)信贷市场利率与投资、消费、产出之间存在长期均衡关系。基于这些分析结论,文章提出若干政策建议。     

东亚国家（地区）经济周期比较分析（1965-2004）

本文采用Burns and Mithcell（1946）的定义，对东亚十国经济周期的持续性、振幅等特征以及各国经济增长和物价指数波动之间的谐动进行了分析，结果发现：（1）各国（地区）经济波动的持续时间相差不是很大，但振幅大小不一，而且都是非对称的；（2）相对于实际GDP而言，东亚各国（地区）的消费和物价指数的波动幅度较小，政府支出、固定资产投资以及进出口的波动幅度较大，而货币供给的波动大小不一；（3）除了印度尼西亚的固定资产投资和台湾地区的出口可能是顺周期也可能是逆周期外，我们可以近似地认为，东亚国家（地区）的各个经济指标都是顺周期的；（4）对于东亚各国（地区）而言，经济波动是个人消费、政府支出和物价指数的Granger原因，所以它们是经济增长的滞后指标，而对于其它指标没有一致的结论；（5）东亚国家（地区）之间实际GDP波动和物价指数波动的相关性都在逐渐加强，这说明东亚各个国家（地区）之间经济增长的内在关联程度不断提高。     

政府投资对民间投资的影响效应——基于中国经济的实证研究北大核心CSSCISSCI

本文从经济学理论出发,运用1998-2013年的季度数据,建立了可变参数状态空间模型,分析了政府投资、广义货币供应量、工业品销售产值、国内生产总值、税收对民间投资的动态影响。研究结果表明:政府投资对民间投资的影响因宏观经济波动而发生变化。政府大规模、长时期的扩张性财政政策和货币政策会对民间投资兼具短期拉动作用和长期挤出作用,这种挤出作用表现为政府对信贷资源的挤占。然而,在政府稳健财政政策和货币政策作用下,政府投资对民间投资具有拉动作用然后保持稳态。应发挥政府财政投资对民间投资的引导作用和调节作用,在经济波动时期为民间投资输血造血,提高民间投资的边际产出,减少税收,并在经济运行良好时及时退出。     

中国和台湾地区经济波动的实证研究

本文利用ARCH类模型对中国和台湾地区的实际GDP增长率的波动进行了实证分析,结果表明,中国实际GDP增长率的波动有ARCH效应,并且GARCH模型拟合效果最好,而台湾地区实际GDP增长率的波动没有ARCH效应。这表明中国经济波动率是变化的,实际GDP的增长率是对称的,而台湾地区的GDP的波动率是不变的。     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

The deliberation around accounting techniques: accounting for depreciation and foreign exchange in an Indian jute company, 1870-1900

This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.     

Pricing Dynamic Insurance Risks Using the Principle of Equivalent Utility

We introduce an expected utility approach to price insurance risks in a dynamic financial market setting. The valuation method is based on comparing the maximal expected utility functions with and without incorporating the insurance product, as in the classical principle of equivalent utility. The pricing mechanism relies heavily on risk preferences and yields two reservation prices - one each for the underwriter and buyer of the contract. The framework is rather general and applies to a number of applications that we extensively analyze.     

International harmonization of Japanese accounting standards

Historically, Japanese accounting standards have been quite distinct from International Accounting Standards (IASs) which have been perceived as being modelled on British-American accounting standards. However, in the 1990s, after the publication of E32 in 1989 and the IASC-IOSCO Agreement in 1995, the Business Accounting Deliberation Committee (BADC), the standards-setting body in Japan, has pursued a policy of harmonization with IASs. Accounting standards relating to consolidated financial statements of companies that make cross-border offerings of securities or operate worldwide are being revised drastically. This paper focuses on the development of international accounting harmonization and its impact on Japan.     

Commodity financialization and sector ETFs: Evidence from crude oil futures

We investigate the diversification benefits of energy assets in the setting of commodity financialization using data on crude oil futures and Sector ETFs (SPDRs). Correlations between commodities and financial assets increased during the post-Commodity Futures Modernization Act (CFMA)/commodity bull cycle period, resulting in lower benefits of diversification. However, we find that conditional correlations between crude oil futures and sector ETFs meaningfully increased only since the 2008–09 financial crisis. The results therefore suggest that the financial crisis, rather than CFMA regulation, explains changes in the diversification benefits of commodities. Moreover, we find that oil futures returns are less correlated with SPDRs than with the S&P index. Thus, energy futures, and crude oil in particular, offer the potential for diversification benefits in sector-style investing.     

Multiple Dimensions of Accounting in the Development of GAAP

The phrase 'accepted accounting principles' underlying financial statements is a forerunner of today's accounting standards. Here, it is argued that history shows that the term 'principles' is often most vague in debates on the development of those standards. The reasons for and consequences of that vague use are varied and complex. This article provides insights not highlighted in earlier analyses of the periods reviewed. While debates like the rule- versus principle-based standards are set up as two-dimensional, the many dimensions of accounting often allow argument to be easily diverted. The debate/argument thus remains unresolved. For progress to be achieved in the establishment of accounting standards the many dimensions of accounting must be acknowledged and attempts to divert debate minimized. Those with a stake in the development of accounting standards need to consider the total scene of the related accounting. In a particular debate, dimensions under scrutiny must be stated, with any others in that total scene being acknowledged even if kept constant.     

Life Insurance Policies with Statistical Heterogeneous Population

In the paper we consider an endowment insurance contract with a twelve months maturation time. Using the majorization order and Schur-convex functions we derive upper and lower bounds of the premium, the death and survival benefits for a hetrogeneous population of insureds. The bounds are obtained for the exponential, Balducci, and linear approximations.     

＂Differences＂are the Biggest Obstacle

China has the greatest numbers of both teachers and students worldwide ,who teach and learn English. Therefore ,to analyze the obstacles of learning English for Chinese is necessary. This article gives the idea of differences between Chinese and English mainly in languages and cultures fields. Through these we can see clearly that ＂differences＂ are the biggest obstacle in language learning.     

Aims and Scope

正The focus of the China Journal of Accounting Research is to publish theoretical and empirical research papers that use contemporary research methodologies to investigate issues about accounting,finance,auditing and corporate governance in China.the Greater China region and other emerging markets.The Journal also publishes insightful commentaries about     

英美“新批评”文论的重新审视

新批评是一个在二十世纪影响重大的文学批评流派,它与形式主义、结构主义文论,一起支撑起文本批评的理论与实践基石。但历来人们对其评价都多少有些偏颇,本文力图更客观地审视其理论。本文也初步得出新批评与形式主义在理论根基上的相异之点。