投资移民的冷思考

<正>"在浩瀚的太平洋上,撒落着无数璀璨的明珠",电影《大撒把》中的经典台词为18年后的中国新一轮移民潮做了最富戏剧性的预测和描述。在中国已成为世界最大移民输出国之后,钱包鼓起的新富阶层和知识精英开始寻找新的"明珠",宽阔的太平洋已无法阻挡新一轮投资移民热潮的涌动。     

城市新移民住宅消费保障探析

关注以农民工为主体的城市新移民在城市的居住问题,为他们在城市的住宅消费提供保障,为他们营造一个良好的生活环境,能消除农民工聚居地在治安、安全等方面的隐患,有利于维护社会公平和安定,有利于城市化的健康持续发展,也是建设和谐社会的重要内容。本文首先对相关研究进行了综述,并对城市新移民的概念进行了界定,然后对城市新移民的居住状况、城市新移民住宅消费保障的现实意义进行了分析,最后提出了相关的对策建议。     

市场转型时期农村迁移女性的职业地位获得--对五城市流动人口移民社区的研究

在大规模流动到城市的农村人口中,女性占到了一定比例,并且因为其性别特征而成为一个备受关注的迁移群体.利用调查数据并结合个案的分析,发现女性在迁移过程中,其进入的职业地位比男性稍高,在就业机会上与男性趋同,甚至表现出了比男性还要强的竞争优势,从而可能使女性在家庭的迁移决策中处于一种主导地位.在收入上性别之间仍然存在一定差距,但相对来说女性已经处于一种比较良好的状态了.迁移对农村女性来说是职业地位获得的一个契机.     

市场转型时期农村迁移女性的职业地位获得——对五城市流动人口移民社区的研究

在大规模流动到城市的农村人口中 ,女性占到了一定比例 ,并且因为其性别特征而成为一个备受关注的迁移群体。利用调查数据并结合个案的分析 ,发现女性在迁移过程中 ,其进入的职业地位比男性稍高 ,在就业机会上与男性趋同 ,甚至表现出了比男性还要强的竞争优势 ,从而可能使女性在家庭的迁移决策中处于一种主导地位。在收入上性别之间仍然存在一定差距 ,但相对来说女性已经处于一种比较良好的状态了。迁移对农村女性来说是职业地位获得的一个契机。     

三峡库区待迁移民的搬迁态度及其影响因素

考察了以往三峡移民研究中被忽略的一个侧面———待迁移民对搬迁所持有的态度及其影响因素。目前大部分待迁移民在搬迁的实际与预期存在一定的差距。其中 ,待迁移民对搬迁的经济衡量具有最为显著的正向作用 ,政策宣传影响及社会资本评价也具有一定的正向影响 ,户口性质在其他因素相同情形下有较大的负向作用。提出了建立态度引导机制的相关建议     

Rethinking the area approach: Immigrants and the labor market in California

A framework that uses a Constant Elasticity of Substitution (CES) production function with skill differentiation and integrated national labor markets has predictions for the employment effect of immigrants at the local level. The employment (rather than wage) response to immigration by skill in a state reveals the production substitutability-complementarity between native and immigrant labor. This, in turn, reveals the degree to which immigrants stimulate or depress the demand for native labor. To estimate this elasticity, I use a novel instrument based on demographic characteristics of total Central American migrants or of the Mexican Population to predict immigration by skill level within California. Looking at immigration to California between 1960 and 2005 these estimates support the assumption of a nationally integrated labor market by skill and they support the hypothesis that natives and immigrants in the same education-experience group are not perfectly substitutable. This explains the counter-intuitive fact that there is a zero correlation between immigration and wage and employment outcomes of natives in the state.     

三峡库区待迁移民的搬迁态度及其影响因素

考察了以往三峡移民研究中被忽略的一个侧面--待迁移民对搬迁所持有的态度及其影响因素.目前大部分待迁移民在搬迁的实际与预期存在一定的差距.其中,待迁移民对搬迁的经济衡量具有最为显著的正向作用,政策宣传影响及社会资本评价也具有一定的正向影响,户口性质在其他因素相同情形下有较大的负向作用.提出了建立态度引导机制的相关建议.     

三峡外迁农村移民社区适应现状研究——来自江苏省大丰市移民安置点的调查

三峡外迁移民是一个特殊的边缘、弱势群体。通过对江苏省大丰市移民安置点的考察,从社区生活环境、人际关系、生产劳动方式、风俗习惯描述了外迁移民社区适应状况,分析了影响移民社区适应的主体因素,提出了针对性的建议。     

论非营利组织在水库移民后期扶持中的作用

水库移民后期扶持系统的组织结构包括政府、企业、非营利组织。其中,非营利组织以其特有的组织优势,在提供社会服务、化解社会风险、保障移民权益、增进移民整合、提升社会资本存量、促进移民社会发展等方面发挥了重要作用。     

我国水库移民后期扶持研究述评

我国的水库移民后期扶持研究始于上个世纪80年代初,经过十年的酝酿,这一领域逐渐进入学者的视线,如今随着政府政策的进一步推进,它已经成为多学科研究的一个热点问题,主要集中在后期扶持方式、后期扶持资金筹集和管理、后期扶持监测评估以及三峡移民后期扶持方面。目前该研究取得了很大的成绩,但是也存在着重实践轻理论、政策评估的技术和手段不成熟、研究视角不全面等问题。今后我们应在构建本土后期扶持理论的基础上展开实证研究,积极探索水库移民后期扶持的策略与具体方法。     

The Making of Entrepreneurs in Germany: Are Native Men and Immigrants Alike?

This paper uses a state of the art three-stage estimation technique to identify the determinants of the self-employed immigrant and native men in Germany. Their making is surprisingly alike. Employing data from the German Socioeconomic Panel 2000 (GSOEP) release we find that self-employment is not significantly affected by exposure to Germany or by human capital. But this choice has a very strong intergenerational link and it is also related to homeownership and financial worries. While individuals are strongly pulled into self-employment if it offers higher earnings, immigrants are additionally pushed into self-employment when they feel discriminated. Married immigrants are more likely to go into self-employment, but less likely when they have young children. Immigrants with foreign passports living in ethnic households are more likely self-employed than native Germans. The earnings of self-employed men increase with exposure to Germany, hours worked and occupational prestige; they decrease with high regional unemployment to vacancies ratios. Everything else equal, the earnings of self-employed Germans are not much different from the earnings of the self-employed immigrants, including those who have become German citizens. However, immigrants suffer a strong earnings penalty if they feel discriminated against while they receive a premium if they are German educated.     

上海外来人口生存状态与社会融合研究

中国的城市化过程极为特殊,主要表现在城市人口中形成了一个庞大的外来人口(或农民工)集团。试图提出一个新的城市化模型解释中国城市化的这一特殊性,并为打通中国城市化推进的瓶颈、解决庞大外来人口集团在城市的社会融合问题提供政策思路。以上海为例,考察了改革开放以来城市外来人口的增长趋势、外来人口在城市的居住、就业“生态”及其在社会生态金字塔中的“生态位”。外来人口在城市的生存状态相对恶化,与城市居民之间的“城乡”差异呈扩大趋势,在一定程度上已影响社会稳定。据提出的城市化新模型和对上海外来人口生存状态的实证结论,从宏观角度提出了中国推进社会融合、建设和谐社会的政策思路。     

Self-Employment Among Immigrants in Sweden – An Analysis of Intragroup Differences

This paper examines intragroup differences in self-employment within different immigrant groups and the native population in Sweden with the help of 1990 Census data. Intragroup differences are observed among all the groups. The study shows that differences in self-employment rates between individuals with different educational attainment exist for some of the immigrant groups. For immigrants from Southern Europe and non-European immigrants as well as for natives, the propensity for self-employment is lower among individuals with higher education. Furthermore, the study also shows that there are intragroup differences defined by gender and point in time for immigration. Finally, the study observes small differences in self-employment earnings within the different immigrant groups.     

上海外来人口生存状态与社会融合研究

中国的城市化过程极为特殊,主要表现在城市人口中形成了一个庞大的外来人口(或农民工)集团.试图提出一个新的城市化模型解释中国城市化的这一特殊性,并为打通中国城市化推进的瓶颈、解决庞大外来人口集团在城市的社会融合问题提供政策思路.以上海为例,考察了改革开放以来城市外来人口的增长趋势、外来人口在城市的居住、就业"生态"及其在社会生态金字塔中的"生态位".外来人口在城市的生存状态相对恶化,与城市居民之间的"城乡"差异呈扩大趋势,在一定程度上已影响社会稳定.据提出的城市化新模型和对上海外来人口生存状态的实证结论,从宏观角度提出了中国推进社会融合、建设和谐社会的政策思路.     

Use of Bank and Nonbank Financial Services: Financial Decision Making by Immigrants and Native Born

This study examines the joint decisions made by immigrant and native‐born families about whether or not to have a bank account and to use nonbank financial services (NBFS ). Immigrant families, especially those from Mexico or other Latin American countries, have a higher probability of using NBFS than native‐born families, regardless of their banking status. Residing in concentrated ethnic enclaves or being a US citizen, however, lowers the probability of using these services. Similarly, native‐born Black and Hispanic families are more likely to use these services than native‐born White families. Our findings support continued efforts to encourage mainstream participation among immigrant and minority native‐born families. Having access to mainstream financial services can help these families establish financial stability and economic mobility. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive study of immigrant families' joint decision making about using NBFS and bank account ownership.     

服务使用与社会融合:香港新移民的一项探索性研究

基于285名香港新移民的问卷调查探索服务使用与社会融合之间的关联.香港新移民在社会融合过程面临一定的困难,具体表现在社会网络、社会参与和社会认同这三个层面.服务使用可以强化新移民的社会认同感,促进朋辈关系网络的建立和功能的发挥,提高参与者的就业能力和经济独立能力,从而帮助他们参与社会、贡献社会和融入社会.提出了相应的政策和服务建议.     

数字化政府与国际贸易

本文利用进出口双方电子政务发展指数作为双方数字化政府发展水平的代理变量,基于168个国家或地区的双边贸易数据首次从实证角度考察了数字化政府对国际贸易的影响及作用机制.结果表明,进出口双方数字化政府对双边贸易产生了显著的正向作用;收入水平越高的国家正向作用越大,主要是由各国配套措施、微观主体效率、贸易结构差异所致;从渠道看,数字化政府主要通过减少信息不对称、促进通关便利化促进国际贸易,并且减少信息不对称渠道作用更明显;对于中国而言,数字化政府促进了出口贸易,但对进口贸易的影响并不显著.中国应加快推进自身数字化政府建设,改善相关互补性条件,从而更好利用国际数字化政府平台提供的贸易便利和丰富信息推动对外贸易高质量发展.     

水工程项目后期扶持的移民参与机制研究

后期扶持是我国解决水工程移民遗留问题的一项特殊政策。移民参与后期扶持既有理论基础,又有法律依据,还有域外实践经验。近年来,库区和移民安置区通过创设移民自治机构、公开政策信息、民主选择项目等途径践行移民参与机制,取得了一定成效,但也面临参与意识不强、能力不足、机制不全的障碍。为了发挥移民参与的效能,必须进一步完善参与法规,培育移民组织,提升参与能力,畅通参与渠道。