基于博弈论的供应链价格与质量决策问题研究

文章建立了一个由单制造商与单零售商组成的两级供应链模型。在完全信息静态博弈、完全信息动态博弈与供应链协同合作三种情况下,分析了供应链的价格一质量均衡：研究发现,在非合作博弈下,制造商与零售商更倾向于完全信息动态博弈：在协同合作情况下．供应链能取得比非合作情况下更大的利润。文章使用Rubinstein讨价还价模型对增加的利润进行了分配。     

基于博弈论的制造商－销售商供应链合作与非合作分析

传统供应链管理理论认为,制造商与销售商作为供应链上的两大组成成员,双方合作对其更为有利。但基于合作与非合作博弈论的相关理论,本文构建了关于制造商一销售商的二级供应链解析模型,提出新的认识：在一定情况下,双方之间采取竞争更为有利。本文并提出了相关对策。     

基于合作博弈下制造商主导的供应链定价决策研究

利用博弈理论,针对制造商主导的供应链,通过建立博弈模型,探讨制造商与分销商的二级供应链的定价决策,即首先通过非合作博弈模型与合作博弈模型比较分析,找出合作博弈模型的缺陷,然后在合作博弈模型的基础上进行两方面的改进:通过设计一个利润分配因子确定定价范围,然后根据讨价还价能力确定最优定价,以及通过引入时间因素,与线性函数结合起来确定最优价格以及市场需求量。最后通过实例来进一步验证定价模型的可行性。     

基于合作博弈下制造商主导的供应链定价决策研究

利用博弈理论,针对制造商主导的供应链,通过建立博弈模型,探讨制造商与分销商的二级供应链的定价决策,即首先通过非合作博弈模型与合作博弈模型比较分析,找出合作博弈模型的缺陷,然后在合作博弈模型的基础上进行两方面的改进:通过设计一个利润分配因子确定定价范围,然后根据讨价还价能力确定最优定价,以及通过引入时间因素,与线性函数结合起来确定最优价格以及市场需求量.最后通过实例来进一步验证定价模型的可行性.     

供应链合作伙伴合作满意度的模糊综合评判

根据供应链合作伙伴合作满意度的模糊性特点,构造出以制造商为核心的供应链合作伙伴合作满意度的多因素评判指标体系,建立了制造商对供应链合作伙伴合作满意度的模糊综合评判模型,从而对制造商的供应链合作伙伴所提供服务与合作满意程度进行综合衡量。     

基于集群式供应链牛鞭效应研究

从两条供应链合作的框架下,对集群式供应链的牛鞭效应进行研究探讨。运厨定性和定量相结合的方法分析了集群式供应链的牛鞭效应,且构造了基于产业集群的两条平行供应链在跨链库存互相合作下的系统模型,并通过实例进行计算。     

需求不确定下零售商主导的供应链间价格竞争模式研究

研究了不确定市场需求下两条供应链间的价格竞争,每条供应链均由一个风险中性的制造商和一个风险厌恶的零售商组成,其中零售商是领导者,制造商是跟随者,分析了两条供应链均分散式决策、均集中式决策和一条供应链分散式决策另一条供应链集中式决策三种竞争模式下供应链成员的最优决策,比较了各种模式下的均衡零售价格和期望收益。结果表明,供应链的占优竞争模式选择与市场需求的不确定性和竞争激烈程度有关。     

基于博弈论的制造商——销售商供应链合作与非合作分析

传统供应链管理理论认为,制造商与销售商作为供应链上的两大组成成员,双方合作对其更为有利.但基于合作与非合作博弈论的相关理论,本文构建了关于制造商--销售商的二级供应链解析模型,提出新的认识:在一定情况下,双方之间采取竞争更为有利.本文并提出了相关对策.     

公平关切下闭环供应链差别定价决策

针对零售商和第三方回收商具有公平关切的情形,研究由制造商主导的三级供应链成员及整个系统的差别定价最优决策。分析了零售商以及第三方回收商公平中性和公平关切两种情形的决策模型。研究发现:零售商以及第三方回收商的公平关切行为最终会造成各自利润的损失,并且对整条供应链利润也是不利的,而这样的公平关切行为对制造商来说却是有利的。同时当公平关切程度较弱时,对整条闭环供应链系统是不利的;而当公平关切程度较强时,对整条闭环供应链系统是有利的。     

随机需求下基于增量返利合同的供应链协调

基于单个制造商和单个零售商组成的两级供应链进行研究,比较了分散决策与集中决策对供应链利润的影响,分析了供应链协调的重要性,建立了增量返利激励的供应链合作模型。最后通过数值算例说明了所建立的协同机制可以使分散的供应链系统达到了和集中式供应链系统相同的绩效,系统实现了帕累托的改进,实现供应链成员的利益共享。     

The shale oil revolution and the global oil supply curve

We focus on the implications of the shale oil boom for the global supply of oil. In order to derive testable implications, we introduce a simple stylized model with two producers, one facing low production costs and one higher production costs but potentially lower adjustment costs, competing à la Stackelberg. We find that the supply function is flatter for the high cost producer and that the supply function for shale oil producers becomes more responsive to demand shocks when adjustment costs decline. On the empirical side, we apply an instrumental variable approach using estimates of demand-driven oil price changes derived from a standard structural VAR of the oil market. A main finding is that global oil supply is rather vertical, with a short-term elasticity around 0.05. A rolling sample reveals that the shale oil boom does not appear to have fundamentally changed the contours of global oil production, but there is evidence for the oil supply curve to become more vertical in Saudi Arabia and more price responsive in the United States.     

基于剩余产能补贴的“农超对接”协调研究

"农超对接"中,农户产能不足往往成为超市与其合作的很大障碍,然而,面对不确定的市场需求,保持较高的生产能力对于农户来说存在较大的风险。因此,确定一个合适的生产能力,成为"农超对接"双方要考虑的一个重要问题。本文从供应链管理角度来研究"农超对接"协调问题,基于Mark R等人的产能模型,通过进行相关修改,得到超市可以通过提供适当的剩余产能补贴来激励农户保持一个较高的产能,从而实现供应链利润的改善达到"农超对接"的协调。     

基于JIT的制造商供应链优化模型

JIT思想的主旨是强调生产的无库存与准时,围绕这一思想,将运输商作为供应链上的独立成员,考虑运输商的运输能力、供应商的供应能力、销售商的销售数量等约束以及运输环节诸因素的作用,建立了JIT环境下制造商供应链的优化模型,以实现制造商经营活动的优化,并通过具体的实例说明模型的可行性。     

Managing product lines that share a common capacity base

This paper examines the difficulties of maintaining competitive delivery times on product lines that share a common capacity base. The analysis is derived from a case study of a manufacturing firm producing finished product and service parts at a single plant. A system dynamics simulation model is used to represent production and ordering policies of the firm and its distribution network. Simulation analysis shows that these policies cause demand volatility for the finished product to be converted into supply volatility of service parts, leading to long parts delivery times and loss of service parts market share. To improve the performance of the service parts business, the production of finished product and parts should be decoupled, so the supply of the two product lines becomes independent. The results are discussed for the general multiproduct-line case. A brief report of implementation results is included.     

A multi-objective model for lot-sizing with supplier selection for an assembly system

Lot-sizing with supplier selection (LS-SS) is a fast-growing offspring of two major problem parents in logistics and supply chain management (‘lot-sizing’ and ‘supplier selection’). The model proposed in this paper is an attempt to extend it to an assembly system, by formulating a multi-objective model for an integrative problem of LS-SS for assembly items. The total costs of the system, consisting of purchasing, ordering, transportation, assembly, and holding, is considered the first objective function, while the total reliability of the finished products is considered the second objective function. The decision-maker aims to minimise the total costs while maximising the total reliability. Several constraints of the system (e.g. storage capacity, supplier production capacity) are taken into account. Given the complexity of the model, a heuristic evolutionary algorithm is proposed to solve the model. The results indicate which assembly items to order in which quantities, from which suppliers and in which time periods.     

农产品供应链协调中的期权契约价值研究

通过分析供应链期权机制,建立了农产品供应链协调下的各决策主体的决策模型。基于此模型求得协调状况下供应商的最优价格、产能决策和零售商的最优购买决策。说明了农产品供应链中引入期权机制之后,供应链实现了收益共享、风险共担。     

Capacity Investment under Demand Uncertainty: The Role of Imports in the U.S. Cement Industry

Demand uncertainty is thought to influence irreversible capacity decisions. Suppose that local demand can be sourced from domestic (rigid) production or from (flexible) imports. This paper shows that the optimal domestic capacity is either increasing or decreasing with demand uncertainty, depending on the relative level of the costs of domestic production and imports. We test this relationship with data from the U.S. cement industry, in which the difference in marginal cost between domestic production and imports varies across local U.S. markets because cement is costly to transport over land. Industry data for 1999 to 2010 are consistent with the predictions of the model. The introduction of two technologies to the production set—one rigid and one flexible—is crucial to understanding the relationship between capacity choice and uncertainty in this industry because there is no relationship between these two variables in aggregated U.S. data. Our analysis reveals that the relationship is negative in coastal districts, and significantly more positive in landlocked districts.     

一种考虑供应商转换成本的多期供应商选择模型

为解决供应链中多期多种产品的供应商选择问题,对现有的供应商选择模型进行了改进,综合考虑供应商供应能力、交货提前期等限制,以及供应商转换成本、交易成本和批量库存成本对供应商选择方案的影响,建立了混合整数规划模型,以确定每个时期每种产品的最优供应商选择方案及供应量,并通过实际算例验证了模型的有效性。     

“双循环”新格局下我国跨国制造企业的供应链战略

文章主要研究"双循环"新格局下我国跨国制造企业的供应链战略。考虑当前国家发展战略,我国跨国制造企业全球供应链宜采取双供应链模式。通过对一些典型跨国企业的跨国战略及供应链模式进行分析,再基于已有的理论研究成果和风险共担原理,进一步提出双供应链的优化结构,即"星状"生产模型。"星状"生产模型是由中国本土生产基地和许多海外微型"速度工厂"组成。基于这种双供应链的跨国战略很好地权衡了全球化与响应性两种目标,既能够降低生产成本又可及时响应海外市场。     

4PL模式下基于时间资源调度的供应成本优化研究

订单时间是影响供应成本的主要因素,合理的进行时间资源调度更是供应成本优化的关键所在。现有的第四方物流(Fourth Party Logistics,4PL)路径优化研究只关注物流环节的时间和成本因素,没有与物流上一环节的整合。本文提出将4PL服务拓展到客户的生产环节,在供应商的生产时间窗约束下,构建模型得到生产时间与物流时间的最优组合方案使供应商供应成本最低。最后基于一个实例的分析,验证了该模型能有效帮助4PL为客户提供最优供应方案。