中小企业融资安排新进展与商业银行功能转变

近几年来,金融在支持中小企业发展方面已经取得了实质性进展：贷款总量稳步增加;融资方式有了新的变化;信用担保机构建立并已发挥作用;金融服务水平有所提高。但由于商业银行功能弱化、金融结构调整滞后于经济结构优化等原因仍不能满足迅速崛起的中小企业的融资需求。要解除中小企业融资困境,必须从转变商业银行的五项功能入手。     

Productivity growth and environmental regulations - accounting for undesirable outputs: Analysis of China's thirty provincial regions using the Malmquist-Luenberger index

This paper employs the Malmquist-Luenberger (ML) productivity index to evaluate China's growth in total factor productivity (TFP), incorporating undesirable outputs, during the period from 1989 to 2008. The ML productivity index and its components (technical and efficiency changes) are derived from the directional distance function which gives credit for an increase in good outputs and for reductions in undesirable outputs. The average annual ML productivity growth, accounting for undesirable outputs, is 2.46%, whereas the value of the traditional Malmquist productivity index is 4.84%, showing that the true TFP growth in China is overestimated if undesirable outputs are ignored. We explore the strictness in enforcing environmental regulations and its impact on improvements in ML productivity. The results show that, the enforcement of environmental regulations in China is, in general, far below the levels achieved in the best performing regions, and that the more stringent enforcement of environmental regulations would help to improve ML productivity growth in China.