建设节约型社会——权威如是说

如何建设节约型社会．从国家及北京市政府官员等权威人士在2006北京节能环保高层论坛上的演讲中，我们较为清晰地感受到了政策层面的原则和方向。[编者按]     

Nature as historical protagonist: environment and society in pre‐industrial England

This article compares chronologies reconstructed from historical records of prices, wages, grain harvests, and population with corresponding chronologies of growing conditions and climatic variations derived from dendrochronology and Greenland ice‐cores. It demonstrates that in pre‐industrial, and especially late medieval, England, short‐term environmental shocks and more enduring shifts in environmental conditions (sometimes acting in concert with biological agencies) exercised a powerful influence upon the balance struck between population and available resources via their effects upon the reproduction, health and life expectancy of humans, crops, and livestock. Prevailing socio‐economic conditions and institutions, in turn, shaped society's susceptibility to these environmental shocks and shifts.     

Chinese industrial productivity in an international context

The paper aims to find out and evaluate in an international context the level and growth rate of labour productivity in China's industry. In the course of this investigation it transpired that the data used often in the West, i.e. those of Field et al., lead to results that are rather implausible. However some new official Chinese data imply much more satisfying results. The other aim of the paper is to comment on recent radical changes in Chinese economic policy, in the light of her productivity performance.     

The evolution of an industrial cluster in China

We use two rounds of surveys, taken in 2000 and 2008 in the Zhili Township children's garment cluster in Zhejiang Province, to examine in depth the evolution of this industrial cluster. Firm size has grown on average in terms of output and employment, and increasing divergence in firm sizes has been associated with a significant rise in specialization and outsourcing among firms in the cluster. Although the investment amount needed to start a business has more than tripled, this amount remains low enough that formal bank loans remain an insignificant source of finance. Because of low entry barriers, the number of firms in the cluster has risen, driving down profits and bidding up wages, particularly since the year 2000. Facing severe competition, more firms have begun to upgrade their product quality. By the year 2007, nearly half of the sampled firms had established registered trademarks and nearly 20 percent had become International Office of Standardization (ISO) certified.     

论和谐社会中的电子社区建设

社区是社会的细胞,和谐社会的建设离不开和谐社区的建设,而电子社区是建设和谐社区的重要手段。电子社区的建设不仅解决了和谐社会建设中“数字鸿沟”的难题,也为和谐社区的建设提供了网络基础和信息平台,用现代化的手段辅助构建了一个“居民自治、管理有序、服务完善、文明祥和”的社会主义和谐社会。     

Openness and trade policy in China: an industrial analysis

This paper analyzes the tariff structure and its determinants in China, with our research conducted under the rubric of endogenous policy theory. We study the tariff rates for 95 industries in China in 1996. The potential determinants of tariff rates are collected from an array of variables characterizing industries in 1995. A principal component method is used to reduce these variables into four major dimensions. The first component comprises the information on the composition of employees broken down by age, education, and job classification. The second component is underlined by the profitability of the industry. The third component consists of those variables not picked up with high salience in the first two components. More closely resembling those in the second component than the first, these variables include gross product, foreign capital, inventory, sales revenue, and total loss. The fourth component receives high loadings from two variables: the number of firms in the industry and the number of firms that incur net losses in their operation. Using variables identified by the principal component analysis and postulated by the variants of the endogenous trade theory, regression analysis finds that the trade policy in China is mainly defined by an industrial policy favoring high-tech industries and a social policy minimizing social instability. The implications for China's entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO) are also provided in the paper.     

发挥滨海新区独特功能创建无形资产产业园区

党的十六届五中全会通过的<中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年规划的建议>中将天津滨海新区纳入了国家总体发展战略布局,为天津市的发展提供了难得的历史性机遇.加快滨海新区发展,发挥滨海新区的独特功能,创建全国第一个无形资产产业园区应作为天津滨海新区开发开放的一项重要内容.     

Express diagnostics of crises at an industrial enterprise

This paper examines the practice of crisis management in Primorskii krai and proposes a method of express diagnostics of crisis situations at an industrial enterprise.     

中国社会新阶层与和谐社会的构建

改革开放以来,中国社会阶层结构发生了分化与重组,在原有的"两个阶级,一个阶层"基础上出现了六类新的社会阶层,这些阶层与原有社会阶层共同构成了建设中国特色社会主义和谐社会的重要力量,同时也带来了一些新的问题.如何看待并且解决这些问题,是构建社会主义和谐社会所必须认真面对的.     

R&D spillovers and the case for industrial policy in an open economy

In this paper we consider the case for subsidies towards firmswhich generate R&D spillovers in open economies. We showthat in the presence of strategic behaviour by firms many expectedresults are overturned. Local R&D spillovers to other domesticfirms may justify an R&D tax rather than a subsidy; R&Dcooperation by local firms over-internalises the externalityand also justifies an R&D tax; and international spilloverswhich benefit foreign firms may justify a subsidy, even thoughthe government cares only about the profits of home firms.     

全面加强宏观协调增强自主创新能力——2007年全国科技工作会议在京召开

1月29～30日,2007年全国科技工作会议在京召开。本次会议的主题是:以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导,落实科学发展观,全面贯彻落实十六届六中全会和全国科技大会精神,深入实施《国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要(2006-2020年)》(以下简称《规划纲要》),总结2006年全国科技工作,研究部署2007年全国科技工作,加强宏观管理,狠抓贯彻落实,增强自主创新能力。国务委员陈至立出席会议并作了重要讲话。科技部部长徐冠华作了题为《狠抓落实,协力攻坚,努力实现科技工作的新突破》的报告,深入分析了我国科技发展面临的形势,明确了2007年的科技工作思路和工作重点。来自有关部委、各省(市)科技管理部门、国家高新区、高校院所、中央企业等的近300名代表参加了会议。     

改革收入分配制度是构建和谐社会的重要途径

和谐社会是中华民族孜孜以求的社会理想,也是中国共产党不懈追求和不断奋斗的目标。收入分配关系和谐是社会和谐的具体标准,公正和公平的收入分配制度对于构建和谐社会意义重大。改革收入分配制度、促进收入分配关系和谐是构建和谐社会的重要途径。     

Women's opportunities in Swedish society

Abstract

Research in economic history has been accompanied by rapidly developing research in social history. Demographic history, the family and social change, together with popular movements, have been taken up as objects of study. The three Swedish studies discussed here arise from projects in these fields. The studies of Sten Carlsson and Kerstin Moberg form part of projects in the Department of History at the University of Uppsala on ‘the family in demographic and social change in Sweden after 1800’ and on ‘functions of the class society: popular movements’. Gunhild Kyle's study is part of a project in the Department of History at the University of Gothenburg on ‘women in industrial society’.     

喀斯特乡村旅游的社区参与与社区赋权

社区参与是喀斯特乡村旅游可持续发展的关键,社区参与的目的就要实现社区赋权。文章在对喀斯特乡村旅游及其社区参与、社区及社区参与的理论内涵进行分析的基础上,提出喀斯特乡村旅游的社区参与关键是要从经济、政治、心理和社会四个纬度上实现对喀斯特社区的赋权。     

工业竞争力研究——兰州市为例

工业竞争力是近年来学术界研究的一个重要领域。本文在对现有研究成果进行简要回顾的基础上 ,从竞争力的结果—市场占有率和市场竞争优势的角度出发 ,对兰州市的工业竞争力进行了比较研究。并提出了提高竞争力的对策建议。