Why realme?

在品牌林立的智能手机市场上为什么还需要一个realme?为什么realme在一年半内就可以拿到全球出货量排名第七的成绩?为什么realme要主张敢越级?……带着疑问和好奇,《现代广告》采访了realme CMO徐起。     

生产者服务业FDI追逐制造业FDI吗?

借助于VEC模型,以1988—2006年美国对中国的直接投资数据,检验生产者服务业FDI与制造业FDI之间的关系,结果表明,流入东道国的制造业FDI明显受到来自母国的生产者服务业FDI的追逐。加入其他控制变量的进一步研究发现,生产者服务业FDI对制造业FDI的追逐性依然显著,东道国的经济规模是生产者服务业FDI区位选择的又一重要因素,限制措施能够直接而有效地调节生产者服务业FDI的流入,来自美国的生产者服务业FDI尚未形成集聚效应,生产者服务业FDI对工资水平、服务业发展水平和基础设施水平均不敏感。     

Why emerging markets?

The substantial returns promised by developing country stock markets have attracted very significant capital flows. The phenomenon began with the rapid growth rates of countries on the Pacific Rim duirng the early 1980s, and today continues to grow in Latin America. Kuczynski asserts that the days when investing was like shooting fish in a barrel are over, but the so-called emerging capital market phenomenon is here to stay—it is simply part and parcel of new economic growth and development.     

Why technical-market research?

Customers frequently need assistance in knowing what they want or might need. One process, technical-market research, helps understand the mind of the consumer so that the voice of the customer can be better translated into new products by designers, engineers, and marketers.     

Falling or Not Falling into Temptation? Multiple Faces of Temptation, Monetary Intelligence, and Unethical Intentions Across Gender

We develop a theoretical model, explore the relationship between temptation (both reflective and formative) and unethical intentions by treating monetary intelligence (MI) as a mediator, and examine the direct (temptation to unethical intentions) and indirect (temptation to MI to unethical intentions) paths simultaneously based on multiple-wave panel data collected from 340 part-time employees and university (business) students. The positive indirect path suggested that yielding to temptation (e.g., high cognitive impairment and lack of self-control) led to poor MI (low stewardship behavior, but high cognitive meaning) that, in turn, led to high unethical intentions (theft, corruption, and deception). Our counterintuitive negative direct path revealed that those who controlled their temptation had high unethical intentions. Due to the multiple faces of temptation (the suppression effect), maliciously controlled temptation (low cognitive impairment and high self control) led to deviant intentions. Subsequent multi-group analysis across gender (a moderator) reformulated the mystery of temptation: a negative direct path for males, but a positive indirect path for females. For males, the negative direct path generated a dark impact on unethical intentions; for females, the positive indirect path did not, but offered great implications for consumer behavior. Both falling “and” not falling into temptation led to unethical intentions which varied across gender. Our counterintuitive, novel, and original theoretical, empirical, and practical contributions may spark curiosity and add new vocabulary to the conversation regarding temptation, money attitudes, consumer psychology, and business ethics.     

Why do migrants remit?

This paper examines primary incentives of remitting. Using estimated bilateral data on remittances, this paper demonstrates that a rise in the home (remittance‐receiving) country's gross national income (GNI) per capita leads to fewer remittances and that a rise in the host (remittance‐sending) country's GNI per capita motivates migrants to remit more. Real exchange rates and real interest rates have no effect on remittances. These results indicate that altruism is an important and critical component of motivations behind remittances. However, altruism alone does not appear to be a sufficient explanation of the motivations behind remittances. Other incentives such as loan repayment and investment play a non‐negligible role in this regard as well. The degree of altruism is higher for migrants from developing countries in comparison with migrants from developed countries, and it is higher when we define remittances as “personal transfers” rather than “personal transfers and compensation of employees.” The results of the vector error correction model show if remittances deviate from the equilibrium relationship, they will eventually revert.     

Outward FDI and Innovation Performance of Chinese Firms: Why Can Home-Grown Political Ties Be A Liability?

We explain how home-grown political ties of Chinese firms negatively influence the effect of outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) on the innovation performance of their parent firms. Our results show that these ties can turn into a liability in the host countries (particularly developed ones) due to their misfit with the local institutional environment, hampering the parent firms’ innovation performance from OFDI. We also clarify how absorptive capacity of the parent firm mediates the relationship between OFDI and innovation performance. Our study furthers understanding of the link between internationalization and innovation performance and the ‘dark side’ of political ties.     

Is FDI doing good? A golden rule for FDI ethics

Ethical and economic perspectives on foreign direct investment (FDI) often appear in opposing frameworks. To combat this antagonism, this research proposes a consolidation between foreign private wealth and general welfare in host countries. The first contribution of this study is to provide a comprehensive conceptual approach to the study of FDI ethics. The second key contribution is to present empirical analysis of the differential influence of the level of democratic rights on foreign employment, new projects, and FDI capital flows. Results suggest that FDI incentivizes general welfare in least developed countries with high degrees of volatility. Additionally, policymakers face a dilemma in which democracy and legal rights seem to be mutually incompatible with fostering foreign employment. Practitioners find a way to evaluate the ethical implications of international business activities. The study analyzes FDI data from 161 countries between 2003 and 2010 by means of the FDI gravity equation.     

What determines Chinese outward FDI?

Chinese outward foreign direct investment (FDI) has increased substantially in recent years. Though this has generated considerable interest in the motivations and drivers of Chinese investment abroad, there have been few systematic empirical studies of these questions. This paper performs an econometric analysis of the host country determinants of Chinese outward FDI in the period 2003-2006. We find that Chinese outward FDI is attracted to large markets, and to countries with a combination of large natural resources and poor institutions. Disaggregation shows that the former effect is related to OECD countries, whereas the latter interaction effect holds for non-OECD countries.     

Why Do Governments Privatize Abroad?

Privatization through global equity market placement has largely contributed to financial market development and integration. Despite the relevance of the fact, the reasons underlying governments' choice to sell shares of privatized companies abroad are still poorly understood. This paper presents new evidence for a sample of 233 share issue privatizations in 20 OECD countries, showing that redistribution concerns and the objective of domestic financial market development make domestic privatization more likely. However, if budget constraints are binding, governments tend to sell abroad a larger quantity of shares, particularly when corporate governance at home is weak.     

Why not exploit dual marketing?

What happens when industrial marketers start selling to consumers? Or when companies who serve consumers begin marketing to industry? Although not without its problems, dual marketing offers synergies that have been largely overlooked.     

Why Do College Students Cheat?

More is known about the pervasiveness of college cheating than reasons why students cheat. This article reports the results of a study that applied the theory of reasoned action and partial least squares methodology to analyze the responses of 144 students to a survey on cheating behavior. Approximately 60% of the business students and 64% of the non-business students admitted to such behavior. Among cheaters, a “desire to get ahead” was the most important motivating factor – a surprising result given the comprehensive set of factors tested in the study. Among non-cheaters, the presence of a “moral anchor” such as an ethical professor was most important. The article also includes a set of important caveats that might limit this study and suggests some avenues for further study.     

Is FDI Integrating the World Economy?

FDI's spectacular growth, in diverse forms, during the past two decades represented an important force generating greater economic integration. FDI increased substantially in relation to global productive capacity, cross border mergers and acquisitions component of FDI put domestic corporate laggards on notice, and the spread of FDI to non‐tradable service sectors generated the possibility that these traditionally low productivity sectors would be brought closer to the standards of international efficiency. Yet, FDI did not perform an integrating role in a more fundamental sense. There is little evidence that FDI served to speed up income convergence across countries. This was the case for two reasons. First, FDI flows remained highly concentrated. Second, the benefits from FDI appear to have accrued principally where conditions were already conducive to investment and growth. Hence, though cross‐country disciplines through bilateral, regional and multilateral efforts are important in reducing the distortions that lead to misallocation of capital, domestic efforts to raise absorptive capacity will ultimately be critical. Efforts to increase labour mobility, as foreseen, for example, under GATS, could have a significant effect in raising the benefits from FDI as the more mobile labour serves to bridge the cultural, institutional and contractual differences across nations.     

Why is Manchester United So Successful?

Football is now a big industry worth studying in its own right: but it is also an excellent laboratory for studying success. The author argues that this is partly because, in contrast to say, American Football, there is less equalisation of resources between the clubs and English football is a highly competitive market. This article discusses one of the most successful clubs ever and argues that the reasons behind its success do not characterise football generally. It discusses how the different kinds of success in the English football industry are related to business success generally.     

Why do stored value systems fail?

Stored value systems are the most recent form of electronic payment technology. They are meant to coexist with credit and debit technology, by primarily targeting the low value area of the transaction market. Being targeted at low value transactions, they are designed to have very low transaction cost. Stored value systems rely on creating a form of electronic value, on smart cards or as computer files. Such value can be bought (withdrawn) at any one time, and spent in arbitrary fractions at later times. When the technology emerged for its first implementations in the first half of the 1990s, it was much celebrated as a replacement for cash with many benefits over existing payment technologies. Many of these systems have subsequently been set up as trials, and the commercial rollout of some systems has started. However, actual usage of stored value systems is still low, much lower than was expected by the operators of the systems. Several years after the first trials were implemented, it is still unclear whether and when they will play a relevant role in the payments system market. And none of the trials that have been run can be considered a commercial success. This makes it necessary not only to assess the technology, but also the commercial future and user uptake of these systems. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.