贸易全球化与转轨国家贸易安全研究

经济全球化和贸易自由化是当今世界经济发展的主流,转轨国家在积极融入经济全球化的进程中面临着国家经济安全的挑战。本文通过分析经济化与转轨国家经济安全的相关性及其影响,试图找出产生消极影响的症结所在,更好地提升国家的整体经济实力。     

Organization and Management Research in Transition Economies

Abstract

This article ascertains some problematic issues that may arise when conducting organization and management research in the former socialist countries. It reflects on methodological difficulties the two authors have encountered themselves in doing empirical research in a number of East European transition economies (the Baltic States, Bulgaria, and the CIS-especially in Belarus, Russia, and the Ukraine) since the beginning of the transformation in the late 1980s. By providing examples from their own experience, the authors suggest some solutions for solving methodological problems, which other researchers might face while accomplishing empirical studies in a peculiar but also a very attractive research context.     

Marginal Intra-Industry Trade: The Case of Jamaica's Trade with CARICOM

Of the dearth of empirical studies on marginal intra-industry trade, there is a relative paucity of empirical evidence involving developing countries. The major contribution of this article is two-fold: Firstly, it measures to our knowledge for the first time the extent of Jamaica's marginal intra-industry trade with CARICOM. This study is warranted bearing in mind that Jamaica's involvement in recent integration efforts with CARICOM will have adjustment costs implications. Secondly, we compare the performance of various Jamaican export sectors with their CARICOM counterparts. The article concludes by proposing some recommendations for policy makers to ensure smoother functioning of the Jamaican labour market.     

我国农产品产业内贸易现状分析

本文利用HS分类方法将农产品分成24大类,分别计算了每类农产品和总体农产品从1996-2005年的G-L产业内贸易指数、Brülhart边际产业内贸易指数、Thom&McDowell边际产业内贸易指数,发现我国农产品的整体产业内贸易水平比较低,Brülhart指数显示我国农产品10年来贸易的增量主要来自于产业间贸易,Thom&McDowell指数表明我国农产品产业内贸易的增量主要是由垂直型产业内贸易带来的。     

The Distinctiveness of Entrepreneurship in Transition Economies

This paper is concerned with the distinctiveness of entrepreneurship and small business development in countries that are at different stages of transformation to market based economies. Following a discussion of the potential relevance of selected conceptualisations of entrepreneurship to transition conditions, the authors present original empirical data referring to the characteristics of entrepreneurs and their businesses from countries at different stages of market reform. Distinctive features of entrepreneurial behaviour identified reflect the unstable and hostile nature of the external environment and the scarcity of key resources, particularly capital. In an unstable and weakly structured environment, informal networks often play a key role in helping entrepreneurs to mobilise resources, win orders and cope with the constraints imposed by highly bureaucratic structures and often unfriendly officials. Moreover, the social context inherited from the former socialist period appears to affect both the attitudes and behaviour of entrepreneurs and the attitudes of society at large towards entrepreneurship.     

我国园艺产品产业内贸易的实证分析

从整体和分类两个层面分别计算了园艺产品从1997-2007年的G-L产业内贸易指数、Brulhart边际产业内贸易指数、Thom&McDowell水平型和垂直型产业内贸易指数。发现我国园艺产品的整体产业内贸易水平比较低,Brulhart边际产业内贸易指数显示我国园艺产品11年来贸易的增量主要来自于产业间贸易,Thom&McDowell指数表明我国园艺产品产业内贸易中,水平型和垂直型产业内贸易所引发的贸易增量基本相当。     

The Mis-Match of Expectations and Tools in Transition Economies

The fall of the former Soviet Union and the opening of the countries of Eastern Europe has prompted examination of why central planning failed, why capitalism with all its faults is succeeding, and what actions and institutions are necessary to move command economies toward successful, sustainable market economic systems. As they privatize State Owned Enterprises (SOE's) expectations are that the companies will function with the success experienced by western companies. Governments hope to derive tax revenue from company profits and expect companies to provide jobs. Effecting the change is, however, far greater than changing the name plate on the door. Transition success will hinge upon institutional and infrastructure changes that need to be wide-spread.The ethical quagmire is that without changes in the infrastructure of the command economy system private enterprise is doomed to fail. Governments will then be deprived of the anticipated revenue streams emanating from businesses. Governments may then not be able to fulfill the economic and social expectations of their citizens. This would be not only counter-productive for businesses and government but also confusing and bewildering to the general populous. This paper explores structural impediments in transition economies and discusses how each blocks and distorts the formation of a true market economy.     

开放经济中的企业组织演化--基于"中心-外围"的理论视角

企业组织演化研究总是围绕世界经济中心进行.本文认为,外围企业与中心存在显著差别:企业运行的市场环境具有不确定性、不完善性;来自中心的技术转让与产业转移导致外围企业组织多样化:跨国公司对于外围企业具有示范效应与外溢效应,从而使外围企业组织演化表现出非连续性与跳跃性:外围企业不仅追求最大化利润,还要考虑到发展战略以及宏观的社会利益.我国企业组织演化不仅具有以上特征,而且受到渐进转轨的影响.文章还提出我国的企业组织演化目标模式:生产组织形式为福特制与其他生产模式并存:企业产权和治理模式为混合结构.     

ICT,Innovation and Firm Performance: The Transition Economies Context

The aim of this article is to investigate the impact of information communication technologies (ICT) and innovation activities on firm performance using the Business Environment Enterprise Performance Survey (BEEPS) firm-level data in the three rounds: 2002, 2005, and 2008. The novelty of this research is based on the idea of studying the usage of ICT and innovation activities on firm performance by using dynamic approach so that we can estimate the adjustments that arise from the impact of ICT and innovation activities. The rapid technological development and the growing use of information technology (IT) in business organizations have become the center of attention in past few years. A bulk of literature has been published on the use of IT in different industries, different types of business organizations, and in different areas of business management. On the other hand, the probability of the firm to undertake innovation activities has shown to enhance firm performance. This study implements various estimations on BEEPS observations to test whether the change in the usage of ICT and other innovation determinants have increase the probability of firms to undertake innovation activities. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

The Information Content of Magazine Advertising in Market and Transition Economies

This study examines differences in the information content of magazine advertisements across market and transition economies in Europe. Content analyses are performed on 396 advertisements that appeared in women's magazines in the Russian Federation, the Czech Republic, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. Results of statistical analyses reveal marked differences between economies with respect to the information content of advertisements. Compared to market economies, advertisements in transition economies contain significantly more product-related information, and focus less on consumers' life style. In addition, they contain more prize winning contests and their glossy magazines contain more availability information. The study also explores reasons for these differences and discusses their implications.     

Informal Investment in Transition Economies: Individual Characteristics and Clusters

This paper investigates the factors driving informal investment in Croatia, Hungary and Slovenia. Using Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) data, we find that the low rates of informal investment activity and the small amounts of investments in these countries are driven by entrepreneurial behaviors consistent with limited market economy experience. We extend prior studies by investigating the role of business ownership, and identify significant differences between individuals with and without business ownership experience in terms of having start-up skills, knowing an entrepreneur and fearing failure. Cluster analysis identifies seven distinct groups of informal investors, and reveals the heterogeneity in terms of investors’ age, gender, level of education, amount of investment, start-up skills, ownership status, income, opportunity perception and country of residence.      

The Organization of Production

The organization of production depends on both technical and governance factors. The integration of recent advances in cost theory into production theory makes it easier to appreciate the joint effects of transaction and coordination costs interacting with wages and capital costs in the decision-making of firms. The corporate function, integrating the production function and the governance function, facilitates the joint analysis of the full array of factors including the effects of interrelatedness and complementarities of new technologies and of pecuniary economies of scale. The corporate function and pecuniary economies of scale also provide new elements in the understanding of the ever present variety of firms in industrial structures and the role of historic time in the theory of the firm.     

Motion Pictures Industry: Economies of Scale and Trade

Recent economic theories find industrial structure to be an important determinant of the pattern of trade. In the motion picture industry, economies of scale and imperfect competition, in addition to cultural sovereignty, are conditions sometimes used to justify protectionist policies. This paper examines the significance of the capital-labor ratio, VCRs, market share, tariffs, domestic market size, taste similarities, stars and domestically popular films on international trade in the industry. The results indicate that stars and blockbusters in the domestic market do not seem to influence consumption of films overseas, however, external economies of scale are present in the industry, tariffs are effective trade barriers in the industry, and VCRs increase the chances of piracy.     

外贸公司风光不再?

加入WTO后,外贸出口权门槛将逐步拆除,出口企业、生产企业等出口主体争夺市场将更加激烈.     

The Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Transition Economies: A Meta‐analysis

In this paper, we conduct a meta‐analysis of studies that empirically examine the relationship between economic transformation and foreign direct investment (FDI) performance in Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union over the past quarter century. More specifically, we synthesise the empirical evidence reported in previous studies that deal with the determinants of FDI in transition economies, focusing on the impacts of transition factors. We also perform meta‐regression analysis to specify determinant factors of the heterogeneity among the relevant studies and the presence of publication‐selection bias. We find that the existing literature reports a statistically significant non‐zero effect as a whole, and a genuine effect is confirmed for some FDI determinants beyond the publication‐selection bias.     

The Informal Organization of Korean Companies: Implications for Korean MNCs

Many Korean multinational corporations (MNCs) try to adapt locally by introducing hybrid international human resource management (IHRM); however, in‐depth case studies indicate a gap between espoused and actual IHRM. To resolve this challenge, and taking into account country‐of‐origin effects and institutional practices, we argue that Korean MNCs must become aware of the embeddedness of informal processes in Korean organizations. These informal organization processes complement paternalistic leadership and hierarchical communication, and without them the formal management systems of Korean MNCs are left with authoritarian centralized decision‐making processes where local employees may not feel able to participate. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

The Trade Competitiveness of Southern Emerging Economies: A Multidimensional Approach Through Cluster Analysis

This paper investigates the trade competitiveness of the new emerging Southern economies – China, India, Brazil and South Africa (CIBS) – with respect to their main global partners. Starting from the commonly held view that countries with trade patterns similar to those of emerging countries are likely to suffer losses, we propose a multidimensional approach based on cluster analysis, both crisp and fuzzy, as an alternative strategy for assessing similarity in global trade patterns. On the basis of key trade characteristics drawn from the diverse strands of trade theory, we assess the relative position of CIBS within global trade patterns and their evolution over time. Unlike previous studies, our results do not support the hypothesis of the presence of a competitiveness threat from Southern emerging countries towards the main industrialised economies.     

中国与RCEP国家制造业产业内贸易新测度与影响因素研究——基于增加值贸易视角的分析

当前中国提速推进与RCEP成员国的经贸谈判,这是引领经济全球化和提振后疫情时代建设开放型世界经济的积极信号。基于OECD(2018TiVA)数据库,创新性的以增加值贸易视角比较测度分析了中国与RCEP国家制造业产业内贸易水平,实证检验了增加值贸易下中国与RCEP国家制造业产业内贸易发展的影响因素。研究结果表明:增加值贸易下中国与RCEP国家制造业静态产业内贸易主要在资本技术密集型和知识密集型部门;区域内制造业产业内贸易动态演变和参与国际化生产层次具有"劳动密集型-资本技术密集型-知识密集型"的阶梯状特征;FDI、人均GDP、工业化水平、开放经济距离和基础设施质量是影响增加值贸易下中国与RCEP国家制造业产业内贸易发展的主要因素,且存在显著空间差异和行业异质性。基于此,结合后疫情时代的全球经贸格局,从增加值贸易视角我国应积极采取促进中国与RCEP国家制造业产业内贸易高质量发展的相关政策。     

Retailing in the Transition Economies of Poland and Romania: A Comparative Analysis

This research compares and contrasts the current state of development in the retailing industry in the transition economies of Poland and Romania. Two issues examined in this research are (a) the process of market reforms and resulting developments in store-based and non-store retailing, including the competition among large multinational retail chains and small local retail stores, and (b) the structure of the retail industry in terms of market share of 17 different categories of retailers within their respective sectors, namely, grocery retailers, specialty retailers, and non-store retailers, and overall growth registered by these retailers in the last 5 years (2004–2009). Managerial implications of the findings in terms of the opportunities and challenges in different categories of retailing business in the two countries are discussed, and directions for future research are identified.     

Terms-of-Trade and Trade Balance: Some Empirical Evidence of Asian Economies

This study examines the impact of terms-of-trade and oil price on trade balance in Asian economies. Generally, the results of the normalized cointegrating vectors show that the impact of terms-of-trade on trade balance is different across economies. An increase in oil price or permanent oil price will lead to a decrease in terms-of-trade while the impact of an increase in temporary oil price on terms-of-trade is ambiguous. Generally, terms-of-trade, domestic demand, foreign demand, and oil price (permanent oil price, temporary oil price) are important in the determination of trade balance in the short run and long run.