从宏观到微观的三维国际竞争力分析

国际竞争力是国与国之间竞争能力的比较,它会随着竞争主体的不同而呈现出层次性的特点.这种层次性主要表现为从宏观、中观到微观的三维特征:即国家的国际竞争力、产业国际竞争力和企业国际竞争力.本文针对国际竞争力的三维层次进行了逐一的分析,在揭示它们各自的内涵与外延的基础上,对三者彼此之间的联系作出了基本的判断.     

“一带一路”沿线国家认证认可国际竞争力评价

认证认可是国家质量基础设施的重要组成部分,被称为质量管理的"体检证"、市场经济的"信用证"、国际贸易的"通行证",在提升产品质量水平、推动产业结构升级、规避双边贸易壁垒、降低贸易通关成本和促进贸易合作与发展方面扮演日益重要的角色。选取"一带一路"沿线国家作为样本,从服务竞争力、区域竞争力、国际影响力、创新竞争力、基础竞争力等五个维度构建"一带一路"沿线国家认证认可国际竞争力指标体系,考察沿线各国比较优势,研判"一带一路"认证认可格局。结果显示:"一带一路"认证认可格局涵盖卓越型竞争力、潜力型竞争力、成长型竞争力和沉寂型竞争力四个阵营,我国位于卓越型竞争力阵营,在区域竞争力、国际影响力和基础竞争力方面占据比较优势。"一带一路"倡议提出以来,我国积极发展与沿线国家间的经贸合作与双边互认,与蒙古、新加坡、哈萨克斯坦等签署了标准化合作协议,推进产品标准双边互认建设。中国认证认可的影响逐步深入至经济、社会的各个领域,其服务能力、服务效果仍具备较大的提升空间。     

Russian Competitiveness in the Global Economy

Abstract

Using data on Russia's competitiveness collected by our research team as part of the World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Report (GCR), literature on competitiveness, in particular Michael Porter's theories on economic development and competitiveness, and benchmarking data from the global competitiveness project for other countries, this paper analyzes Russia's comparative strengths in its macro and microeconomic competitiveness. We investigate Russia's movement in ranks over a three-year period, discussing Russia's strengths in its macroeconomic climate and the weaknesses of its institutions. We illustrate the effects of these on three-key growth industries in Russia: oil, IT outsourcing, and the food sector.     

产业国际竞争力文献综述

世界经济全球化,一体化的特征在当今的世界环境中表现显著,产业国际竞争成为世界范围内的一项重要的课题,国内外的专家学者和相关的研究机构都做了大量的理论或实证性研究,但对于各国的主要或特色产业竞争力之间缺乏系统全面的思考。学术界对于产业国际竞争力中的产业研究范围很广,诸如医药卫生、教育、文化产业等一系列产业学术界都有所涉猎,但是这些研究之间都没有形成自己的体系,仅仅对产业的国际竞争力进行了简单的分析,还存在较多的问题和可以探究的地方值得我们去学习。通过借鉴和总结各国产业国际竞争力的研究内容,进行综述,从中找出研究成果的特点,从而为今后的进一步研究打下坚实的基础。     

Strategically Assessing International Business Course-Specific Learning Aims

Abstract

During the past 30 years, there have been calls for universities and business schools to internationalize curriculum, students and faculty. As most U.S. business schools have added international components to their respective programs, the assessment of these programs was subsequently recommended from accreditation and competitive perspectives. To sustain competitiveness, business schools must expand their program assessment activities and rigorously conduct assessment at the course level as well. We propose a model of international business course assessment that links learning aims to delivery methods and reviews two separate approaches based on that model.     

市场竞争、竞争阶段与产业国际竞争力

波特等国外学者普遍认为,一个国家产业内的市场竞争能够提升该产业的国际竞争力,而本文通过我国彩电业的实证研究却得出了与此相反的结论。由此,本文以“竞争阶段”这一概念为基础,提出一个新的分析框架统一了上述两种不同的观点:市场竞争强度与产业国际竞争力之间存在着一个类似于倒U型的关系,最适的竞争强度应该出现在寡头阶段,我国与发达国家产业所处竞争阶段的不同造成了研究结论上的差异。现阶段我国产业多数处于分散型竞争状态,引导形成适度集中的寡头市场结构是有利于提高产业国际竞争力的正确政策选择。     

广东工业国际竞争力的实证研究

关于产业国际竞争力的经济分析范式及评价指标体系,国内外研究机构、学者间存在较大分歧、各树一帜。本文采用了一组以进出口数据为基础的指标,即国际市场占有率、贸易竞争力指数、显示性比较优势指数、显示性竞争优势指数,针对广东省机电、纺织、服装、化工、钢铁等产业的国际竞争力进行了实证测度;并通过省际、国际比较,对其产业国际竞争力水平做出总体判断;在此基础上,分析、寻找导致其国际竞争力实际结果及未来趋势的原因,并提出相应的政策建议。     

大国国内贸易需求提升产品国际竞争力的机理分析

关于产品国际竞争力相关理论的研究受到了众多学者的关注,但却鲜有学者从国内贸易需求的角度对其进行系统分析,以致人们在某种程度上忽视了通过拓展国内贸易需求来提升产品国际竞争力的做法。文章探讨了国内贸易需求提升产品国际竞争力的内在机理,为拓展我国国内贸易,利用国内市场提升我国产品国际竞争力寻求理论支持。     

Similarity and Competition in the Agri-Food Trade among European Mediterranean Countries

ABSTRACT

Using Eurostat and OECD data on agri-food exports, this article provides a picture of the evolution in the similarity between Italian and other European Mediterranean countries’ exports, before and after the recent financial crisis. Considering different indexes, the similarity is somewhat moderate and does not vary noticeably among the indexes when considering the EU-25 market. By contrast, a strong qualitative dissimilarity is recorded in the North American market. Overall, France and Spain appear more similar to Italy and likely to compete in the same agri-food market segments. The crisis seems associated to a slight modification of the exports structure.     

数字服务贸易国际竞争力比较及对我国启示

数字服务贸易是指通过网络跨境传输交付的产品和服务贸易,是数字贸易的重要组成部分。数字服务贸易深刻影响国际贸易分工、分配关系,引发国际社会广泛关注,各国围绕跨境数据流动、数据存储规则、知识产权保护、数字服务监管等的博弈日益激烈。基于联合国贸发会议统计框架和相关数据对全球数字服务贸易发展态势进行分析,并通过国际市场占有率、贸易竞争力指数、显性比较优势指数对主要经济体数字服务贸易国际竞争力进行比较后发现,全球数字服务贸易增长迅猛,正成为服务贸易增长关键动力,推动全球贸易向服务化方向发展;从细分子类看,与信息通信技术(ICT)高度相关的计算机和信息服务贸易增长最快,金融、保险、工程研发等传统服务贸易增长较慢;从主要经济体看,发展中国家与发达国家数字服务贸易在规模、占比和竞争力水平上均存在较大差距,并呈现出一定扩大趋势。我国应把握数字服务贸易发展机遇,推动数字服务产业创新发展,鼓励和支持企业参与全球数字服务分工,完善数字服务治理体系,与相似发展水平的国家一同推动包容性数字贸易规则体系的建设。     

中澳产业国际竞争力与贸易互补性分析

运用以进出口数据为基础的产业国际竞争力评价指标体系对中澳产业国际竞争力进行了评价,结合评价结果,利用修正后的贸易互补指数计算公式计测了中澳两国之间各产业以及综合贸易互补程度.结果表明:中澳两国各自具有极强和较强国际竞争力的产业互不重合,大部分产业具有较强的贸易互补性,综合贸易互补性近年来呈逐年增强之势.中澳双边贸易发展潜力很大,建立中澳自由贸易区前景广阔.     

Government Policy,Continental Collaboration and the Diffusion of Open Source Software in China,Japan, and South Korea

ABSTRACT

The scale of development and deployment of open source software (OSS) in the three Northeast Asian countries–China, Japan, and South Korea–is large enough to be noticed at the global level. OSS has redefined the dynamics of software markets in the three countries and has brought significant structural changes in their software industries. Governments have played a pivotal role in the development of OSS industry in the region. Governments in the three countries have also created impetus for continental collaborations in OSS projects. This paper examines the roles and contributions of governments to the OSS initiative in the three countries in terms of a number of technology visions and goals.     

中国与日韩文化商品贸易实证分析

国际贸易中文化产品和文化服务贸易以“指数级”增长。各国文化产品在国际贸易中的竞争地位，不仅关系到本国的经济利益，而且关系到本国文化在世界文化发展中的地位。从经济学的角度对中日韩三国的文化商品贸易进行分析，为文化产业成为中国的重要战略产业提供理论依据。     

Marketing Concept Manifestations in Fiji Enterprises: Confirming the Link to Organizational Competitiveness

ABSTRACT

This paper proposes an integrative view of the marketing concept (i.e., the ability to understand and satisfy customers) and examines its prevalence and effect on competitiveness in organizations operating in an isolated and less economically developed country. The marketing concept manifests as marketing expertise, market orientation, and externally directed organizational values. Based on a sample of 86 firms operating in Fiji, the results indicate that these three mechanisms promote organizational competitiveness, thus supporting the universality of the marketing concept. These findings confirm the important role of the marketing concept in the competitiveness of firms in a less developed economy.     

中国和美国服务业出口竞争力比较分析

本文在界定服务业出口竞争力评价体系的基础上,对中、美两国服务业出口竞争力进行了4个方面的比较分析。通过比较两国服务业净出口额、服务业出口国际市场占有率、服务业贸易竞争优势指数和服务贸易显性比较优势指数4个指标得出:美国在技术密集型的服务业上有极强的出口竞争力,而中国在技术密集型服务业上具有显性比较劣势,并且中国在传统服务业运输和旅游业上的出口竞争力在逐渐减弱,但是中国技术密集型服务业的出口竞争力在增强。最后,本文借助波特的"钻石模型"对中国和美国服务业出口竞争力进行了进一步分析并提出了相应的对策建议。     

China,India, and Japan: A Changing Economic Landscape

ABSTRACT

Globalization causes major shifts in the business environment and in business practices. Forecasting such changes is crucial for the preparation of responses to them. This article reports on a Delphi study conducted with a global set of experts drawn from the policy, business and academic communities. Over three rounds of interchange, these experts analyzed and debated the likelihood of changes in the international business environment over the next decade and the impact of these changes on policy and on corporate practices. The findings identify major sectoral transformations, shifts in the trade framework and its institution, and strategies for corporate adjustment.     

基于钻石模型和RCA指数对我国纺织服装产业国际竞争力的研究

在经济全球化的背景下,提高国际竞争力已成为产业发展的核心。纺织服装产业一直是我国的传统优势产业,但近年来竞争压力日趋激烈。本文基于波特教授的钻石模型理论,从要素条件,需求状况,相关产业和支持性产业,企业战略、结构和竞争4个关键要素方面,研究了该产业的发展现状及出现的问题,并结合RCA显示性比较优势指数,实证分析了中国与印度、意大利等国的竞争力指标。从而针对性地提出了提升我国纺织服装产业国际竞争力的对策和建议。     

中国创意服务贸易国际竞争力比较研究——基于TC指数和相对(技术)复杂度指数

在分析中国创意服务贸易特征的基础上,运用贸易竞争力(TC)指数和相对(技术)复杂度指数,采用UNCTAD发布的最新统计数据,对中国以及世界其他五个国家的创意服务贸易的国际竞争力进行了比较研究。结果显示:我国创意服务贸易已具备一定的国际竞争力,在世界创意服务贸易的地位也不断提升,但是各分项发展很不平衡。因此,要加强对进出口市场的了解,优化出口结构,提高创意服务进口的技术水平,同时注重创意服务高端人才的培养与引进。     

Business-Government Partnership in Nigeria

ABSTRACT

This study critically examines the role of multinational corporations in the global competitiveness of Nigeria. The primary purpose is to make a modest contribution to the debate on Nigeria's competitiveness in the emerging global economy. This study recommends the redefinition of national development goals and reorientation of the focus of MNCs toward such goals. Future industrial policy will need to address the following areas: (1) Promoting competitiveness, especially improving technological capabilities in a market economy; (2) Shifting the incentive structure strongly towards export orientation; (3) Helping import-substituting industries to restructure and upgrade their technologies and skills; (4) Investing in infrastructure, education, training and technological support services; and (5) Promoting regional cooperation to enlarge markets.     

中欧纺织服装国际竞争力的测度与对比分析

作为纺织服装生产和出口的主要经济体,欧盟在国际纺织服装市场上是中国厂商较强的竞争对手之一。虽然中国在纺织服装生产上具有较强的比较优势,但欧盟在纺织服装产品的现实竞争力上却具有明显的优势,因而很难确定中欧纺织服装产业的真正实力。为此,有必要进一步测度中欧纺织服装的潜在国际竞争力,以找出其长远的趋势,为中国纺织服装行业在国际市场竞争中提供一定的借鉴。